微生物型育苗垫片对水稻根围土壤微生物多样性的影响
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摘要
[目的]分析微生物型育苗垫片对水稻根围土壤微生物多样性和群落组成的影响,为微生物型育苗垫片的示范应用提供科学参考。[方法]采用水稻秧盘育苗试验,基于常规微生物培养和高通量测序技术测定微生物型垫片育苗对水稻根围土壤微生物种群数量、多样性及群落组成变化。[结果]与普通壮秧剂育苗相比,微生物型垫片育苗的水稻根围土壤细菌数量在出苗后第7 d增加了36. 59%,第14 d和第21 d时降低但差异不显著;放线菌数量分别显著增加了271. 11%、702. 48%和100%;真菌数量在第7 d和第14 d分别降低了127. 05%和740%,第21 d时明显增加了160. 98%。在水稻幼苗根围微生物群落组成中,变形菌门、放线菌门、酸杆菌门和螺旋体菌门为优势细菌,子囊菌门、担子菌门、接合菌门和壶菌门为优势真菌;与对照相比,微生物型育苗垫片组中变形菌门增加,螺旋体菌门和酸杆菌门减少,其中高丰度的假单胞菌属、根瘤菌属、节杆菌属、克雷伯氏菌属等根围促生菌均为水稻幼苗根围优势菌;真菌的子囊菌门增加,担子菌门、接合菌门和壶菌门减少,后期子囊菌门成为单一优势菌,该门的腐质霉属、假裸囊菌属和接合菌门的被孢霉属菌为优势菌。[结论]微生物型垫片育苗在水稻幼苗前期可提高土壤细菌的丰富度,后期降低土壤真菌的丰富度和多样性,具有改善水稻幼苗根围微生态环境的作用。
[Objective]To provide basis for the demonstration and application of microbial seedling-raising compressed paper( MSP) by investigating the effects of MSP on rice soil microbial diversity and composition.[Method]Based on conventional microbial culture and high-throughput sequencing technology,the role of MSP on population,composition and structure of microbial communities of rice soil was studied. [Result] Compared with the ordinary seedling-strengthening agent,the number of bacteria in MSP group increased by 36. 59% on 7 d of rice emergence,and then decreased slightly on 14 d and 21 d. The number of actinomycetes increased by 271. 11%,702. 48% and 100% respectively,while the number of fungi decreased by127. 05% and 740% on 7 d and 14 d respectively,and increased by 160. 98% on 21 d. Among the diversity of rhizosphere microbial community of rice seedlings,Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria,Acidobacteria and Saccharibacteria were dominant bacteria,while Ascomycota,Basidiomycota,Zygomycota and Chytridiomycota were dominant fungi. Among them,high abundance of rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria such as Pseudomonas,Rhizobium,Arthrobacter and Klebsiella were dominant rhizosphere bacteria in rice seedlings. The Ascomycota of fungi increased,Basidiomycota,Zygomycota and Chytridiomycota decreased,and Ascomycotabecame single dominant fungi at the last stage,its Humicola,Pseudogymnoascus and the Mortierella of Zygomycota were the dominant fungi.[Conclusion]With the usage of microbial seedling-raising compressed paper,the richness of soil bacteria can be increased in the early stage of rice seedling,while the richness and diversity of soil fungi can be decreased in the later stage of rice seedling. It can improve the rhizosphere microecological environment of rice seedlings.
[Objective]To provide basis for the demonstration and application of microbial seedling-raising compressed paper( MSP) by investigating the effects of MSP on rice soil microbial diversity and composition.[Method]Based on conventional microbial culture and high-throughput sequencing technology,the role of MSP on population,composition and structure of microbial communities of rice soil was studied. [Result] Compared with the ordinary seedling-strengthening agent,the number of bacteria in MSP group increased by 36. 59% on 7 d of rice emergence,and then decreased slightly on 14 d and 21 d. The number of actinomycetes increased by 271. 11%,702. 48% and 100% respectively,while the number of fungi decreased by127. 05% and 740% on 7 d and 14 d respectively,and increased by 160. 98% on 21 d. Among the diversity of rhizosphere microbial community of rice seedlings,Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria,Acidobacteria and Saccharibacteria were dominant bacteria,while Ascomycota,Basidiomycota,Zygomycota and Chytridiomycota were dominant fungi. Among them,high abundance of rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria such as Pseudomonas,Rhizobium,Arthrobacter and Klebsiella were dominant rhizosphere bacteria in rice seedlings. The Ascomycota of fungi increased,Basidiomycota,Zygomycota and Chytridiomycota decreased,and Ascomycotabecame single dominant fungi at the last stage,its Humicola,Pseudogymnoascus and the Mortierella of Zygomycota were the dominant fungi.[Conclusion]With the usage of microbial seedling-raising compressed paper,the richness of soil bacteria can be increased in the early stage of rice seedling,while the richness and diversity of soil fungi can be decreased in the later stage of rice seedling. It can improve the rhizosphere microecological environment of rice seedlings.
