真三轴卸载煤爆实验破坏特征演化分析
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摘要
对煤岩体进行真三轴卸载煤爆实验,获得了其临界破坏应力、破坏碎屑分形维数及声发射参数特征,引入处理声发射波形的短时傅里叶变换方法获得时频演化特征,利用离散元颗粒流数值方法对该过程进行模拟揭示其细观损伤机制。研究结果表明:煤爆临界破坏应力状态为28.6 MPa/17.8 MPa/8 MPa,煤爆时刻声发射能量快速释放,能率达到峰值;量测粒径尺寸大于10 mm的喷出碎屑尺寸,按照粒度-数量方法算得的分形维数值为2.04;声发射时频特性在煤岩体煤爆实验过程中经历了由单峰低幅低频向双峰高频演化再过渡到单峰高幅高频,最后变为多峰高幅低频的过程,预示着破裂源由单一小尺度不断向复杂大尺度演化的损伤机制;通过颗粒流软件对煤爆过程进行模拟,发现煤岩模型试件内部主要存在张拉损伤,而随着模型加卸载不断进行,剪切破裂逐级增多,与声发射时频特性相吻合。
True traxial unloading test was performed on coal sample and then the critical failure strength for coal burst and fragment fractal dimension as well as acoustic emission( AE) parameters evolution were determined. Using short-time Fourier transform( STFT) method to process AE wave,we can obtain its time frequency feature. Finally,coal burst process was mimicked by particle flow code( PFC) to reveal its mesoscopic damage mechanism. The main research results are as follows: critical burst failure stress state is 28.6 MPa/17.8 MPa/8 MPa,AE energy release quickly at burst time and energy ratio reaches its peak value,the fractal dimension of ejected fragments with dimension larger than 10 mm is about 2.04 using particle size-quantity method. AE time frequency evolution has a transition from unimodal wave with lower amplitude and frequency to bimodal wave with higher frequency and then back to unimodal wave with higher amplitude and frequency and at last multimodal wave with higher amplitude and lower frequency,indicating the damage evolution from single damage source in small scale to complex damage source in large scale. PFC 2 D can better simulate coal burst process and reflect the whole meso damage process of coal sample. It can be seen that tensile fracture mode mainly exists in coal sample during burst whereas shear fracture increases as the experiment proceeding,which agrees with the AE time frequency feature.
True traxial unloading test was performed on coal sample and then the critical failure strength for coal burst and fragment fractal dimension as well as acoustic emission( AE) parameters evolution were determined. Using short-time Fourier transform( STFT) method to process AE wave,we can obtain its time frequency feature. Finally,coal burst process was mimicked by particle flow code( PFC) to reveal its mesoscopic damage mechanism. The main research results are as follows: critical burst failure stress state is 28.6 MPa/17.8 MPa/8 MPa,AE energy release quickly at burst time and energy ratio reaches its peak value,the fractal dimension of ejected fragments with dimension larger than 10 mm is about 2.04 using particle size-quantity method. AE time frequency evolution has a transition from unimodal wave with lower amplitude and frequency to bimodal wave with higher frequency and then back to unimodal wave with higher amplitude and frequency and at last multimodal wave with higher amplitude and lower frequency,indicating the damage evolution from single damage source in small scale to complex damage source in large scale. PFC 2 D can better simulate coal burst process and reflect the whole meso damage process of coal sample. It can be seen that tensile fracture mode mainly exists in coal sample during burst whereas shear fracture increases as the experiment proceeding,which agrees with the AE time frequency feature.
引文
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[21]张艳博,梁鹏,刘祥鑫,等.饱水对花岗岩声发射平静期影响的实验研究.地下空间与工程学报,2017,13(3):598-605.(Zhang Yanbo,Liang Peng,Liu Xiangxin,et al.Experimental study on the effect of acoustic emission quiet period of granite with watersaturated[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Enigineering,2017,13(3):598-605.(in Chinese))
[22]李志成,刘建锋,边宇,等.三轴循环加卸载过程中盐岩声发射演化特征分析[J].地下空间与工程学报,2017,13(6):1566-1572.(Li Zhicheng,Liu Jianfeng,Bian Yu,et al.Characteristic analysis on rock salt acoustic emission evaluation in the triaxial loading and unloading process[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Enigineering,2017,13(6):1566-1572.(in Chinese))
[23]程骋.应变岩爆的岩体刚度效应研究[D].北京:中国矿业大学(北京),2013.(Cheng Cheng.Study on the stiffness effect of rock mass in strain rock burst[D].Beijing:China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing),2013.(in Chinese))
[2]Bagde M N,Petro2 V.Fatigue properties of intact sandstone samples subjected to dynamic uniaxial cyclical loading[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2005,42(2):237-250.
[3]Cheon D S,Keon S,Park C,et al.An experimental study on the brittle failure under true triaxial conditions[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2006,21(3-4):448-449.
[4]Alexeev A D,Revva V N,Alyshev N A,et al.True triaxial loading apparatus and its application to coal outburst prediction[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2004,58(4):245-250.
