种植密度对封闭式槽培黄瓜产量、品质及光合作用的影响
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摘要
以"中农26"黄瓜为试材,采用封闭式槽培循环供液系统,设定低密度33 330株·hm~(-2)(T1)、中密度49 995株·hm~(-2)(T2)与高密度66 660株·hm~(-2)(T3)3个种植密度处理,通过测定黄瓜株高、叶片数、最大叶面积和叶片的净光合速率、叶绿素含量等光合指标,结合叶片显微结构、叶片衰老速度及叶面积指数等分析,比较了不同种植密度对黄瓜生长、果实产量和品质以及光合特性的影响,并筛选出适宜的种植密度,以期为黄瓜封闭式无土栽培提供参考。结果表明:随密度增加,黄瓜的株高、最大叶面积及产量增高,而果实可溶性糖、可溶性固形物含量及单株产量降低。与T3处理相比,T2处理叶片叶绿素含量及群体光合速率较高,栅栏组织较为发达,表现了较强的自我调节能力;T2处理果实的果形指数、含水量、维生素C、可溶性糖及可溶性蛋白质含量较高,可滴定酸含量较低,且T2与T1处理差异不显著。T3处理提高了黄瓜总产量,但果实单株产量与品质显著低于T1、T2处理。综上,中密度49 995株·hm~(-2)处理的叶片结构较好,植株上下层叶片光合能力强,能提高黄瓜产量与品质。
Cucumber variety of ‘Zhongnong 26' was used as experimental materials,with the system of enclosed circulation trough culture,the differences among different levels of planting densities treatment were investigated at 33 330 plants·hm~(-2)(T1),49 995 plants·hm~(-2)(T2) and 66 660 plants·hm~(-2)(T3).In order to select the suitable planting density and provide theoretical guidance of cucumber in enclosed trough culture,so we measured the plant height,leaf number,maximum leaf area,net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content of cucumber leaves.And also made a comprehensive analysis after combined with the leaf microstructure,leaf senescence rate and leaf area index.The results showed that the plant height,the maximum leaf area and yield of cucumbers increased with the increase of plant densities,while the contents of soluble sugar,soluble solids,and yield of per plant decreased.Compared with T3,T2 had higher chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate in leaves,more developed palisade tissue and stronger self-regulation ability.The water content,vitamin C content,soluble protein content and fruit shape index of fruit were higher,which the content of tiratable acid was lower,there was no significant difference between T1 and T2.T3 increased the total yield of cucumber,but the yield of per plant and quality of fruit were significantly lower than T1 and T2.To sum up,the leaf structure of the medium density(49 995 plants·hm~(-2)) treatment was better and the leaf photosynthetic capacity of the plants populations was strong,and the yield and quality of cucumber were improved.
Cucumber variety of ‘Zhongnong 26' was used as experimental materials,with the system of enclosed circulation trough culture,the differences among different levels of planting densities treatment were investigated at 33 330 plants·hm~(-2)(T1),49 995 plants·hm~(-2)(T2) and 66 660 plants·hm~(-2)(T3).In order to select the suitable planting density and provide theoretical guidance of cucumber in enclosed trough culture,so we measured the plant height,leaf number,maximum leaf area,net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content of cucumber leaves.And also made a comprehensive analysis after combined with the leaf microstructure,leaf senescence rate and leaf area index.The results showed that the plant height,the maximum leaf area and yield of cucumbers increased with the increase of plant densities,while the contents of soluble sugar,soluble solids,and yield of per plant decreased.Compared with T3,T2 had higher chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate in leaves,more developed palisade tissue and stronger self-regulation ability.The water content,vitamin C content,soluble protein content and fruit shape index of fruit were higher,which the content of tiratable acid was lower,there was no significant difference between T1 and T2.T3 increased the total yield of cucumber,but the yield of per plant and quality of fruit were significantly lower than T1 and T2.To sum up,the leaf structure of the medium density(49 995 plants·hm~(-2)) treatment was better and the leaf photosynthetic capacity of the plants populations was strong,and the yield and quality of cucumber were improved.
引文
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[21] 陈秀娟,糜林,章镇,等.栽培密度对草莓产量和品质的影响[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(19):296-300.
[22] 石小红,田丰,张永成,等.不同施肥量和密度对马铃薯叶片叶绿素含量的影响[J].青海大学学报(自然科学版),2009,27(6):56-60.
[23] 孙建磊,王崇启,肖守华,等.弱光对黄瓜幼苗光合特性及Rubisco酶的影响[J].核农学报,2017,31(6):1200-1209.
[24] BORRAS L,MADDONNI G A,OTEGUI M E.Leaf senescence in maize hybrids:Plant population,row spacing and kernel set effects[J].Field Crops Research,2003,82(1):13-26.
[25] 唐建华,张卫建,王延波,等.密度对耐密性不同玉米品种群体冠层结构的影响[J].作物杂志,2013(2):126-130.