引文
[1]陈志谊,刘永峰,刘邮洲,等.植物病害生防芽孢杆菌研究进展[J].江苏农业科学,2012,28(5):999-1006.[Chen Zhiyi,Liu Yongfeng,Liu Youzhou,et al.Research progress in biocontrol of Bacillus spp.against plant diseases[J].Jiangsu J.of Agr.Sci.,2012,28(5):999-1006.]
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[3]陈志谊,高太东,严大富,等.枯草芽孢杆菌B-916防治水稻纹枯病的田间试验[J].中国生物防治,1997,13(2):75-78.[Chen Zhiyi,Gao Taidong,Yan Dafu,et al.Field trials of Bacillus subtilis B-916 against rice sheath blight[J].Chinese Journal of Biological Control,1997,13(2):75-78.]
[4]Li Jing,Yang Qian,et al.Purification and characterization of a novel antifungal protein from Bacillus subtilis strain B29[J].J Zhejiang Univ Sci B.,2009,10(4):264-272.
[5]赵贞丽,贾斌,沈国娟,等.水稻恶苗病生防用拮抗细菌分离鉴定及抑菌活性研究[J].延边大学农学学报,2014,36(1):22-27.[Zhao Zhenli,Jia Bin,Shen Guojuan,et al.Separation and identification of biological control antagonistic bacteria against Fusarium moniliforme in rice and it’s antibiotic activity[J].Journal of Agricultural Science Yanbian University,2014,36(1):22-27.]
[6]Shan H,Zhao M,Chen D,et al.Biocontrol of rice blast by Phenaminomethylacetic acid producer of Bacillus methylotrophicus strain BC79[J].Crop Protection,2013,44:29-37.
[7]Philippot L,Raaijmakers J M,Lemanceau P,et al.Going back to the roots:the microbial ecology of the rhizosphere[J].Nature Reviews Microbiology,2013,11(11):789-799.
[8]赵娟,刘涛,潘磊,等.元阳梯田地方水稻品种根部内生菌及根围微生物的分离与鉴定[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(12):3737-3745.[Zhao Juan,Liu Tao,Pan Lei,et al.Isolation and identification of root endophytic and rhizosphere bacteria of rice landraces in Yuanyang Terrace,China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2015,26(12):3737-3745.]
[9]潘丽嫒,肖炜,董艳,等.超高产生态区水稻根围微生物物种及功能多样性研究[J].农业资源与环境学报,2016,33(6):583-590.[Pan Liyuan,Xiao Wei,Dong Yan,et al.Microbial species and functional diversity in rice rhizosphere of high-yield special ecological areas[J].Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment,2016,33(6):583-590.]
[10]佟德利,贺海升,耿志席,等.稻蟹生态种养模式下水稻根围微生物区系研究[J].江苏农业科学,2018,46(14):305-307.[Tong Deli,He Haisheng,Geng Zhixi,et al.Study on the rhizosphere microflora of rice under the ecological cultivation mode of rice crab[J].Jiangsu J.of Agr.Sci.,2018,46(14):305-307.]
[11]吴朝晖,刘清术,孙继民,等.基于高通量测序的超级稻不同生育期土壤细菌和古菌群落动态变化[J].农业现代化研究,2018,39(2):342-351.[Wu Zhaohui,Liu Qingshu,Sun Jimin,et al.Variations of soil bacterial and archaeal communities during super hybrid rice cultivation based on high throughput sequencing[J].Research of Agricultural Modernization,2018,39(2):342-351.]
[12]张志兴,林芸青,戴沛良,等.水稻旱育壮秧的根围生态学特性分析[J].中国生态农业学报,2015,23(12):1552-1561.[Zhang Zhixing,Lin Yunqing,Dai Peiliang,et al.Ecological characteristics of rice rhizosphere of dry-raised seedlings[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2015,23(12):1552-1561.]
[13]李鸿波,吴朝晖.水稻根围微生物的影响因素研究进展[J].杂交水稻,2018,33(4):1-6.[Li Hongbo,Wu Zhaohui.Research progress on factors influencing rhizosphere microorgani-sms of rice[J].Hybrid Rice,2018,33(4):1-6.]
