外源氮肥和腐熟剂对小麦秸秆腐解的影响
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摘要
为探明氮肥和腐熟剂对小麦秸秆腐解的协同作用,采用田间堆腐的方法,设置自然堆腐(S)、堆腐+氮肥(NS)、堆腐+腐熟剂(ES)和堆腐+氮肥和腐熟剂(NESS)4个处理,研究外源添加氮肥和腐熟剂对小麦秸秆堆腐过程中残留质量,纤维素酶等水解酶和木质素过氧化物酶等氧化酶活性的变化及与秸秆腐解的耦合关系。结果表明,在田间堆腐条件下,小麦秸秆的质量变化特征符合一阶动力学方程。堆腐120d时,单独加氮肥(NS)或腐熟剂(ES)处理的小麦秸秆腐解率分别达到74.70%和73.26%,共施氮肥和腐熟剂(NESS)处理条件下小麦秸秆腐解率达到79.83%,腐解常数表现为K_(NESS)>K_(NS)>K_(ES)>K_S的规律,其中NESS处理条件下小麦秸秆腐解程度更高。添加氮肥或腐熟剂均能显著提高小麦秸秆腐解速率(K=0.017,P<0.01),同时添加氮肥和腐熟剂能显著增加小麦秸秆腐解过程中过氧化物酶活性,协同促进小麦秸秆腐解。添加氮肥主要通过提高水解酶活性加速小麦秸秆腐解,而添加腐熟剂主要通过促进氧化酶活性加速小麦秸秆腐解,同时添加氮肥和腐熟剂主要通过提高氧化酶活性,进而加速小麦秸秆腐解。
To investigate the cooperative effects of nitrogen and effective microorganisms on wheat straw decomposition, the mass loss, hydrolase(ie. cellulase) and oxidase(ie. Lignin peroxidase) activities as well as their roles in decomposition of straw were examined in the field. Four treatments including straw natural composting(S), nitrogen plus straw composting(NS), effective microorganisms plus straw composting(ES) and nitrogen and effective microorganisms plus straw composting(NESS) were conducted in this paper. Results showed that the wheat straw residues decomposition was well fitted the first-order kinetic equation.The decomposition rates of the wheat straw residue under the NS, ES treatments were 74.70% and 73.26%, respectively after incubation for 120 d, while it was 79.83% under the NESS treatment. The decomposition rate constant expressed the trend of K_(NESS)>K_(NS)>K_(ES)>K_S, and the highest decomposition rate constant was found in the treatments of NESS. The nitrogen fertilization combined with effective microorganisms greatly stimulated the decomposition of wheat straw by increasing the activities of peroxidase and thus significantly promote the decomposition of wheat straw(K=0.017, P<0.01). In summary, nitrogen fertilizer as well as the effective micro-organism can accelerate the decomposition of wheat straw residues, the former accelerated the decomposition of wheat straw by increasing the activities of hydrolase, whereas the later accelerated the decomposition of wheat straw by increasing the activities of oxidase.
To investigate the cooperative effects of nitrogen and effective microorganisms on wheat straw decomposition, the mass loss, hydrolase(ie. cellulase) and oxidase(ie. Lignin peroxidase) activities as well as their roles in decomposition of straw were examined in the field. Four treatments including straw natural composting(S), nitrogen plus straw composting(NS), effective microorganisms plus straw composting(ES) and nitrogen and effective microorganisms plus straw composting(NESS) were conducted in this paper. Results showed that the wheat straw residues decomposition was well fitted the first-order kinetic equation.The decomposition rates of the wheat straw residue under the NS, ES treatments were 74.70% and 73.26%, respectively after incubation for 120 d, while it was 79.83% under the NESS treatment. The decomposition rate constant expressed the trend of K_(NESS)>K_(NS)>K_(ES)>K_S, and the highest decomposition rate constant was found in the treatments of NESS. The nitrogen fertilization combined with effective microorganisms greatly stimulated the decomposition of wheat straw by increasing the activities of peroxidase and thus significantly promote the decomposition of wheat straw(K=0.017, P<0.01). In summary, nitrogen fertilizer as well as the effective micro-organism can accelerate the decomposition of wheat straw residues, the former accelerated the decomposition of wheat straw by increasing the activities of hydrolase, whereas the later accelerated the decomposition of wheat straw by increasing the activities of oxidase.
引文
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YADAV M,YADAVA S,2012.Purification,characterisation and coal depolymerisation activity of lignin peroxidase from Lenzitus betulina MTCC-1183[J].Applied Biochemistry&Microbiology,48(6):583-589.
