半干旱地区蒸散发时间尺度扩展方法对比分析
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摘要
蒸散发量(ET,evapotranspiration)的时间尺度扩展是遥感反演区域ET的关键。为评价由瞬时潜热通量经时间尺度扩展方法计算日蒸散发量的可靠性,利用美国西南部半干旱地区的Walnut Gulch实验流域草地站点的波文比系统实测数据,分析评价蒸发比法、简化蒸发比法、作物系数法、简化参考作物系数法、正弦关系法、冠层阻力法和修正冠层阻力法共7种蒸散发时间尺度扩展方法的估计效果,统计结果显示,7种蒸散发时间尺度扩展方法总体趋势具有一致性,存在着一定的规律性,采用10:00～14:30的瞬时值估计较为接近实测蒸发值。正弦法、简化参考作物系数法及简化的蒸发比法的模拟精度较高(相对均方根误差在20%左右),比较适合于估算半干旱地区的日蒸散发量。对具有相近气象、气候、下垫面条件和空间尺度数据且具有充足气象观测资料的地区,推荐采用基于简化作物系数的时间尺度扩展方法开展从小时到日的ET时间尺度扩展,对于缺少气象观测资料的类似地区,推荐采用正弦法和简化的蒸发比法进行时间尺度扩展。
Evapotranspiration(ET) temporal scale expansion methods play an important role in ET remote sensing. This study aimed to compare and assess the accuracy of seven temporal scale expansion methods. Based on the measured data of the observed flux site located in the Walnut experimental basin in the southwestern United States, it analyzed the estimation effect of seven methods: evaluation of the constant evaporative fraction method, the simplified evaporation fraction method, crop coefficient method, simplified crop coefficient method, sinusoidal relation method, canopy resistance method and modified canopy resistance method. The results show that the 7 methods are consistent in the overall trend, and the simulation precision of the revised crop coefficient method, simplified crop coefficient method and the simplified evaporation fraction method(relative root mean square error is about 20 %) are much higher, which are suitable to estimate the daily evapotranspiration in semi-arid areas. For the areas with similar climate, meteorological conditions, underlying surface conditions, spatial scale data and with enough meteorological observation data, the temporal scale expansion method based on the improved crop coefficient is recommended to extend the time scale from the hour to the day. For the similar areas without meteorological observation data, the sinusoidal method and simplified evaporation fraction method are recommended for temporal scale expansion.
Evapotranspiration(ET) temporal scale expansion methods play an important role in ET remote sensing. This study aimed to compare and assess the accuracy of seven temporal scale expansion methods. Based on the measured data of the observed flux site located in the Walnut experimental basin in the southwestern United States, it analyzed the estimation effect of seven methods: evaluation of the constant evaporative fraction method, the simplified evaporation fraction method, crop coefficient method, simplified crop coefficient method, sinusoidal relation method, canopy resistance method and modified canopy resistance method. The results show that the 7 methods are consistent in the overall trend, and the simulation precision of the revised crop coefficient method, simplified crop coefficient method and the simplified evaporation fraction method(relative root mean square error is about 20 %) are much higher, which are suitable to estimate the daily evapotranspiration in semi-arid areas. For the areas with similar climate, meteorological conditions, underlying surface conditions, spatial scale data and with enough meteorological observation data, the temporal scale expansion method based on the improved crop coefficient is recommended to extend the time scale from the hour to the day. For the similar areas without meteorological observation data, the sinusoidal method and simplified evaporation fraction method are recommended for temporal scale expansion.
引文
[1] Li Z L. A review of current methodologies for regional evapotranspiration estimation from remotely sensed data[J]. Sensors,2009,9(5):3801.
[2] Hoedjes J C B, Chehbouni A, Jacob F, et al. Deriving daily evapotranspiration from remotely sensed instantaneous evaporative fraction over olive orchard in semi-arid Morocco[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2008,354(1-4):53-64.
[3] Jackson R D, Reginato R J, Idso S B. Wheat canopy temperature:A practical tool for evaluating water requirements[J]. Water Resources Research, 1977,13(3):651-656.
[4] Jackson R D, Hatfield J L, Reginato R J, et al. Estimation of daily evapotranspiration from one time-of-day measurements[J].Agricultural Water Management, 1983,7(1-3):351-362.
[5] Kustas W P, Schmugge T J, Humes K S, et al. Relationships between evaporative fraction and femotely sensed vegetation index and microwave brightness temperature for semiarid rangelands[J].Journal of Applied Meteorology, 1993,32(1993):1781-1790.
[6] Shuttleworth W J,Gurney R J,Hsu A Y,et al. FIFE:the variation in energy partition at surface flux sites[A]. Remote Sensing and Large-Scale Global Processes[C]. IAHS Publication,1989.
