秦皇岛海域海流特征及规模化养殖对其影响的观测研究
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摘要
秦皇岛海域是辽东湾与渤海中部及渤海湾进行物质和能量交换的重要通道。本文基于海床基观测平台获取的夏秋季海流连续观测资料,运用调和分析和滤波等方法对该海域的海流特征及其对规模化养殖的响应进行了研究。结果表明:秦皇岛海域最显著的潮流是M_2分潮流,其最大流速介于20.0～36.9 cm/s之间,远小于辽东湾东部海域M_2分潮流最大流速;秋季秦皇岛海域余流流速介于0.2～2.5 cm/s之间,整体上较辽东湾东侧海域余流弱,辽东湾底层可能存在逆时针的弱环流系统;夏季秦皇岛海域M_2和K_1分潮流的最大流速均大于秋季;养殖活动对余流影响较大,养殖区中部A7、A8站余流的垂向平均流速比养殖区边缘A6站分别减小76%和18%左右。
The Qinhuangdao coastal area is a significant passage through which the substance and energy are exchanged among the Liaodong Bay, the central of Bohai Sea and the Bohai Bay. In this paper, based on the in-situ current data obtained from seabed-based platform continuously in the Qinhuangdao coastal area in summer and autumn, we study the characteristics of current and its response to large-scale mariculture by means of harmonic analysis and filtering. The results are shown as follows: the most prominent semi-diurnal tidal current is the M_2 tidal component with the maximum tidal velocity ranging from 20.0 cm/s to 36.9 cm/s, which is much smaller than the maximum velocity of M_2tidal current in the east side of Liaodong Bay. In autumn, the velocities of the residual currents in the Qinhuangdao coastal area, which are between 0.2 cm/s and 2.5 cm/s, are weaker than those in the east side of Liaodong Bay. Meanwhile, there may exist a weak clockwise circulation in the bottom of the Liaodong Bay. In summer,the maximum velocities of M_2 and K_1 tidal current components are larger than those in autumn. Aquaculture activities have a greater impact on the residual currents. Compared with the vertically-averaged residual current in site A6 which located at the edge of the culture zone, the currents of A7 and A8 sites located in the central of the culture zone decrease by almost 76% and 18%,respectively.
The Qinhuangdao coastal area is a significant passage through which the substance and energy are exchanged among the Liaodong Bay, the central of Bohai Sea and the Bohai Bay. In this paper, based on the in-situ current data obtained from seabed-based platform continuously in the Qinhuangdao coastal area in summer and autumn, we study the characteristics of current and its response to large-scale mariculture by means of harmonic analysis and filtering. The results are shown as follows: the most prominent semi-diurnal tidal current is the M_2 tidal component with the maximum tidal velocity ranging from 20.0 cm/s to 36.9 cm/s, which is much smaller than the maximum velocity of M_2tidal current in the east side of Liaodong Bay. In autumn, the velocities of the residual currents in the Qinhuangdao coastal area, which are between 0.2 cm/s and 2.5 cm/s, are weaker than those in the east side of Liaodong Bay. Meanwhile, there may exist a weak clockwise circulation in the bottom of the Liaodong Bay. In summer,the maximum velocities of M_2 and K_1 tidal current components are larger than those in autumn. Aquaculture activities have a greater impact on the residual currents. Compared with the vertically-averaged residual current in site A6 which located at the edge of the culture zone, the currents of A7 and A8 sites located in the central of the culture zone decrease by almost 76% and 18%,respectively.
引文
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[8] 赵保仁,庄国文,曹德明,等.渤海的环流、潮余流及其对沉积物分布的影响[J].海洋与湖沼,1995,26(5):466-473.Zhao Baoren,Zhuang Guowen,Cao Deming,et al.Circulation,tidal residual currents and their effects on the sedimentations in the Bohai Sea[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,1995,26(5):466-473.
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[10] Qiao Lulu,Bao Xianwen,Wu Dexing.The observed currents in summer in the Bohai Sea[J].Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2008,26(2):130-136.