[14]NY/T 1114-2006.微生物肥料实验用培养基技术条件[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2006.[NY/T 1114-2006.Technical conditions of medium for microbial fertilizer experiment[S].Beijing:China Standard Press,2006.]
[2]Adhikari T B,Josephc M,et al.Evaluation of bacteria isolated from rice for plant growth promotion and biological control of seeding disease of rice[J].Microbio.,2001,47:916-924.
[3]陈志谊,高太东,严大富,等.枯草芽孢杆菌B-916防治水稻纹枯病的田间试验[J].中国生物防治,1997,13(2):75-78.[Chen Zhiyi,Gao Taidong,Yan Dafu,et al.Field trials of Bacillus subtilis B-916 against rice sheath blight[J].Chinese Journal of Biological Control,1997,13(2):75-78.]
[4]Li Jing,Yang Qian,et al.Purification and characterization of a novel antifungal protein from Bacillus subtilis strain B29[J].J Zhejiang Univ Sci B.,2009,10(4):264-272.
[5]赵贞丽,贾斌,沈国娟,等.水稻恶苗病生防用拮抗细菌分离鉴定及抑菌活性研究[J].延边大学农学学报,2014,36(1):22-27.[Zhao Zhenli,Jia Bin,Shen Guojuan,et al.Separation and identification of biological control antagonistic bacteria against Fusarium moniliforme in rice and it’s antibiotic activity[J].Journal of Agricultural Science Yanbian University,2014,36(1):22-27.]
[6]Shan H,Zhao M,Chen D,et al.Biocontrol of rice blast by Phenaminomethylacetic acid producer of Bacillus methylotrophicus strain BC79[J].Crop Protection,2013,44:29-37.
[7]Philippot L,Raaijmakers J M,Lemanceau P,et al.Going back to the roots:the microbial ecology of the rhizosphere[J].Nature Reviews Microbiology,2013,11(11):789-799.
[8]赵娟,刘涛,潘磊,等.元阳梯田地方水稻品种根部内生菌及根围微生物的分离与鉴定[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(12):3737-3745.[Zhao Juan,Liu Tao,Pan Lei,et al.Isolation and identification of root endophytic and rhizosphere bacteria of rice landraces in Yuanyang Terrace,China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2015,26(12):3737-3745.]
[9]潘丽嫒,肖炜,董艳,等.超高产生态区水稻根围微生物物种及功能多样性研究[J].农业资源与环境学报,2016,33(6):583-590.[Pan Liyuan,Xiao Wei,Dong Yan,et al.Microbial species and functional diversity in rice rhizosphere of high-yield special ecological areas[J].Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment,2016,33(6):583-590.]
[10]佟德利,贺海升,耿志席,等.稻蟹生态种养模式下水稻根围微生物区系研究[J].江苏农业科学,2018,46(14):305-307.[Tong Deli,He Haisheng,Geng Zhixi,et al.Study on the rhizosphere microflora of rice under the ecological cultivation mode of rice crab[J].Jiangsu J.of Agr.Sci.,2018,46(14):305-307.]
[11]吴朝晖,刘清术,孙继民,等.基于高通量测序的超级稻不同生育期土壤细菌和古菌群落动态变化[J].农业现代化研究,2018,39(2):342-351.[Wu Zhaohui,Liu Qingshu,Sun Jimin,et al.Variations of soil bacterial and archaeal communities during super hybrid rice cultivation based on high throughput sequencing[J].Research of Agricultural Modernization,2018,39(2):342-351.]
[12]张志兴,林芸青,戴沛良,等.水稻旱育壮秧的根围生态学特性分析[J].中国生态农业学报,2015,23(12):1552-1561.[Zhang Zhixing,Lin Yunqing,Dai Peiliang,et al.Ecological characteristics of rice rhizosphere of dry-raised seedlings[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2015,23(12):1552-1561.]
[13]李鸿波,吴朝晖.水稻根围微生物的影响因素研究进展[J].杂交水稻,2018,33(4):1-6.[Li Hongbo,Wu Zhaohui.Research progress on factors influencing rhizosphere microorgani-sms of rice[J].Hybrid Rice,2018,33(4):1-6.]
[14]NY/T 1114-2006.微生物肥料实验用培养基技术条件[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2006.[NY/T 1114-2006.Technical conditions of medium for microbial fertilizer experiment[S].Beijing:China Standard Press,2006.]
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