能值生态足迹模型的改进——以海南为例
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摘要
通过对比总结现有能值生态足迹模型研究成果,从能值密度、能值生态承载力、能值生态指标分类和整合等方面分析了模型存在的问题,在此基础上,构建了消费端和供给端构建足迹账户体系,并提出能值生态足迹和能值生态承载力模型的改进和优化。利用改进模型,实证分析了2000—2016年海南生态经济系统的变化特征。结果表明:(1)能源账户和生物产品账户足迹大幅增加。污染账户和建设用地账户足迹状态稳定。(2)生产承载力随着技术进步不断提高,而环境承载力随着人类对环境资源的占用强度增加不断下降。(3)海南生态环境整体表现为生态盈余,但污染账户、能源账户盈余缩减,2011年能源账户开始出现生态赤字。通过足迹账户的构建,能够更清晰地追踪各账户和各类土地能值生态足迹、能值生态承载力以及能值生态盈余/赤字产生的变化,能值生态足迹模型改进之后能够更客观反映区域生态经济系统状况,为地区有针对性开展环境管理和保护提供依据。
In this study we analyzed the existing problems of previous emergy ecological footprint model in terms of emergy density,ecological carrying capacity,ecological index classification,and integration by comparing with the existing emergy ecological footprint models,and summarized the results. Then,we established a system for estimating ecological footprint taking into consideration the consumer's perspective and supply scenario,and developed a more effective solution to improve the emergy ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity model. Based on the improved model, the change characteristics of Hainan' s ecological economic system from 2000 to 2016 were analyzed empirically. The results showed that:( 1) the footprint of energy and biological products have increased dramatically,whereas pollution and construction land footprint remain stable;( 2) production carrying capacity has increased owing to technological improvement,and the environmental carrying capacity has decreased owing to increased human occupation intensity and environmental resource utilization;( 3) the overall ecological environment of Hainan shows ecological surplus,but pollution and energy surplus hasdecreased,and energy began to appear as an ecological deficit in 2011. Through the construction of footprint accounts,it is possible to track changes of the emergy ecological footprint,ecological carrying capacity,and ecological surplus/deficit of various accounts and various land types more clearly. An enhanced emergy ecological footprint model could reflect the regional ecological economic system more objectively and provide the basis for development of regional environmental management and protection.
In this study we analyzed the existing problems of previous emergy ecological footprint model in terms of emergy density,ecological carrying capacity,ecological index classification,and integration by comparing with the existing emergy ecological footprint models,and summarized the results. Then,we established a system for estimating ecological footprint taking into consideration the consumer's perspective and supply scenario,and developed a more effective solution to improve the emergy ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity model. Based on the improved model, the change characteristics of Hainan' s ecological economic system from 2000 to 2016 were analyzed empirically. The results showed that:( 1) the footprint of energy and biological products have increased dramatically,whereas pollution and construction land footprint remain stable;( 2) production carrying capacity has increased owing to technological improvement,and the environmental carrying capacity has decreased owing to increased human occupation intensity and environmental resource utilization;( 3) the overall ecological environment of Hainan shows ecological surplus,but pollution and energy surplus hasdecreased,and energy began to appear as an ecological deficit in 2011. Through the construction of footprint accounts,it is possible to track changes of the emergy ecological footprint,ecological carrying capacity,and ecological surplus/deficit of various accounts and various land types more clearly. An enhanced emergy ecological footprint model could reflect the regional ecological economic system more objectively and provide the basis for development of regional environmental management and protection.
引文
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[32]王翔.我国区域生态承载力及其驱动因素的动态研究[D].杭州:浙江工商大学,2017.
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[37]宫盛男,张玉坤,张睿,郑婕.基于打破“空间互斥性”假设的既有城市生态足迹分析研究.城市发展研究,2018,25(1):7-14.
[38]方恺,董德明,林卓,沈万斌.基于全球净初级生产力的能源足迹计算方法.生态学报,2012,32(9):2900-2909.
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[42] Steen-Olsen K,Weinzettel J,Cranston G,Ercin A E,Hertwich E G. Carbon,land,and water footprint accounts for the European Union:consumption,production,and displacements through international trade. Environmental Science&Technology,2012,46(20):10883-10891.
[43]谢高地,曹淑艳,鲁春霞.中国生态资源承载力研究.北京:科学出版社,2011:80-86.
