博斯腾湖流域浅层地下水重金属分布特征
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摘要
从新疆博斯腾湖流域采集67个浅层地下水样品,测定其中Cu、Cd、Cr、Mn、Ni和Zn 6种重金属元素的含量,采用Nemerow综合污染指数对地下水中重金属污染程度进行评价,借助GIS技术与地统计法分析地下水中重金属含量与污染水平空间分布格局。结果表明:①博斯腾湖流域地下水6种重金属元素平均含量均未超出《国家地下水质量标准》(GB/T14848—2017)中Ⅲ类标准的限值;②研究区地下水重金属Cd、Cu、Ni与Zn的最佳变异函数理论模型为指数模型,Mn为球状模型,Cr为高斯模型。地下水中6种重金属元素空间分布格局各不相同,均出现含量高值区;③研究区地下水中Cd呈现中度污染,Ni存在点源污染,其它4种元素均呈现无污染。地下水中重金属元素综合污染指数介于0. 23～2. 22之间,平均值为0. 73,呈现轻微污染。Cd与Ni是研究区地下水中污染最高的元素,研究区地下水Cd与Ni污染值得关注。
A total of 67 shallow groundwater samples were collected in the Bosten Lake Basin,and the contents of six heavy metals including Cu,Cd,Cr,Mn,Ni,and Zn were determined. The pollution levels of the six heavy metals in groundwater were analyzed based on the Nemerrow Pollution Index,the spatial distribution patterns of these heavy metals in groundwater were analyzed based on GIS technology and geostatistical analysis. Results of this research indicated that: ① the average contents of six heavy metals in groundwater did not exceed the third class limits of the "National Groundwater Quality Standard of China"( GB/T 14848-2017);② the best semi-variogram model is the Exponential Model for Cd,Cu,Ni and Zn,is the Spherical Model for Mn,and is the Gauss Model for Cr. The spatial distribution patterns of six heavy metals in groundwater were different,except that high value areas were found for all heavy metals; ③ the average value of the single pollution index for Cd fell into the range of the slightly pollution level,while the average values of the single pollution index for other five elements fell into their ranges of the no-pollution level. The value of the Nemerrow Pollution Index for all heavy metals varied from 0. 23 to 2. 22,with a mean value of 0. 73,which indicated the slightly pollution level. Cd and Ni are the main pollution factors of groundwater of the study area and demand more attentions.
A total of 67 shallow groundwater samples were collected in the Bosten Lake Basin,and the contents of six heavy metals including Cu,Cd,Cr,Mn,Ni,and Zn were determined. The pollution levels of the six heavy metals in groundwater were analyzed based on the Nemerrow Pollution Index,the spatial distribution patterns of these heavy metals in groundwater were analyzed based on GIS technology and geostatistical analysis. Results of this research indicated that: ① the average contents of six heavy metals in groundwater did not exceed the third class limits of the "National Groundwater Quality Standard of China"( GB/T 14848-2017);② the best semi-variogram model is the Exponential Model for Cd,Cu,Ni and Zn,is the Spherical Model for Mn,and is the Gauss Model for Cr. The spatial distribution patterns of six heavy metals in groundwater were different,except that high value areas were found for all heavy metals; ③ the average value of the single pollution index for Cd fell into the range of the slightly pollution level,while the average values of the single pollution index for other five elements fell into their ranges of the no-pollution level. The value of the Nemerrow Pollution Index for all heavy metals varied from 0. 23 to 2. 22,with a mean value of 0. 73,which indicated the slightly pollution level. Cd and Ni are the main pollution factors of groundwater of the study area and demand more attentions.
引文
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[21]马闯,杨军,雷梅,等.北京市再生水灌溉对地下水的重金属污染风险[J].地理研究,2012,31(12):2250-2258.
[22]张妍,李发东,欧阳竹,等.黄河下游引黄灌区地下水重金属分布及健康风险评估[J].环境科学,2013,34(1):121-128.
[23]林曼利,桂和荣,彭位华,等.典型矿区深层地下水重金属含量特征及健康风险评价-以皖北矿区为例[J].地球学报,2014,35(5):589-598.
[24]丁昊天,袁兴中,曾光明,等.基于模糊化的长株潭地区地下水重金属健康风险评价[J].环境科学研究,2009,22(11):1323-1328.
[25]陈云增,李天奇,马建华,等.淮河流域典型癌病高发区土壤和地下水重金属积累及健康风险[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(12):4537-4545.
[26]吴雪丽,杨永亮,汤奇峰,等.沈阳河水、地下水及沉积物中重金属的生态风险评价及来源辨析[J].生态学杂志,2011,30(3):438-447.
[27]王铁军,查雪芳,熊威娜,等.贵州遵义高坪水源地岩溶地下水重金属污染健康风险初步评价[J].环境科学研究,2008,21(1):46-50.
[28]黄冠星,孙继朝,张英,等.珠江三角洲污灌区地下水重金属含量及其相互关系[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2011,41(1):228-234.
[29]杨彦,于云江,魏伟伟,等.常州市浅层地下水重金属污染对城区,城郊居民健康风险评价[J].环境化学,2013,32(2):202-211.
[30]王凡,马建华.河南虞城县惠楼山药种植区地下水重金属含量及健康风险评价[J].安全与环境学报,2011,11(3):138-142.
[31]王曜,林曼利,齐晴晴,等.安徽北部农村地下水重金属健康风险评价[J].地球环境学报,2015,6(1):54-59.