[11] 林磊,刘东艳,刘哲,等.围填海对海洋水动力与生态环境的影响[J].海洋学报,2016,38(8):1-11.Lin Lei,Liu Dongyan,Liu Zhe,et al.Impact of land reclamation on marine hydrodynamic and ecological environment[J].Haiyang Xuebao,2016,38(8):1-11.
[12] 周锋,黄大吉,苏纪兰.夏季渤海温跃层下的双中心冷水结构的数值模拟[J].科学通报,2009,54(11):1591-1599.Zhou Feng,Huang Daji,Su Jilan.Numerical simulation of the dual-core structure of the Bohai Sea cold bottom water in summer[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2009,54(23):4520-4528.
[13] Zhou Feng,Huang Daji,Xue Huijie,et al.Circulations associated with cold pools in the Bohai Sea on the Chinese continental shelf[J].Continental Shelf Research,2017,137:25-38.
[14] Pawlowicz R,Beardsley B,Lentz S.Classical tidal harmonic analysis including error estimates in MATLAB using T_TIDE[J].Computers & Geosciences,2002,28(8):929-937.
[15] Fang Guohong,Ichiye T.On the vertical structure of tidal currents in a homogeneous sea[J].Geophysical Journal International,1983,73(1):65-82.
[16] 孙湘平.中国近海区域海洋[M].北京:海洋出版社,2008:99.Sun Xiangping.Offshore Regional Oceanography in Offshore Area of China[M].Beijing:China Ocean Press,2008:99.
[17] 赵骞,陈超,丁德文,等.基于海床基观测资料的辽东湾东部海流特征研究[J].海洋工程,2016,34(4):118-124.Zhao Qian,Chen Chao,Ding Dewen,et al.Study on coastal current characteristics in the eastern area of Liaodong Bay based on the observed data from seabed based platform[J].The Ocean Engineering,2016,34(4):118-124.
[18] 赵保仁,曹德明,李徽翡,等.渤海的潮混合特征及潮汐锋现象[J].海洋学报,2001,23(4):113-120.Zhao Baoren,Cao Deming,Li Weifei,et al.Tidal mixing characters and tidal fronts phenomenons in the Bohai Sea[J].Haiyang Xuebao,2001,23(4):113-120.
[19] 张丛,鲍献文,丁扬,等.南海北部陆架坡折带潮流和低频流特征分析[J].海洋与湖沼,2017,48(2):221-231.Zhang Cong,Bao Xianwen,Ding Yang,et al.Tidal and subtidal current characteristics over the shelf break in the northern South China Sea[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2017,48(2):221-231.
[20] 赵云鹏,廖鹏,毕春伟,等.贝类养殖吊笼水动力特性的实验研究[J].渔业现代化,2017,44(2):6-13.Zhao Yunpeng,Liao Peng,Bi Chunwei,et al.Experimental study on hydrodynamic characteristics of lantern net for shellfish culture[J].Fishery Modernization,2017,44(2):6-13.
[2] Pilditch C A,Grant J,Bryan K R.Seston supply to sea scallops (Placopecten magellanicus) in suspended culture[J].Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,2001,58(2):241-253.
[3] Boyd A J,Heasman K G.Shellfish mariculture in the Benguela System:water flow patterns within a mussel farm in Saldanha Bay,South Africa[J].Journal of Shellfish Research,1998,17(1):25-32.
[4] Grant J,Bacher C.A numerical model of flow modification induced by suspended aquaculture in a Chinese bay[J].Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,2001,58(5):1003-1011.
[5] 史洁,魏皓.半封闭高密度筏式养殖海域水动力场的数值模拟[J].中国海洋大学学报,2009,39(6):1181-1187.Shi Jie,Wei Hao.Simulation of hydrodynamic structures in a semi-enclosed Bay with dense raft-culture[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2009,39(6):1181-1187.
[6] 刘恒魁.秦皇岛至团山角近岸海区水文基本特征[J].海洋通报,1994,13(1):89-93.Liu Hengkui.Basic hydrological characteristics of the offshore area from Qinhuangdao to Tuanshan jiao[J].Marine Science Bulletin,1994,13(1):89-93.