[44]杨灿,朱玉林.基于能值生态足迹改进模型的湖南省生态赤字研究.中国人口·资源与环境,2016,26(7):37-45.
[45]王俊杰.中国省级生态压力与生态效率综合评价——基于生态足迹方法.当代财经,2016,(8):3-15.
[46]刘某承.中国生态足迹的时间动态与空间格局.北京:化学工业出版社,2014:36-58.
[47]朱玉林.基于能值的湖南农业生态系统可持续发展研究[D].长沙:中南林业科技大学,2010.
[48]杨晶晶.基于能值生态足迹的城市可持续性评价研究——以重庆市为例[D].重庆:重庆大学,2016.
[49]黄凤华.能值生态足迹的灰色预测模型及应用研究[D].兰州:兰州大学,2010.
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[2] Rees W,Wackernagel M. Urban ecological footprints:why cities cannot be sustainable—and why they are a key to sustainability. Environmental Impact Assessment Review,1996,16(4/6):223-248.
[3] Wackernagel W,Onisto L,Bello P,Linares A C,Falfán I S L,García J M,Guerrero A I S,Guerrero M G S. National natural capital accounting with the ecological footprint concept. Ecological Economics,1999,29(3):375-390.
[4] Wackernagel M,Yount J D. The Ecological footprint:an indicator of progress toward regional sustainability. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,1998,51(1/2):511-529.
[5] Scotti M,Bondavalli C,Bodini A. Ecological footprint as a tool for local sustainability:the municipality of Piacenza(Italy)as a case study.Environmental Impact Assessment Review,2009,29(1):39-50.
[6] Haberl H,Erb K H,Krausmann F. How to calculate and interpret ecological footprints for long periods of time:the case of Austria 1926-1995.Ecological Economics,2001,38(1):25-45.
[7] G9ssling S,Hansson C B,H9rstmeier O,Saggel S. Ecological footprint analysis as a tool to assess tourism sustainability. Ecological Economics,2002,43(2/3):199-211.
[8] Wiedmann T,Minx J,Barrett J,Wackernagel M. Allocating ecological footprints to final consumption categories with input-output analysis.Ecological Economics,2006,56(1):28-48.
[9] Teixidó-Figueras J,Duro J A. International ecological footprint inequality:a methodological review and some results. Environmental and Resource Economics,2015,60(4):607-631.
[10]吴文佳,蒋金亮,高全洲,蒋海兵. 2001—2009年中国碳排放与碳足迹时空格局.生态学报,2014,34(22):6722-6733.
[11]王涛,冯杰.中国能源足迹动态变化与影响因素分析.生态经济,2016,32(9):19-23,31-31.
[12] Castellani V,Sala S. Ecological Footprint and Life Cycle Assessment in the sustainability assessment of tourism activities. Ecological Indicators,2012,16:135-147.
[13]孙才志,白天骄,韩琴.基于基尼系数的中国灰水足迹区域与结构均衡性分析.自然资源学报,2016,31(12):2047-2059.
[14]龙爱华,张志强,苏志勇.生态足迹评介及国际研究前沿.地球科学进展,2004,19(6):971-981.
[15] Fiala N. Measuring sustainability:why the ecological footprint is bad economics and bad environmental science. Ecological Economics,2008,67(4):519-525.
[16]熊德国,鲜学福,姜永东.生态足迹理论在区域可持续发展评价中的应用及改进.地理科学进展,2003,22(6):618-626.
[17]蓝盛芳,钦佩,陆宏芳.生态经济系统能值分析.北京:化学工业出版社,2002:1-76,377-418.
[18] Zhao S,Li Z Z,Li W L. A modified method of ecological footprint calculation and its application. Ecological Modelling,2005,185(1):65-75.
[19]段七零.基于能值分析的江苏省耕地生态足迹区域差异.地理科学进展,2008,27(4):96-102.
[20]谭德明,何红渠.基于能值生态足迹的中国能源消费可持续性评价.经济地理,2016,36(8):176-182.
[21]苏浩,雷国平,李荣印.基于生态系统服务价值和能值生态足迹的河南省耕地生态补偿研究.河南农业大学学报,2014,48(6):765-769.
[22]高阳,冯喆,王羊,李双成.基于能值改进生态足迹模型的全国省区生态经济系统分析.北京大学学报:自然科学版,2011,47(6):1089-1096.
