不同坡向凋落物分解对土壤微生物群落的影响
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摘要
采用空间与时间序列并用的方法,对贵州茂兰喀斯特森林阳坡和阴坡凋落物的分解特征及土壤微生物进行1年的野外调查和测定,探讨凋落物分解规律及其对土壤微生物群落的影响。凋落物在分解1年后的质量损失率约为72%,在分解过程中的碳、磷元素表现为释放,氮元素表现出富集;土壤微生物各群落磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)在分解过程中的平均含量表现为:细菌(149.8 nmol/g)>放线菌(63.9 nmol/g)>真菌(31.3 nmol/g),阳坡和阴坡的微生物总PLFA在180d(559.2 nmol/g)和360d(513.6 nmol/g)的含量显著高于分解前;随分解时间的增加,阳坡细菌特征磷脂脂肪酸18:1ω7c的含量增加最大,其次是cy19:0和真菌特征磷脂脂肪酸18:1ω9c,阴坡土壤微生物PLFA含量表现出减少的趋势,细菌特征脂肪酸18:1ω7c减少量最大,约9.42 nmol/g,其次是i15:0和真菌特征脂肪酸18:1ω9c,约减少4.29—4.86 nmol/g;凋落物养分释放特征与微生物群落间的Spearman相关分析表明,真菌群落与碳元素释放率呈显著正相关关系,细菌群落与凋落物碳、磷元素的释放呈极显著正相关关系,且阳坡凋落物分解对微生物群落的影响高于阴坡。坡向和凋落物养分释放量对喀斯特森林凋落物的分解及土壤微生物群落的影响较显著,特征磷脂脂肪酸18:1ω7c、cy19:0、i15:0和18:1ω9c对环境变化的响应较为敏感。
In this study, spatial and temporal methods were used to conduct field survey sampling and laboratory analysis of litterfall decomposition and soil microbe characteristics in the adret and ubac slopes of the karst forest ecosystem in Maolan, Guizhou. To provide a scientific basis for the monitoring of nutrient cycling and dynamic equilibrium in forest ecosystems, we systematically investigated the characteristics of litter decomposition and soil microbial communities in different slopes, and revealed the relationship between litter decomposition properties and soil microbial communities. We found that the mass loss rate of the litter in the decomposition bag during the 1-year decomposition period was approximately 72%. During the litter decomposition process, the carbon element was released and the total nitrogen content of the litter showed a tendency for enrichment. The total phospholipid fatty acid(PLFA) content in the adret and ubac slopes during litter decomposition was highest at 180 and 360 days, with values of 559.2 and 513.6 nmol/g, respectively. The content of the soil microbial community was in the order of Bacteria(149.8 nmol/g) > Actinomycetes(63.9 nmol/g) > Fungi(31.3 nmol/g). In the adret slope the bacterial characteristics of 18:1ω7 c increased mostly after 360-days decomposition, followed by cy19:0, and the characteristic fungal PLFA 18:1ω9 c compared to before the decomposition. The PLFA content in the ubac slope showed a decreasing trend. After decomposition of 360-days, the bacterial characteristic fatty acid 18:1ω7 c exhibited the greatest decrease of approximately 9.42 nmol/g, followed by i15:0 and the fungal characteristic fatty acid 18:1ω9 c, together showing decreases of approximately 4.29—4.86 nmol/g compared to the decomposition of 90-days. Spearman analysis indicated that a positive correlation was found between the fungal community and the carbon release rate. Additionally, there was a significant positive correlation between the bacterial community and litter carbon and phosphorus release, and the effect of litter decomposition on the microbial community was greater in the adret than the ubac slope. Slope and litter nutrient release produced the most significant effects on litter decomposition and on the microbial community in the karst forest; moreover, the characteristic PLFAs 18:1ω7 c, cy19:0, i15:0, and 18:1ω9 c were observed to be the most sensitive to environmental changes.