[7] Allen R G. Crop evapotranspiration-guidelines for computing crop water requirements[J]. Fao Irrigation&Drainage Paper, 1998,56.
[8] Zhang L, Lemeur R. Evaluation of daily evap otranspiration estimates from instantaneous measurements[J]. Agricultural&Forest Meteorology, 1995,74(1-2):139-154.
[9] Chehbouni A, Joostcb H, Juliocesar R, et al. Using remotely sensed data to estimate area-averaged daily surface fluxes over a semiarid mixed agricultural land[J]. Agricultural&Forest Meteorology,2008,148(3):330-342.
[10] Alves I, Perrier A, Pereira L S. Aerodynamic and surface resistances of complete cover crops:how good is the"big leaf"[J].Transactions of the Asae, 1998,41(2):345-351.
[11] Colaizzi P D,Evett S R,Howell T A,et al.Comparison of five models to scale daily evapotranspiration from one-time-of-day measurements[J]. Transactions of the Asabe, 2006,49(5):1409-1417.
[12]刘国水,刘钰,许迪.基于涡度相关仪的蒸散量时间尺度扩展方法比较分析[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(6):7-12.(LIU Guoshui,LIU Yu,XU Di. Investigation on performance of evapotranspiration temporal upscaling methods based on eddy covariance measurements[J].Transactions of the CSAE, 2011,27(6):7-12.(in Chinese))
[13]陈鹤,杨大文,吕华芳.不同作物类型下蒸散发时间尺度扩展方法对比[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(6):73-81.(CHEN He, YANG Dawen,LV Huafang. Comparison of temporal extrapolation methods for evapotranspiration over variant underlying croplands[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE), 2013,29(6):73-81.(in Chinese))
[14]夏浩铭,李爱农,赵伟,等.遥感反演蒸散发时间尺度拓展方法研究进展[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(24):162-173.(XIA Haoming, LI Ainong, ZHAO Wei, et al. Review of temporal scale expansion for evapotranspiration retrieved by remote sensing data[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2015,31(24):162-173.(in Chinese))
[15] Barr A G, King K M, Gillespie T J, et al. A comparison of Bowen ratio and eddy correlation sensible and latent heat flux measurements above de ciduous forest[J]. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 1994,71(1):21-41.
[16] Ohmura A. Objective criteria for rejecting data for Bowen ratio flux calculations[J].Journal of Applied Meteorology,1982,21(21):595-598.
[17] Chemin Y,Alexandridis T. Improving Spatial Resolution of ET Seasonal for Irrigated Rice in Zhanghe, China[A]. 22nd AsianConference on Remote Sensing, 2001:5.
[18]王春梅,王鹏新,朱向明,等.区域蒸散和表层土壤含水率遥感模拟及影响因子[J].农业工程学报,2008,24(10):127-133.(WANG Chunmei, WANG Pengxin, ZHU Xiangming, et al. Estimations of evapotranspiration and surface soil moisture based on remote sensing data and influence factors[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2008,24(10):127-133.(in Chinese))
[19] Brutsaert W,Sugita M.Application of self-preservation in the diurnal evolution of the surface energy budget to determine daily evaporation[J].Journal of Geophysical Research, 1992,97(D17):99-104.
[20] Allen R G, Tasumi M, Trezza R. Satellite-based energy balance for mapping evapotranspiration with internalized calibration(METRIC)-model[J]. Journal of Irrigation&Drainage Engineering,2007,133(4):380-394.
[21] Allen R G, Tasumi M, Morse A, et al. A landsat-based energy balance and evapotranspiration model in Western US water rights regulation and planning[J]. Irrigation&Drainage Systems,2005,19(3-4):251-268.
[22] Virgini V, Shafiqul I, Leticia R. Estimation of evaporative fraction and evapotranspiration from MODIS products using a complementary based model[J]. Remote Sensing of Environment,2008,112(1):132-141.
[23] Duan Z, Bastiaanssen W G M. Estimating water volume variations in lakes and reservoirs from four operational satellite altimetry databases and satellite imagery data[J]. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2013,134(5):403-416.
[24]谢贤群.遥感瞬时作物表面温度估算农田全日蒸散总量[J].环境遥感, 1991,(4):253-260.(XIE Xianqun. Estimation of daily evapotranspiration from one time-of-day remotely sensed canopy temporature[J].Remote Sensing of Environment China, 1991,(4):253-260.(in Chinese))
[25] Brasa-Ramos A, Olalla F M D S, Caselles V, et al. Comparison of evapotranspiration estimates by NOAA-AVHRR images and aircraft flux measurements in a semiarid region of Spain[J].Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 1998,70(3):285-294.
[26] Caselles V, Delegido J, Sobrino J A, et al. Evaluation of the maximum evapotranspiration over the La Mancha region, Spain,using NOAA AVHRR data[J]. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 1992,13(5):939-946.