[5]陈景涛,冯夏庭.高地应力下岩石的真三轴试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(8):1537-1543.(Chen Jingtao,Feng Xiating.True triaxial experimental study on rock with high geostress[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(8):1537-1543.(in Chinese))
[6]Wang T J A.,Park H D.Comprehensive prediction of rockburst based on analysis of strain energy in rocks[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2001,16(1):49-57.
[7]Bagde M N,Petorsa V.Fatigue properties of intact and stone samples subjected to dynamic uniaxial cyclical loading[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2005,42(2):237-250.
[8]谷明成,何发亮,陈成宗.秦岭隧道岩爆的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(9):1324-1329.(Gu Mingcheng,He Faliang,Chen Chengzong.Study on the rockburst in Qinling tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(9):1324-1329.(in Chinese))
[9]徐林生.卸荷状态下岩爆岩石力学试验[J].重庆交通学院学报,2003,22(1):1-4.(Xu Linsheng.Research on the experimental rock mechanics of rockburst under unloading condition[J].Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong Institute,2003,22(1):1-4.(in Chinese))
[10]Burgert W,Lippmann H.Models of translatory rock bursting in coal[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and Geomechanics Abstracts.1981,18(4):285-294.
[11]杨淑清,张忠亭,陆家佑,等.隧洞岩爆机制物理模型试验研究[A]//第二届全国岩石力学数值计算与模型实验学术研讨会论文集[C].1990:598-606.(Yang Shuqing,Zhang Zhongting,Lu Jiayou,et.al.An Experimental Study on Rockburst Mechanism around Tunnels by Physical Simulation[A]//Proceedings of the second National Symposium on Numerical Calculation and Model Experiments of Rock Mechanics[C].1990:598-606.(in Chinese))
[12]潘一山,章梦涛.地下硐室岩爆的相似材料模拟试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,1997,19(4):49-56.(Pan Yishan,Zhang Mengtao.Study on rockburst by equivalent material simulation tests[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1997,19(4):49-56.(in Chinese))
[13]He M C.Rock mechanics and hazard control in deep mining engineering in China[A]//Proceedings of the4th Asian Rock Mechanics Symposium[C].Singapore:World Scientific Publishing Co.Ltd.2006:29-46.
[14]何满潮,苗金丽,李德建,等.深部花岗岩试样岩爆过程实验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(5):865-876.(He Manchao,Miao Jinli,Li Dejian,et al.Experimental study on rockburst processes of granite specimen at great depth[J].Chinese journal of rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(5):865-876.(in Chinese))
[15]张银平.岩体声发射与微震监测定位技术及其应用[J].工程爆破,2004,8(1):58-61.(Zhang Yinping.Rock mass acoustic emission and micro seismic monitoring and localizing technology and its application[J].Engineering Blasting,2004,8(1):58-61.(in Chinese))
[16]王利,高谦.岩石块度的分形演化模型及其应用[J].煤炭学报,2007,32(11):1170-1174.(Wang Li,Gao Qian.Fragmentation predicition of rock based on damage energy dissipation[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2007,32(11):1170-1174.(in Chinese))
[17]李元辉,刘建坡,赵兴东,等.岩石破裂过程中的声发射b值及分形特征研究[J].岩土力学,2009,30(9):2559-2563.(Li Yuanhui,Liu Jianpo,Zhao Xingdong,et al.Study on b-value and fractal dimension of acoustic emission during rock failure process[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(9):2559-2563.(in Chinese))
[18]李守巨,李德,武力,等.非均质岩石单轴压缩试验破坏过程细观模拟及分形特性[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(5):849-854.(Li Shouju,Li De,Wu Li,et al.Meso-simulation and fractal characteristics for uniaxial compression test of inhomogeneous rock[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(5):849-854.(in Chinese))
[19]葛修润,任建喜.岩土损伤力学宏细观试验研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.(Ge Xiurun,Ren Jianxi.Macro and meso study of rock and soil damage mechanics[M].Beijing:Science Press,2004.(in Chinese))
[20]苗金丽.岩爆的能量特征实验分析[D].北京:中国矿业大学(北京),2009.(Miao Jinli.Experimental analysis on the energy characteristics of rockburst[D].Beijing:China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing),2009.(in Chinese))
[21]张艳博,梁鹏,刘祥鑫,等.饱水对花岗岩声发射平静期影响的实验研究.地下空间与工程学报,2017,13(3):598-605.(Zhang Yanbo,Liang Peng,Liu Xiangxin,et al.Experimental study on the effect of acoustic emission quiet period of granite with watersaturated[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Enigineering,2017,13(3):598-605.(in Chinese))
[22]李志成,刘建锋,边宇,等.三轴循环加卸载过程中盐岩声发射演化特征分析[J].地下空间与工程学报,2017,13(6):1566-1572.(Li Zhicheng,Liu Jianfeng,Bian Yu,et al.Characteristic analysis on rock salt acoustic emission evaluation in the triaxial loading and unloading process[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Enigineering,2017,13(6):1566-1572.(in Chinese))
[23]程骋.应变岩爆的岩体刚度效应研究[D].北京:中国矿业大学(北京),2013.(Cheng Cheng.Study on the stiffness effect of rock mass in strain rock burst[D].Beijing:China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing),2013.(in Chinese))
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