[23]荣慧芳,陈晓华.基于能值生态足迹整合模型的城市可持续性评价——以安徽省池州市为例.池州学院学报,2013,27(3):68-72.
[24]张芳怡,濮励杰,张健.基于能值分析理论的生态足迹模型及应用——以江苏省为例.自然资源学报,2006,21(4):653-660.
[25]王明全,王金达,刘景双,赵卫,顾康康.基于能值的生态足迹方法在黑龙江和云南二省中的应用与分析.自然资源学报,2009,24(1):73-81.
[26]刘淼,胡远满,常禹,张文广,张薇.基于能值理论的生态足迹方法改进.自然资源学报,2008,23(3):447-457.
[27]杨青,逯承鹏,周锋,耿涌,景红双,任婉侠,薛冰.基于能值-生态足迹模型的东北老工业基地生态安全评价——以辽宁省为例.应用生态学报,2016,27(5):1594-1602.
[28]黄春,邓良基,高雪松,张世熔.基于能值理论的秸秆利用生态足迹评估——以成都平原典型稻麦轮作区为例.中国生态农业学报,2014,22(6):722-728.
[29]张磊,鞠美庭,刘沁哲,王琦.天津市能源消费的能值生态足迹与能源管理.安全与环境学报,2011,11(3):142-147.
[30]盛业旭,刘琼,欧名豪,佴伶俐.基于能值—生态足迹修正模型的区域可持续发展研究——以江苏省南通市为例.水土保持通报,2014,34(3):211-217.
[31]唐呈瑞,逯承鹏,杨青,姜璐,任婉侠,薛冰.东北老工业区生态安全动态演变过程及驱动力.生态学报,2017,37(22):7474-7482.
[32]王翔.我国区域生态承载力及其驱动因素的动态研究[D].杭州:浙江工商大学,2017.
[33]谢鸿宇,王羚郦,陈贤生.生态足迹评价模型的改进与应用.北京:化学工业出版社,2008:85-120.
[34] Odum H T,Brown M T,Brandt-Williams S. Handbook of Emergy Evaluation Folio 1:Introduction and Global Budget. Gainesville:Center for Environmental Policy,University of Florida,2000:3-5.
[35]方恺.环境足迹的指标分类与整合范式.生态经济,2015,31(7):22-26.
[36]方恺.环境足迹的核算与整合框架——基于生命周期评价的视角.生态学报,2016,36(22):7228-7234.
[37]宫盛男,张玉坤,张睿,郑婕.基于打破“空间互斥性”假设的既有城市生态足迹分析研究.城市发展研究,2018,25(1):7-14.
[38]方恺,董德明,林卓,沈万斌.基于全球净初级生产力的能源足迹计算方法.生态学报,2012,32(9):2900-2909.
[39]方恺,段峥.全球主要国家环境可持续性综合评估——基于碳、水、土地的足迹-边界整合分析.自然资源学报,2015,30(4):539-548.
[40] Galli A,Wiedmann T,Ercin E,Knoblauch D,Ewing B,Giljum S. Integrating ecological,carbon and water footprint into a“Footprint Family”of indicators:definition and role in tracking human pressure on the planet. Ecological Indicators,2012,16:100-112.
[41] Fang K,Heijungs R,de Snoo G R. Theoretical exploration for the combination of the ecological,energy,carbon,and water footprints:overview of a footprint family. Ecological Indicators,2014,36:508-518.
[42] Steen-Olsen K,Weinzettel J,Cranston G,Ercin A E,Hertwich E G. Carbon,land,and water footprint accounts for the European Union:consumption,production,and displacements through international trade. Environmental Science&Technology,2012,46(20):10883-10891.
[43]谢高地,曹淑艳,鲁春霞.中国生态资源承载力研究.北京:科学出版社,2011:80-86.
[44]杨灿,朱玉林.基于能值生态足迹改进模型的湖南省生态赤字研究.中国人口·资源与环境,2016,26(7):37-45.
[45]王俊杰.中国省级生态压力与生态效率综合评价——基于生态足迹方法.当代财经,2016,(8):3-15.
[46]刘某承.中国生态足迹的时间动态与空间格局.北京:化学工业出版社,2014:36-58.
[47]朱玉林.基于能值的湖南农业生态系统可持续发展研究[D].长沙:中南林业科技大学,2010.
[48]杨晶晶.基于能值生态足迹的城市可持续性评价研究——以重庆市为例[D].重庆:重庆大学,2016.
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