[27] Hurtado E, Artigao M M, Caselles V. Estimating Maize(Zea mays)evapotranspiration from NOAA-AVHRR thermal data in the Albacete area, Spain[J]. International Journal of Remote Sensing,1994,15(10):2023-2037.
[28] Chávez J L, Neale C M U, Prueger J H, et al. Daily evapotranspiration estimates from extrapolating instantaneous airborne remote sensing ET values[J]. Irrigation Science, 2008,27(1):67-81.
[29] Farah H O, Bastiaanssen W G M, Feddes R A. Evaluation of the temporal variability of the evaporative fraction in a tropical watershed[J]. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation&Geoinformation, 2004,5(2):129-140.
[30]胡继超,张佳宝,赵炳梓,等.冬小麦冠层阻力日变化的估算[J].灌溉排水学报,2005,24(2):1-4.(HU Jichao, ZHANG Jiabao, ZHAO Bingzi, et al. Estimating diurnal variation of winter wheat canopy resistance at different growth stages[J]. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, 2005,24(2):1-4.(in Chinese))
[31] Liu G, Liu Y,Xu D. Comparison of evapo transpiration temporal scaling methods based on lysimeter measurements[J]. Journal ofRemote Sensing, 2011.
[32] Malek E, Bingham G E, Mccurdy G D. Continuous measurement of aerodynamic and alfalfa canopy resistances using the Bowen ratio-energy balance and Penman-Monteith methods[J]. BoundaryLayer Meteorology, 1992,59(1-2):187-194.
[33] Choudhury B J, Reginato R J, Idso S B. An analysis of infrared temperature observations over wheat and calculation of latent heat flux[J]. Agricultural&Forest Meteorology, 1986,37(1):75-88.
[2] Hoedjes J C B, Chehbouni A, Jacob F, et al. Deriving daily evapotranspiration from remotely sensed instantaneous evaporative fraction over olive orchard in semi-arid Morocco[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2008,354(1-4):53-64.
[3] Jackson R D, Reginato R J, Idso S B. Wheat canopy temperature:A practical tool for evaluating water requirements[J]. Water Resources Research, 1977,13(3):651-656.
[4] Jackson R D, Hatfield J L, Reginato R J, et al. Estimation of daily evapotranspiration from one time-of-day measurements[J].Agricultural Water Management, 1983,7(1-3):351-362.
[5] Kustas W P, Schmugge T J, Humes K S, et al. Relationships between evaporative fraction and femotely sensed vegetation index and microwave brightness temperature for semiarid rangelands[J].Journal of Applied Meteorology, 1993,32(1993):1781-1790.
[6] Shuttleworth W J,Gurney R J,Hsu A Y,et al. FIFE:the variation in energy partition at surface flux sites[A]. Remote Sensing and Large-Scale Global Processes[C]. IAHS Publication,1989.
[7] Allen R G. Crop evapotranspiration-guidelines for computing crop water requirements[J]. Fao Irrigation&Drainage Paper, 1998,56.
[8] Zhang L, Lemeur R. Evaluation of daily evap otranspiration estimates from instantaneous measurements[J]. Agricultural&Forest Meteorology, 1995,74(1-2):139-154.
[9] Chehbouni A, Joostcb H, Juliocesar R, et al. Using remotely sensed data to estimate area-averaged daily surface fluxes over a semiarid mixed agricultural land[J]. Agricultural&Forest Meteorology,2008,148(3):330-342.
[10] Alves I, Perrier A, Pereira L S. Aerodynamic and surface resistances of complete cover crops:how good is the"big leaf"[J].Transactions of the Asae, 1998,41(2):345-351.
[11] Colaizzi P D,Evett S R,Howell T A,et al.Comparison of five models to scale daily evapotranspiration from one-time-of-day measurements[J]. Transactions of the Asabe, 2006,49(5):1409-1417.
[12]刘国水,刘钰,许迪.基于涡度相关仪的蒸散量时间尺度扩展方法比较分析[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(6):7-12.(LIU Guoshui,LIU Yu,XU Di. Investigation on performance of evapotranspiration temporal upscaling methods based on eddy covariance measurements[J].Transactions of the CSAE, 2011,27(6):7-12.(in Chinese))
[13]陈鹤,杨大文,吕华芳.不同作物类型下蒸散发时间尺度扩展方法对比[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(6):73-81.(CHEN He, YANG Dawen,LV Huafang. Comparison of temporal extrapolation methods for evapotranspiration over variant underlying croplands[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE), 2013,29(6):73-81.(in Chinese))
[14]夏浩铭,李爱农,赵伟,等.遥感反演蒸散发时间尺度拓展方法研究进展[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(24):162-173.(XIA Haoming, LI Ainong, ZHAO Wei, et al. Review of temporal scale expansion for evapotranspiration retrieved by remote sensing data[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2015,31(24):162-173.(in Chinese))
[15] Barr A G, King K M, Gillespie T J, et al. A comparison of Bowen ratio and eddy correlation sensible and latent heat flux measurements above de ciduous forest[J]. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 1994,71(1):21-41.