YANG Q,GAO Y,HUANG Y P,et al.,2015.Identification of three important amino acid residues of xylanase AfxynA from Aspergillus fumigatus for enzyme activity and formation of xylobiose as the major product[J].Process Biochemistry,50:571-581.
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黄婷苗,王朝辉,侯仰毅,等,2017.施氮对关中还田玉米秸秆腐解和养分释放特征的影响[J].应用生态学报,28(7):2261-2268.HUANG M T,WANG Z H,HOU Y Y,et al.,2017.Effects of nitrogen application on decomposition and nutrient release of returned maize straw in Guanzhong Plain,Northwest China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,28(7):2261-2268.
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DANNEHL T,LEITHOLD G,BROCK C,2017.The effect of C:N The relation between CUE and ratios on the fate of carbon from straw and green manure in soil:The effect of C:N ratios on the fate of carbon from straw and green manure[J].European Journal of Soil Science,68(6):988-998.
FOG K,2010.The effect of added nitrogen on the rate of decomposition of organic matter[J].Biological Reviews,63(3):433-462.
GEISSELER D,HORWATH W R,2008.Regulation of extracellular protease activity in soil in response to different sources and concentrations of nitrogen and carbon[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,40(12):3040-3048.
HESSEN D O,?GREN G I,ANDERSON T R,et al.,2004.Carbon Sequestration in Ecosystems:The Role of Stoichiometry[J].Ecology,85(5):1179-1192.
JING Z,XIN J,ZHOU B K,et al.,2016.Thirty four years of nitrogen fertilization decreases fungal diversity and alters fungal community composition in black soil in northeast China[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,95:135-143.
KABUYAH R N T M,DONGEN B E V,BEWSHER A D,et al.,2012.Decomposition of lignin in wheat straw in a sand-dune grassland[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,45:128-131.
KEELER B L,HOBBIE S E,KELLOGG L E,2009.Effects of long-term nitrogen addition on microbial enzyme activity in eight forested and grassland sites:implications for litter and soil organic matter decomposition[J].Ecosystems,12(1):1-15.
KOCHSICK E A,KNOPS M H J,2013.Effects of nitrogen availability on the fate of litter-carbon and soil organic matter decomposition[J].British Journal of Environment and Climate Change,3(1):24-43.
LI X G,JIA BIN,LV J T,et al.,2017.Nitrogen fertilization decreases the decomposition of soil organic matter and plant residues in planted soils[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,112:47-55.
LING Z R,WANG S S,ZHU M J,et al.,2015.An extracellular laccase with potent dye decolorizing ability from white rot fungus Trametes sp.LAC-01[J].International Journal of Biological Macromolecules,81:785-793.
MARTINS L F,KOLLING D,CAMASSOLA M,et al.,2008.Comparison of Penicillium echinulatum and Trichoderma reesei cellulases in relation to their activity against various cellulosic substrates[J].Bioresource Technology,99(5):1417-1424.
NICOLARDOT B,RECOUS S,MARY B,2001.Simulation of C and Nmineralisation during crop residue decomposition:A simple dynamic model based on the C:N ratio of the residues[J].Plant and Soil,228:83-103.
OLSON J S,1963.Energy storage and the balance of producers and decomposers in ecological systems[J].Ecology,44(2):322-331.
RIGGS C E,2016.Mechanisms driving the soil organic matter decomposition response to nitrogen enrichment in grassland soils[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,99:54-65.
RINKES Z L,BERTRAND I,AMIN B A Z,et al.,2016.Nitrogen alters microbial enzyme dynamics but not lignin chemistry during maize decomposition[J].Biogeochemistry,128(1-2):171-186.
SANDEEP S,MANJAIAH K M,Mayadevi M R,et al.,2016.Monitoring temperature sensitivity of soil organic carbon decomposition under maize-wheat cropping systems in semi-arid India[J].Environmental Monitoring&Assessment,188:1-15.
SHAHZAD T,CHENU C,GENET P,et al.,2015.Contribution of exudates,arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and litter depositions to the rhizosphere priming effect induced by grassland species[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,80:146-155.
TONITTO C,GOODALE C L,WEISS M S,et al.,2014.The effect of nitrogen addition on soil organic matter dynamics:a model analysis of the Harvard Forest Chronic Nitrogen Amendment Study and soil carbon response to anthropogenic N deposition[J].Biogeochemistry,117(2-3):431-454.
WIEDERMANN M M,KANE E S,POTVIN L R,et al.,2017.Interactive plant functional group and water table effects on decomposition and extracellular enzyme activity in Sphagnum peatlands[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,108:1-8.