[7] 张彦龙.秦皇岛港附近海域潮汐、波浪和海流特征[J].海洋通报,1997,16(3):21-27.Zhang Yanlong.Characteristics of tides,waters and currents in the sea area near Qinhuangdao Harbour[J].Marine Science Bulletin,1997,16(3):21-27.
[8] 赵保仁,庄国文,曹德明,等.渤海的环流、潮余流及其对沉积物分布的影响[J].海洋与湖沼,1995,26(5):466-473.Zhao Baoren,Zhuang Guowen,Cao Deming,et al.Circulation,tidal residual currents and their effects on the sedimentations in the Bohai Sea[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,1995,26(5):466-473.
[9] 刘恒魁.辽东湾近岸水域海流特征分析[J].海洋科学,1990,14(2):22-27.Liu Hengkui.Analysis of current characteristics of the coastal shallow water area in Liaodong Bay[J].Marine Sciences,1990,14(2):22-27.
[10] Qiao Lulu,Bao Xianwen,Wu Dexing.The observed currents in summer in the Bohai Sea[J].Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2008,26(2):130-136.
[11] 林磊,刘东艳,刘哲,等.围填海对海洋水动力与生态环境的影响[J].海洋学报,2016,38(8):1-11.Lin Lei,Liu Dongyan,Liu Zhe,et al.Impact of land reclamation on marine hydrodynamic and ecological environment[J].Haiyang Xuebao,2016,38(8):1-11.
[12] 周锋,黄大吉,苏纪兰.夏季渤海温跃层下的双中心冷水结构的数值模拟[J].科学通报,2009,54(11):1591-1599.Zhou Feng,Huang Daji,Su Jilan.Numerical simulation of the dual-core structure of the Bohai Sea cold bottom water in summer[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2009,54(23):4520-4528.
[13] Zhou Feng,Huang Daji,Xue Huijie,et al.Circulations associated with cold pools in the Bohai Sea on the Chinese continental shelf[J].Continental Shelf Research,2017,137:25-38.
[14] Pawlowicz R,Beardsley B,Lentz S.Classical tidal harmonic analysis including error estimates in MATLAB using T_TIDE[J].Computers & Geosciences,2002,28(8):929-937.
[15] Fang Guohong,Ichiye T.On the vertical structure of tidal currents in a homogeneous sea[J].Geophysical Journal International,1983,73(1):65-82.
[16] 孙湘平.中国近海区域海洋[M].北京:海洋出版社,2008:99.Sun Xiangping.Offshore Regional Oceanography in Offshore Area of China[M].Beijing:China Ocean Press,2008:99.
[17] 赵骞,陈超,丁德文,等.基于海床基观测资料的辽东湾东部海流特征研究[J].海洋工程,2016,34(4):118-124.Zhao Qian,Chen Chao,Ding Dewen,et al.Study on coastal current characteristics in the eastern area of Liaodong Bay based on the observed data from seabed based platform[J].The Ocean Engineering,2016,34(4):118-124.
[18] 赵保仁,曹德明,李徽翡,等.渤海的潮混合特征及潮汐锋现象[J].海洋学报,2001,23(4):113-120.Zhao Baoren,Cao Deming,Li Weifei,et al.Tidal mixing characters and tidal fronts phenomenons in the Bohai Sea[J].Haiyang Xuebao,2001,23(4):113-120.
[19] 张丛,鲍献文,丁扬,等.南海北部陆架坡折带潮流和低频流特征分析[J].海洋与湖沼,2017,48(2):221-231.Zhang Cong,Bao Xianwen,Ding Yang,et al.Tidal and subtidal current characteristics over the shelf break in the northern South China Sea[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2017,48(2):221-231.
[20] 赵云鹏,廖鹏,毕春伟,等.贝类养殖吊笼水动力特性的实验研究[J].渔业现代化,2017,44(2):6-13.Zhao Yunpeng,Liao Peng,Bi Chunwei,et al.Experimental study on hydrodynamic characteristics of lantern net for shellfish culture[J].Fishery Modernization,2017,44(2):6-13.
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