[16] Ohmura A. Objective criteria for rejecting data for Bowen ratio flux calculations[J].Journal of Applied Meteorology,1982,21(21):595-598.
[17] Chemin Y,Alexandridis T. Improving Spatial Resolution of ET Seasonal for Irrigated Rice in Zhanghe, China[A]. 22nd AsianConference on Remote Sensing, 2001:5.
[18]王春梅,王鹏新,朱向明,等.区域蒸散和表层土壤含水率遥感模拟及影响因子[J].农业工程学报,2008,24(10):127-133.(WANG Chunmei, WANG Pengxin, ZHU Xiangming, et al. Estimations of evapotranspiration and surface soil moisture based on remote sensing data and influence factors[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2008,24(10):127-133.(in Chinese))
[19] Brutsaert W,Sugita M.Application of self-preservation in the diurnal evolution of the surface energy budget to determine daily evaporation[J].Journal of Geophysical Research, 1992,97(D17):99-104.
[20] Allen R G, Tasumi M, Trezza R. Satellite-based energy balance for mapping evapotranspiration with internalized calibration(METRIC)-model[J]. Journal of Irrigation&Drainage Engineering,2007,133(4):380-394.
[21] Allen R G, Tasumi M, Morse A, et al. A landsat-based energy balance and evapotranspiration model in Western US water rights regulation and planning[J]. Irrigation&Drainage Systems,2005,19(3-4):251-268.
[22] Virgini V, Shafiqul I, Leticia R. Estimation of evaporative fraction and evapotranspiration from MODIS products using a complementary based model[J]. Remote Sensing of Environment,2008,112(1):132-141.
[23] Duan Z, Bastiaanssen W G M. Estimating water volume variations in lakes and reservoirs from four operational satellite altimetry databases and satellite imagery data[J]. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2013,134(5):403-416.
[24]谢贤群.遥感瞬时作物表面温度估算农田全日蒸散总量[J].环境遥感, 1991,(4):253-260.(XIE Xianqun. Estimation of daily evapotranspiration from one time-of-day remotely sensed canopy temporature[J].Remote Sensing of Environment China, 1991,(4):253-260.(in Chinese))
[25] Brasa-Ramos A, Olalla F M D S, Caselles V, et al. Comparison of evapotranspiration estimates by NOAA-AVHRR images and aircraft flux measurements in a semiarid region of Spain[J].Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 1998,70(3):285-294.
[26] Caselles V, Delegido J, Sobrino J A, et al. Evaluation of the maximum evapotranspiration over the La Mancha region, Spain,using NOAA AVHRR data[J]. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 1992,13(5):939-946.
[27] Hurtado E, Artigao M M, Caselles V. Estimating Maize(Zea mays)evapotranspiration from NOAA-AVHRR thermal data in the Albacete area, Spain[J]. International Journal of Remote Sensing,1994,15(10):2023-2037.
[28] Chávez J L, Neale C M U, Prueger J H, et al. Daily evapotranspiration estimates from extrapolating instantaneous airborne remote sensing ET values[J]. Irrigation Science, 2008,27(1):67-81.
[29] Farah H O, Bastiaanssen W G M, Feddes R A. Evaluation of the temporal variability of the evaporative fraction in a tropical watershed[J]. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation&Geoinformation, 2004,5(2):129-140.
[30]胡继超,张佳宝,赵炳梓,等.冬小麦冠层阻力日变化的估算[J].灌溉排水学报,2005,24(2):1-4.(HU Jichao, ZHANG Jiabao, ZHAO Bingzi, et al. Estimating diurnal variation of winter wheat canopy resistance at different growth stages[J]. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, 2005,24(2):1-4.(in Chinese))
[31] Liu G, Liu Y,Xu D. Comparison of evapo transpiration temporal scaling methods based on lysimeter measurements[J]. Journal ofRemote Sensing, 2011.
[32] Malek E, Bingham G E, Mccurdy G D. Continuous measurement of aerodynamic and alfalfa canopy resistances using the Bowen ratio-energy balance and Penman-Monteith methods[J]. BoundaryLayer Meteorology, 1992,59(1-2):187-194.
[33] Choudhury B J, Reginato R J, Idso S B. An analysis of infrared temperature observations over wheat and calculation of latent heat flux[J]. Agricultural&Forest Meteorology, 1986,37(1):75-88.
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