城市森林降温效应影响因素研究进展
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摘要
城市森林是缓解城市热岛效应的重要绿色基础设施。本文探讨影响城市森林降温效应的内、外因素及作用机制,为优化城市森林结构、缓解城市热岛效应提供参考。影响城市森林降温效应的内部因素从单木尺度上主要有树种、树冠结构和树冠形状,从林分尺度上主要有林分类型、林分结构、绿量、林分面积和形状,城区尺度主要应用遥感方法对城市森林降温效应进行研究,主要指标有归一化植被指数、叶面积指数和景观格局指数;影响城市森林降温效应的外部因素有气候、地面类型和经营措施等;内部因素及外部因素通过影响林内外能量的流动和交换,共同影响城市森林降温效应。缓解城市热岛效应,一方面要加强理论研究,重视温度场理论,结合地面观测与遥感解译,充分研究林分结构与城市森林能量传输的关系,另一方面需加强城市森林的经营管理,从促进热量交换的角度优化林分结构,合理布局城市建筑、森林和水体等基础设施,实现降温效应最大化。
Urban forest is an important green infrastructure alleviating urban heat island. This study was aimed to explore the internal and external factors influcening the cooling impacts of urban forest and to understand the mechanisms of such influence. It provides an scientific basis for optimization of urban forest structure and alleviation of the effects of urban heat island. The internal factors that affect urban forest cooling effect at individual tree scale were tree species,canopy structure and crown shape,while at stand scale,the factors mainly contained forest type,forest structure,green biomass and shape and size of the stand,moreover,the cooling effect of urban forest was studied mainly by remote sensing method at urban scale,and the representative indices included NDVI,LAI and landscape ecological indicators. In addition,the external factors that affected the cooling effect of urban forest included non-biological factors such as climate and ground types,as well as forest management. The internal and external factors affected the cooling effect of urban forest jointly by affecting the flow and exchange of energy inside and outside the forest. To alleviate the effect of urban heat island,on the one hand,it is necessary to strengthen theoretical research,attach importance to the theory of temperature field,and study the relationship between stand structure and energy transmission in urban forest by combining ground observation and remote sensing. On the other hand,it is important to strengthen the management of urban forests,optimize the stand structure from the perspective of promoting heat exchange,and rationally match buildings,forests and water to maximize the cooling effect.
Urban forest is an important green infrastructure alleviating urban heat island. This study was aimed to explore the internal and external factors influcening the cooling impacts of urban forest and to understand the mechanisms of such influence. It provides an scientific basis for optimization of urban forest structure and alleviation of the effects of urban heat island. The internal factors that affect urban forest cooling effect at individual tree scale were tree species,canopy structure and crown shape,while at stand scale,the factors mainly contained forest type,forest structure,green biomass and shape and size of the stand,moreover,the cooling effect of urban forest was studied mainly by remote sensing method at urban scale,and the representative indices included NDVI,LAI and landscape ecological indicators. In addition,the external factors that affected the cooling effect of urban forest included non-biological factors such as climate and ground types,as well as forest management. The internal and external factors affected the cooling effect of urban forest jointly by affecting the flow and exchange of energy inside and outside the forest. To alleviate the effect of urban heat island,on the one hand,it is necessary to strengthen theoretical research,attach importance to the theory of temperature field,and study the relationship between stand structure and energy transmission in urban forest by combining ground observation and remote sensing. On the other hand,it is important to strengthen the management of urban forests,optimize the stand structure from the perspective of promoting heat exchange,and rationally match buildings,forests and water to maximize the cooling effect.
引文
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