YADAV M,YADAVA S,2012.Purification,characterisation and coal depolymerisation activity of lignin peroxidase from Lenzitus betulina MTCC-1183[J].Applied Biochemistry&Microbiology,48(6):583-589.
YANG Q,GAO Y,HUANG Y P,et al.,2015.Identification of three important amino acid residues of xylanase AfxynA from Aspergillus fumigatus for enzyme activity and formation of xylobiose as the major product[J].Process Biochemistry,50:571-581.
ZANG H,WANG J,KUZYAKOV Y,2016.N fertilization decreases soil organic matter decomposition in the rhizosphere[J].Applied Soil Ecology,108:47-53.
ZHANG G,WANG D,YUANCHUN Y U,et al.,2016.Effects of straw incorporation plus nitrogen fertilizer on rice yield,nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen loss[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition&Fertilizer,22(4):877-885.
鲍士旦,2000.土壤农化分析[M].第3版.北京:中国农业出版社.BAO S D,2000.Analysis of Soil Agricultural Chemistry[M].Third editon.Beijing:China Agriculture Press.
蔡立群,牛怡,罗珠珠,等,2014.秸秆促腐还田土壤养分及微生物量的动态变化[J].中国生态农业学报,22(9):1047-1056.CAI L Q,NIU Y,LUO Z Z,et al.,2014.Effects of different amount of maize straw returning on soil fertility and yield of winter wheat[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,22(9):1047-1056
陈帅,刘峙嵘,曾凯,2016.腐秆剂对水稻秸秆腐解性能的影响[J].环境工程学报,10(2):839-844.CHEN S,LIU Z R,ZENG K,2016.Effect of straw-decomposing inoculant on decomposition of rice straw[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,10(2):839-844
丁文成,李书田,黄绍敏,2016.氮肥管理和秸秆腐熟剂对15N标记玉米秸秆氮有效性与去向的影响[J].中国农业科学,49(14):2725-2736.DING W C,LI S T,HUANG S M,2016.Bioavailability and Fate of Nitrogen from 15N-labeled Corn Straw as Affected by Nitrogen Management and Straw Microbial Inoculants[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,49(14):2725-2736
丁雪丽,何红波,李小波,等,2008.不同供氮水平对玉米秸秆降解初期碳素矿化及微生物量的影响[J].土壤通报,39(4):784-788.DING X L,HE H B,LI X B,et al.,2008.Effect of Nitrogen Level on Carbon Mineralization and Microbial Biomass During Initial Decomposition of Maize Straw[J].Chinese journal of soil science,39(4):784-788.
高金虎,孙占祥,冯良山,等,2012.秸秆与氮肥配施对辽西旱区土壤酶活性与土壤养分的影响[J].生态环境学报,21(4):677-681.GAO J H,SUN Z X,FENG L S,et al.,2012.Effects of corn straws plus nitrogen fertilizer on the soil nutrients and enzymatic activites in the arid area of Eastern Liaoning province[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,21(4):677-681.
耿丽平,薛培英,刘会玲,等,2015.促腐菌剂对还田小麦秸秆腐解及土壤生物学性状的影响[J].水土保持学报,29(4):305-310.GENG L P,XUE P Y,LIU H L,et al.,2015.Effects of Microbial Inoculants on Wheat Straw Decomposition and Soil Biological Properties[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,29(4):305-310.
胡诚,陈云峰,乔艳,等,2016.秸秆还田配施腐熟剂对低产黄泥田的改良作用[J].植物营养与肥料学报,22(1):59-66.HU C,CHEN Y F,QIAO Y,et al.,2016.Effect of returning straw added with straw-decomposing inoculants on soil melioration in low-yielding yellow clayey soil[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,22(1):59-66
黄婷苗,王朝辉,侯仰毅,等,2017.施氮对关中还田玉米秸秆腐解和养分释放特征的影响[J].应用生态学报,28(7):2261-2268.HUANG M T,WANG Z H,HOU Y Y,et al.,2017.Effects of nitrogen application on decomposition and nutrient release of returned maize straw in Guanzhong Plain,Northwest China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,28(7):2261-2268.
李昌明,王晓玥,孙波,2017.不同气候和土壤条件下秸秆腐解过程中养分的释放特征及其影响因素[J].土壤学报,54(5):1206-1217.LI C M,WANG X Y,SUN B,2017.Characteristics of Nutrient Release and Its Affecting Factors during Plant Residue Decomposition under Different Climate and Soil Conditions[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,54(5):1206-1217.
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