In this study, spatial and temporal methods were used to conduct field survey sampling and laboratory analysis of litterfall decomposition and soil microbe characteristics in the adret and ubac slopes of the karst forest ecosystem in Maolan, Guizhou. To provide a scientific basis for the monitoring of nutrient cycling and dynamic equilibrium in forest ecosystems, we systematically investigated the characteristics of litter decomposition and soil microbial communities in different slopes, and revealed the relationship between litter decomposition properties and soil microbial communities. We found that the mass loss rate of the litter in the decomposition bag during the 1-year decomposition period was approximately 72%. During the litter decomposition process, the carbon element was released and the total nitrogen content of the litter showed a tendency for enrichment. The total phospholipid fatty acid(PLFA) content in the adret and ubac slopes during litter decomposition was highest at 180 and 360 days, with values of 559.2 and 513.6 nmol/g, respectively. The content of the soil microbial community was in the order of Bacteria(149.8 nmol/g) > Actinomycetes(63.9 nmol/g) > Fungi(31.3 nmol/g). In the adret slope the bacterial characteristics of 18:1ω7 c increased mostly after 360-days decomposition, followed by cy19:0, and the characteristic fungal PLFA 18:1ω9 c compared to before the decomposition. The PLFA content in the ubac slope showed a decreasing trend. After decomposition of 360-days, the bacterial characteristic fatty acid 18:1ω7 c exhibited the greatest decrease of approximately 9.42 nmol/g, followed by i15:0 and the fungal characteristic fatty acid 18:1ω9 c, together showing decreases of approximately 4.29—4.86 nmol/g compared to the decomposition of 90-days. Spearman analysis indicated that a positive correlation was found between the fungal community and the carbon release rate. Additionally, there was a significant positive correlation between the bacterial community and litter carbon and phosphorus release, and the effect of litter decomposition on the microbial community was greater in the adret than the ubac slope. Slope and litter nutrient release produced the most significant effects on litter decomposition and on the microbial community in the karst forest; moreover, the characteristic PLFAs 18:1ω7 c, cy19:0, i15:0, and 18:1ω9 c were observed to be the most sensitive to environmental changes.
引文
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[7] 陈法霖,张凯,郑华,林学强,欧阳志云,屠乃美.PCR-DGGE技术解析针叶和阔叶凋落物混合分解对土壤微生物群落结构的影响.应用与环境生物学报,2011,17(2):145- 150.
[8] 许湘琴,林植华,陈慧丽.凋落物分解对土壤生物的影响.生态学杂志,2011,30(6):1258- 1264.
[9] 万晓华,黄志群,何宗明,余再鹏,王民煌,刘瑞强,郑璐嘉.改变碳输入对亚热带人工林土壤微生物生物量和群落组成的影响.生态学报,2016,36(12):3582- 3590.
[10] 龙健,邓启琼,江新荣,李阳兵,姚斌.贵州喀斯特石漠化地区土地利用方式对土壤质量恢复能力的影响.生态学报,2005,25(12):3188- 3195.
[11] 王世杰,李阳兵.喀斯特石漠化研究存在的问题与发展趋势.地球科学进展,2007,22(6):573- 582.
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[14] 张平究,潘根兴.不同恢复方式下退化岩溶山区土壤微生物特性.水土保持学报,2011,25(2):189- 193,197- 197.
[15] 卢怡.岩溶山区生态系统对土壤理化性质及土壤微生物特性的影响[D].贵阳:贵州师范大学,2017.
[16] Frosteg?rd A,B??th E,Tunlio A.Shifts in the structure of soil microbial communities in limed forests as revealed by phospholipid fatty acid analysis.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1993,25(6):723- 730.
[17] 桑昌鹏,万晓华,余再鹏,王民煌,林宇,黄志群.凋落物和根系去除对滨海沙地土壤微生物群落组成和功能的影响[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(4):1184- 1196.
[18] 魏江生,周梅,赵鹏武,景宇鹏,刘星岑.兴安落叶松林型对土壤氮素含量的影响.干旱区资源与环境,2014,28(7):127- 132.
[19] 屠梦照,姚文华,翁轰,李志安.鼎湖山南亚热带常绿阔叶林凋落物的特征.土壤学报,1993,30(1):34- 42.
[20] 杨玉盛,郭剑芬,林鹏,何宗明,谢锦升,陈光水.格氏栲天然林与人工林枯枝落叶层碳库及养分库.生态学报,2004,24(2):359- 367.
[21] Kavvadias V A,Alifragis D,Tsiontsis A,Brofas G,Stamatelos G.Litterfall,litter accumulation and litter decomposition rates in four forest ecosystems in northern Greece.Forest Ecology and Management,2001,144(1/3):113- 127.
[22] 张东来,毛子军,张玲,朱胜英.森林凋落物分解过程中酶活性研究进展.林业科学,2006,42(1):105- 109.