[26] 朱从桦,张嘉莉,王兴龙,等.硅磷配施对低磷土壤春玉米干物质积累、分配及产量的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2016,24(6):725-735.
[27] EVANS J R.Nitrogen and photosynthesis in the flag leaf of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)[J].Plant Physiology,1983,72(2):297-302.
[28] SCHANSKER G,SRIVASTAVA A,STRASSER R J.Characterization of the 820-nm transmission signal paralleling the chlorophyll a fluorescence rise (OJIP) in pea leaves[J].Functional Plant Biology,2003,30(7):785-796.
[29] AND G D F,SHARKEY T D.Stomatal conductance and photosynthesis[J].Annu Rev Plant Physiol,1982,33(33):317-345.
[30] 沈杰,王昌全,何玉亭,等.合理密植对不同株型烤烟冠层结构及光合生产特性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2018,24(5):1-12.
[2] 万军.国内外无土栽培技术现状及发展趋势[J].科技创新导报,2011(3):11.
[3] 郭世荣,孙锦,束胜,等.国外设施园艺发展概况、特点及趋势分析[J].南京农业大学学报,2012,35(5):43-52.
[4] 代旭峰,王国强,刘志斋,等.不同密度下不同行距对玉米光合及产量的影响[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2013,35(3):15-21.
[5] 刘伟,吕鹏,苏凯,等.种植密度对夏玉米产量和源库特性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(7):1737-1743.
[6] 马兆惠,车仁君,王海英,等.种植密度和种植方式对超高产大豆根系形态和活力的影响[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(6)1084-1094.
[7] 李树庭.密度和氮肥对设施袋培番茄生长、产量和品质的影响[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2016.
[8] 郑回勇,严雨洁,许静,等.不同栽培密度对水培上海青产量的影响[J].亚热带植物科学,2017,46(3):281-284.
[9] 许耀照,吕彪,王勤礼,等.密度和整枝方式对有机生态型无土栽培辣椒商品性及产量的影响[J].北方园艺,2013(5):1-3.
[10] 陆海洋.基于植物工厂的不结球白菜栽培关键技术探讨[D].南京:南京农业大学,2015.
[11] 郭世荣.无土栽培学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2011.
[12] 蔡庆生.植物生理学实验[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2013:166-168.
[13] 李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1998.
[14] 赵世杰.史国安.董新纯.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2002.
[15] 许大全,徐宝基,沈允钢.C3植物光合效率的日变化[J].植物生理学报,1990(1):3-7.
[16] 何冬冬,杨恒山,张玉芹.扩行距、缩株距对春玉米冠层结构及产量的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2018,26(3):397-408.
[17] 李和平.植物显微技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2009:56-113.
[18] SHARRATT B S,MCWILLIAMS D A.Microclimatic and rooting characteristics of narrow-row versus conventional-row corn[J].Agronomy Journal,2005,97(4):1129-1135.
[19] STEWART D W,COSTA C,DWYER L M,et al.Canopy structure,light interception,and photosynthesis in maize[J].Agronomy Journal,2003,95(6):1465-1474.
[20] 李树庭.密度和氮肥对设施袋培番茄生长、产量和品质的影响[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2016.
[21] 陈秀娟,糜林,章镇,等.栽培密度对草莓产量和品质的影响[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(19):296-300.
[22] 石小红,田丰,张永成,等.不同施肥量和密度对马铃薯叶片叶绿素含量的影响[J].青海大学学报(自然科学版),2009,27(6):56-60.
[23] 孙建磊,王崇启,肖守华,等.弱光对黄瓜幼苗光合特性及Rubisco酶的影响[J].核农学报,2017,31(6):1200-1209.
[24] BORRAS L,MADDONNI G A,OTEGUI M E.Leaf senescence in maize hybrids:Plant population,row spacing and kernel set effects[J].Field Crops Research,2003,82(1):13-26.
[25] 唐建华,张卫建,王延波,等.密度对耐密性不同玉米品种群体冠层结构的影响[J].作物杂志,2013(2):126-130.
[26] 朱从桦,张嘉莉,王兴龙,等.硅磷配施对低磷土壤春玉米干物质积累、分配及产量的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2016,24(6):725-735.
[27] EVANS J R.Nitrogen and photosynthesis in the flag leaf of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)[J].Plant Physiology,1983,72(2):297-302.
[28] SCHANSKER G,SRIVASTAVA A,STRASSER R J.Characterization of the 820-nm transmission signal paralleling the chlorophyll a fluorescence rise (OJIP) in pea leaves[J].Functional Plant Biology,2003,30(7):785-796.
[29] AND G D F,SHARKEY T D.Stomatal conductance and photosynthesis[J].Annu Rev Plant Physiol,1982,33(33):317-345.
[30] 沈杰,王昌全,何玉亭,等.合理密植对不同株型烤烟冠层结构及光合生产特性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2018,24(5):1-12.
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