[2]吕书君.我国地下水污染分析[J].地下水,2009,31(1):1-5.
[3]Zhang Y,Li F D,Li J,et al.Spatial distribution,potential sources,and risk assessment of trace metals of groundwater in the North China Plain[J].Human and Ecological Risk Assessment,2015,21(3):726-743.
[4]刘菲,王苏明,陈鸿汉.欧美地下水有机污染调查评价进展[J].地质通报,2010,29(6):907-917.
[5]Chai L Y,Wang Z Y,Wang Y Y,et al.Ingestion risks of metals in groundwater based on TIN model and dose-response assessment-A case study in the Xiangjiang watershed,central-south China[J].Sciences of the Total Environment,2010,408:3118-3124.
[6]曾妍妍,周殷竹,周金龙,等.地下水水文学[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2009.
[7]麦麦提吐尔逊·艾则孜,阿吉古丽·马木提,艾尼瓦尔·买买提.新疆和硕绿洲农田土壤重金属污染及生态风险[J].地球与环境,2018,46(1):66-75.
[8]Wongsasuluk P,Chotpantarat S,Siriwong W,et al.Heavy metal contamination and human health risk assessment in drinking water from shallow groundwater wells in an agricultural area in Ubon Ratchathani province,Thailand[J].Environmental Geochemistry and Health,2014,36:1-14.
[9]朱青青,王中良,等.中国主要水系沉积物中重金属分布特征及来源分析[J].地球与环境,2002,40(3):305-313.
[10]Zhang Y,Li F D,Ouyang Z,et al.Distribution and health risk assessment of heavy metals of ground waters in the irrigation district of the lower reaches of Yellow River[J].Environmental Science,2013,34:121-8.
[11]林曼利,桂和荣,彭位华.徽北部矿区深层地下水重金属含量特征及水质评价[J].安全与环境学报,2014,14(6):266-271.
[12]Chen J Y,Tang C Y,Sakura Y,et al.Nitrate pollution from agriculture in different hydrogeological zones of the regional groundwater flow system in the North China Plain[J].Hydrogeology Journal,2005,13(3):481-492.
[13]张岩,董维红,李满洲,等.河南平原浅层地下水水化学分布特征及其污染成因分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2011,25(5):148-153.
[14]黄冠星,孙继朝,荆继红,等.珠江三角洲地区地下水铁的分布特征及其成因[J].中国地质,2008,35(3):532-538.
[15]麦麦提吐尔逊·艾则孜,阿吉古丽·马木提,艾尼瓦尔·买买提,等.博斯腾湖流域绿洲农田土壤重金属污染及潜在生态风险评价[J].地理学报,2017,72(9):1680-1694.
[16]赵江涛,周金龙,曾妍妍,等.新疆焉耆盆地平原区地下水质量评价与污染成因探讨[J].地球与环境,2015,43(6):628-636.
[17]中华人民共和国卫生部,中国国家标准化管理委员会.生活饮用水标准检验方法金属指标(GB/T 5750.6-2006)[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2006.
[18]Nemerow N L.Stream,lake,estuary,and ocean pollution[M].Van No Strand Reinhold Publishing Co.New York,1985.
[19]国家质量监督检验检疫总局,国家标准化管理委员会.地下水质量标准(GB/T 14848-2017)[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2017.
[20]雷国建,陈志良,刘千钧,等.广州郊区土壤中金属污染程度及潜在生态危害评价[J].中国环境科学,2013,33(S1):49-53.
[21]马闯,杨军,雷梅,等.北京市再生水灌溉对地下水的重金属污染风险[J].地理研究,2012,31(12):2250-2258.
[22]张妍,李发东,欧阳竹,等.黄河下游引黄灌区地下水重金属分布及健康风险评估[J].环境科学,2013,34(1):121-128.
[23]林曼利,桂和荣,彭位华,等.典型矿区深层地下水重金属含量特征及健康风险评价-以皖北矿区为例[J].地球学报,2014,35(5):589-598.
[24]丁昊天,袁兴中,曾光明,等.基于模糊化的长株潭地区地下水重金属健康风险评价[J].环境科学研究,2009,22(11):1323-1328.
[25]陈云增,李天奇,马建华,等.淮河流域典型癌病高发区土壤和地下水重金属积累及健康风险[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(12):4537-4545.
[26]吴雪丽,杨永亮,汤奇峰,等.沈阳河水、地下水及沉积物中重金属的生态风险评价及来源辨析[J].生态学杂志,2011,30(3):438-447.
[27]王铁军,查雪芳,熊威娜,等.贵州遵义高坪水源地岩溶地下水重金属污染健康风险初步评价[J].环境科学研究,2008,21(1):46-50.
[28]黄冠星,孙继朝,张英,等.珠江三角洲污灌区地下水重金属含量及其相互关系[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2011,41(1):228-234.
[29]杨彦,于云江,魏伟伟,等.常州市浅层地下水重金属污染对城区,城郊居民健康风险评价[J].环境化学,2013,32(2):202-211.
[30]王凡,马建华.河南虞城县惠楼山药种植区地下水重金属含量及健康风险评价[J].安全与环境学报,2011,11(3):138-142.
[31]王曜,林曼利,齐晴晴,等.安徽北部农村地下水重金属健康风险评价[J].地球环境学报,2015,6(1):54-59.
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