[23] 张鹏,田兴军,何兴兵,宋富强,任利利.亚热带森林凋落物层土壤酶活性的季节动态.生态环境学报,2007,16(3):1024- 1029.
[24] 仲米财,王清奎,高洪,于小军.中亚热带主要树种凋落叶在杉木人工林中分解及氮磷释放过程.生态学杂志,2013,32(7):1653- 1659.
[25] Taylor J P,Wilson B,Mills M S,Burns R G.Comparison of microbial numbers and enzymatic activities in surface soils and subsoils using various techniques.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2002,34(3):387- 401.
[26] 王巍巍,赵琼,赵欣然,曾德慧,艾桂艳.凋落物管理对樟子松人工林土壤微生物群落结构的影响.生态学杂志,2015,34(9):2605- 2612.
[27] 李亮,包耀贤,廖超英,赵志强,唐海滨.乌兰布和沙漠东北部沙区人工林土壤微生物及酶活性研究.西北植物学报,2010,30(5):987- 994.
[28] Bandick A K,Dick R P.Field management effects on soil enzyme activities.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1999,31(11):1471- 1479.
[29] Chapin III F S,Matson P A,Vitousek P M.Plant carbon budgets//Chapin III F S,Matson P A,Vitousek P M,eds.Principles of Terrestrial Ecosystem Ecology.New York,NY:Springer,2011.
[30] ?zcan M,G?kbulak F.Effect of size and surrounding forest vegetation on chemical properties of soil in forest gaps.iForest-Biogeosciences and Forestry,2015,8(1):67- 72.
[31] 李姗姗,王正文,杨俊杰.凋落物分解过程中土壤微生物群落的变化.生物多样性,2016,24(2):195- 204.
[32] 罗媛媛,袁金凤,沈国春,赵谷风,于明坚.常绿阔叶林片段中木荷凋落叶分解速率及中小型土壤节肢动物群落的结构动态.应用生态学报,2010,21(2):265- 271.
[33] 黄玉梅,杨万勤,张健.川西亚高山云杉叶凋落物质量损失过程及土壤生物的作用.长江流域资源与环境,2015,24(4):676- 683.
[34] de Vries F T,Hoffland E,van Eekeren N,Brussaard L,Bloem J.Fungal/bacterial ratios in grasslands with contrasting nitrogen management.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2006,38(8):2092- 2103.
[2] Ladygina N,Hedlund K.Plant species influence microbial diversity and carbon allocation in the rhizosphere.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2010,42(2):162- 168.
[3] Frouz J,Toyota A,Mudrák O,Jílková V,Filipová A,Cajthaml T.Effects of soil substrate quality,microbial diversity and community composition on the plant community during primary succession.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2016,99:75- 84.
[4] Liu Z F,Liu G H,Fu B J,Zheng X X.Relationship between plant species diversity and soil microbial functional diversity along a longitudinal gradient in temperate grasslands of Hulunbeir,Inner Mongolia,China.Ecological Research,2008,23(3):511- 518.
[5] Zechmeister-Boltenstern S,Michel K,Pfeffer M.Soil microbial community structure in European forests in relation to forest type and atmospheric nitrogen deposition.Plant and Soil,2011,343(1/2):37- 50.
[6] Sun B J,Jia S X,Zhang S X,McLaughlin N B,Zhang X P,Liang X P,Chen X W,Wei S C,Liu S Y.Tillage,seasonal and depths effects on soil microbial properties in black soil of Northeast China.Soil and Tillage Research,2016,155:421- 428.
[7] 陈法霖,张凯,郑华,林学强,欧阳志云,屠乃美.PCR-DGGE技术解析针叶和阔叶凋落物混合分解对土壤微生物群落结构的影响.应用与环境生物学报,2011,17(2):145- 150.
[8] 许湘琴,林植华,陈慧丽.凋落物分解对土壤生物的影响.生态学杂志,2011,30(6):1258- 1264.
[9] 万晓华,黄志群,何宗明,余再鹏,王民煌,刘瑞强,郑璐嘉.改变碳输入对亚热带人工林土壤微生物生物量和群落组成的影响.生态学报,2016,36(12):3582- 3590.
[10] 龙健,邓启琼,江新荣,李阳兵,姚斌.贵州喀斯特石漠化地区土地利用方式对土壤质量恢复能力的影响.生态学报,2005,25(12):3188- 3195.
[11] 王世杰,李阳兵.喀斯特石漠化研究存在的问题与发展趋势.地球科学进展,2007,22(6):573- 582.
