弯段溢洪道导流墩联合糙条消能工水力特性试验研究
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摘要
由于弯道离心力与边墙的作用,导致溢洪道内产生水面超高、横向冲击波等问题。为了充分体现加设导流墩糙条后对溢洪道内水力特性影响,通过对曲率半径与底宽比值为2. 2的60°弯段溢洪道试验研究,得到了不同试验方案下溢洪道各典型横断面的水深与水流动力轴线分布规律。结果表明:导流墩布设位置和个数均可以一定程度地改善溢洪道内水面结构形态,单一形式导流墩对弯道内水面结构改善效果不如导流墩和糙条联合布置形式; 5组试验方案最大水面差及最大水深在1/5～2/5弯道横断面和4/5弯道横断面相邻上下游位置发生频率较大,且导流墩糙条联合方案的水流动力轴线更趋向弯道中轴线;相比同类消能工,导流墩糙条联合形式布置在弯道内更加节约工程造价,且施工较方便,可为实际工程设计提供理论参考依据。
Due to the effects of bend centrifugal force and abutment wall,many problems in spillway,such as water surface superelevation,transverse shock waves happen. In order to fully embody the influence of added diversion pier and rough-strip on the hydraulic characteristics of the spillway,we studied a60° bend spillway with a 2. 2 ratio of curvature radius to bottom width,and got water depth and flow dynamic axis distribution of typical cross sections of spillway in different experimental schemes. The results indicated that the location of diversion piers and numbers can improve the structure and figure of water surface in spillway to some extent,and the improvement effect of single diversion pier to water surface structure in bend was no better than the combined form of diversion pier and rough-strips. The incidence of largest water surface difference and largest water depth is larger in neighboring upstream and downstream positions of 1/5 ～ 2/5 cross section of curve and 4/5 cross section of curve,and the flow dynamic axis of combined scheme of diversion pier and strips was prone to the bend axis. Compared to other energy dissipators of the same type,the combined form of diversion pier and strips position in bend is more economical in saving construction 's cost and making construction convenient,which provides theoretical referential evidence for practical construction design.
Due to the effects of bend centrifugal force and abutment wall,many problems in spillway,such as water surface superelevation,transverse shock waves happen. In order to fully embody the influence of added diversion pier and rough-strip on the hydraulic characteristics of the spillway,we studied a60° bend spillway with a 2. 2 ratio of curvature radius to bottom width,and got water depth and flow dynamic axis distribution of typical cross sections of spillway in different experimental schemes. The results indicated that the location of diversion piers and numbers can improve the structure and figure of water surface in spillway to some extent,and the improvement effect of single diversion pier to water surface structure in bend was no better than the combined form of diversion pier and rough-strips. The incidence of largest water surface difference and largest water depth is larger in neighboring upstream and downstream positions of 1/5 ～ 2/5 cross section of curve and 4/5 cross section of curve,and the flow dynamic axis of combined scheme of diversion pier and strips was prone to the bend axis. Compared to other energy dissipators of the same type,the combined form of diversion pier and strips position in bend is more economical in saving construction 's cost and making construction convenient,which provides theoretical referential evidence for practical construction design.
引文
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[4]谢谦城,苗伟波,戴文鸿,等.水沙变化条件下黄河下游连续弯段水流特性研究[J].水资源与水工程学报,2016,27(4):157-161+168.
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[8]徐乐,牧振伟,蒋健楠,等.新疆盖孜河塔什米里克引水枢纽引水防沙试验研究[J].水资源与水工程学报,2016,27(4):162-168.
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[11]李锦艳,牧振伟,李新.多弯段溢洪道加设导流墩糙条后水流三维数值模拟[J].水利与建筑工程学报,2016,14(1):91-95.
[12]李锦艳.多弯段溢洪道糙条对水流消能导流作用研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2016.
[13]翟兴涛.溢洪道泄槽不同弯道条件与导流墙布置方案水流特性试验研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2014.
[14]王博.连续弯道水流及床面变形的试验研究[D].北京:清华大学,2008.
[15]马淼,李国栋,宁健.小宽深比条件下弯道水流特性的试验研究[J].工程科学与技术,2017,49(6):38-46.
[2]张红武,吕昕.弯道水力学[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1993.
[3]周勤,伍超,赵元弘,等.“S”型溢洪道水流特性试验与数值模拟研究[J].水力发电学报,2005,24(3):78-82.
[4]谢谦城,苗伟波,戴文鸿,等.水沙变化条件下黄河下游连续弯段水流特性研究[J].水资源与水工程学报,2016,27(4):157-161+168.
[5]邱秀云,侯杰,孙涛,等.一种消除陡坡弯道急流冲击波的新措施[J].水力发电,1998(11):18-20+64.
[6]魏祖涛,侍克斌,陈成林,等.溢洪道加糙对水流流态影响的试验研究[J].水资源与水工程学报,2010,21(5):76-78.
[7]白兆亮,李琳,王苗,等.某渠首工程整体水工模型试验研究[J].水资源与水资源学报,2014,25(1):164-168.
[8]徐乐,牧振伟,蒋健楠,等.新疆盖孜河塔什米里克引水枢纽引水防沙试验研究[J].水资源与水工程学报,2016,27(4):162-168.
[9]王田田,常倩,张庆华,等.导流墙对弯道横断面水面差影响实验[J].南水北调与水利科技,2016,14(6):148-153+164.
[10]孙娟,陈晓梅.导流墩和糙条对溢洪道弯道水流的调整作用[J].新疆水利,2001(6):6-9.
[11]李锦艳,牧振伟,李新.多弯段溢洪道加设导流墩糙条后水流三维数值模拟[J].水利与建筑工程学报,2016,14(1):91-95.
[12]李锦艳.多弯段溢洪道糙条对水流消能导流作用研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2016.
[13]翟兴涛.溢洪道泄槽不同弯道条件与导流墙布置方案水流特性试验研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2014.
[14]王博.连续弯道水流及床面变形的试验研究[D].北京:清华大学,2008.
[15]马淼,李国栋,宁健.小宽深比条件下弯道水流特性的试验研究[J].工程科学与技术,2017,49(6):38-46.
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