[12] 周政贤.茂兰喀斯特森林科学考察集.贵阳:贵州人民出版社,1987.
[13] 龙健,李娟,江新荣,黄昌勇.贵州茂兰喀斯特森林土壤微生物活性的研究.土壤学报,2004,41(4):597- 602.
[14] 张平究,潘根兴.不同恢复方式下退化岩溶山区土壤微生物特性.水土保持学报,2011,25(2):189- 193,197- 197.
[15] 卢怡.岩溶山区生态系统对土壤理化性质及土壤微生物特性的影响[D].贵阳:贵州师范大学,2017.
[16] Frosteg?rd A,B??th E,Tunlio A.Shifts in the structure of soil microbial communities in limed forests as revealed by phospholipid fatty acid analysis.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1993,25(6):723- 730.
[17] 桑昌鹏,万晓华,余再鹏,王民煌,林宇,黄志群.凋落物和根系去除对滨海沙地土壤微生物群落组成和功能的影响[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(4):1184- 1196.
[18] 魏江生,周梅,赵鹏武,景宇鹏,刘星岑.兴安落叶松林型对土壤氮素含量的影响.干旱区资源与环境,2014,28(7):127- 132.
[19] 屠梦照,姚文华,翁轰,李志安.鼎湖山南亚热带常绿阔叶林凋落物的特征.土壤学报,1993,30(1):34- 42.
[20] 杨玉盛,郭剑芬,林鹏,何宗明,谢锦升,陈光水.格氏栲天然林与人工林枯枝落叶层碳库及养分库.生态学报,2004,24(2):359- 367.
[21] Kavvadias V A,Alifragis D,Tsiontsis A,Brofas G,Stamatelos G.Litterfall,litter accumulation and litter decomposition rates in four forest ecosystems in northern Greece.Forest Ecology and Management,2001,144(1/3):113- 127.
[22] 张东来,毛子军,张玲,朱胜英.森林凋落物分解过程中酶活性研究进展.林业科学,2006,42(1):105- 109.
[23] 张鹏,田兴军,何兴兵,宋富强,任利利.亚热带森林凋落物层土壤酶活性的季节动态.生态环境学报,2007,16(3):1024- 1029.
[24] 仲米财,王清奎,高洪,于小军.中亚热带主要树种凋落叶在杉木人工林中分解及氮磷释放过程.生态学杂志,2013,32(7):1653- 1659.
[25] Taylor J P,Wilson B,Mills M S,Burns R G.Comparison of microbial numbers and enzymatic activities in surface soils and subsoils using various techniques.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2002,34(3):387- 401.
[26] 王巍巍,赵琼,赵欣然,曾德慧,艾桂艳.凋落物管理对樟子松人工林土壤微生物群落结构的影响.生态学杂志,2015,34(9):2605- 2612.
[27] 李亮,包耀贤,廖超英,赵志强,唐海滨.乌兰布和沙漠东北部沙区人工林土壤微生物及酶活性研究.西北植物学报,2010,30(5):987- 994.
[28] Bandick A K,Dick R P.Field management effects on soil enzyme activities.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1999,31(11):1471- 1479.
[29] Chapin III F S,Matson P A,Vitousek P M.Plant carbon budgets//Chapin III F S,Matson P A,Vitousek P M,eds.Principles of Terrestrial Ecosystem Ecology.New York,NY:Springer,2011.
[30] ?zcan M,G?kbulak F.Effect of size and surrounding forest vegetation on chemical properties of soil in forest gaps.iForest-Biogeosciences and Forestry,2015,8(1):67- 72.
[31] 李姗姗,王正文,杨俊杰.凋落物分解过程中土壤微生物群落的变化.生物多样性,2016,24(2):195- 204.
[32] 罗媛媛,袁金凤,沈国春,赵谷风,于明坚.常绿阔叶林片段中木荷凋落叶分解速率及中小型土壤节肢动物群落的结构动态.应用生态学报,2010,21(2):265- 271.
[33] 黄玉梅,杨万勤,张健.川西亚高山云杉叶凋落物质量损失过程及土壤生物的作用.长江流域资源与环境,2015,24(4):676- 683.
[34] de Vries F T,Hoffland E,van Eekeren N,Brussaard L,Bloem J.Fungal/bacterial ratios in grasslands with contrasting nitrogen management.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2006,38(8):2092- 2103.
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