两淮地区燃煤电厂砷、汞、氟、铍和铀的大气排放清单的研究
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摘要
安徽两淮地区(淮南和淮北)为华东地区最重要的能源基地,共有8个大型燃煤电厂,小型电厂数量众多,坑口电厂煤电的转换,污染物多残留原地,PM_(2.5)细颗粒物及有害元素大气排放尤需关注。两淮煤田煤中As、Hg、F、Be和U不富集,但燃煤电厂煤消费量大,而两淮地区燃煤电厂有害元素的大气排放量相关报道较少;基于该地区煤炭消费量、煤中元素含量和元素大气排放因子,建立了有害元素As、Hg、F、Be和U的大气排放清单,结果表明:2012年两淮地区燃煤电厂As、Hg、F、Be和U的大气排放量分别为0.31 t、1.93 t、727 t、0.08 t和0.18 t。
The Huainan and Huaibei areas in Anhui Province, where eight large coal-fired power plants and numerous small power plants located, are the most important energy base in eastern China. The power generation from these large pit mouth power plants released large amount of pollutants into surrounding area, such as(ultra)fine particles(PM_(2.5)) and harmful trace elements(i.e., As, Hg, F, Be, and U), which is of great concerns. Though the As, Hg, F, Be, and U are not enriched in the Huainan and Huaibei coals, the coal consumption is great by the coal-fired power plants in this area, the amount of atmospheric emission of these harmful elements from the coal-fired power plants is less reported. Based on the coal consumption, element content in coal and element atmospheric emission factors in this region, this paper established the atmospheric emission inventory of As, Hg, F, Be, and U from coal-fired power plants. Results indicated that the atmospheric emissions of As, Hg, F, Be, and U from the Huainan and Huaibei coal-fired power plants in 2012 were 0.31 t, 1.93 t, 727 t, 0.08 t, and 0.18 t, respectively.
The Huainan and Huaibei areas in Anhui Province, where eight large coal-fired power plants and numerous small power plants located, are the most important energy base in eastern China. The power generation from these large pit mouth power plants released large amount of pollutants into surrounding area, such as(ultra)fine particles(PM_(2.5)) and harmful trace elements(i.e., As, Hg, F, Be, and U), which is of great concerns. Though the As, Hg, F, Be, and U are not enriched in the Huainan and Huaibei coals, the coal consumption is great by the coal-fired power plants in this area, the amount of atmospheric emission of these harmful elements from the coal-fired power plants is less reported. Based on the coal consumption, element content in coal and element atmospheric emission factors in this region, this paper established the atmospheric emission inventory of As, Hg, F, Be, and U from coal-fired power plants. Results indicated that the atmospheric emissions of As, Hg, F, Be, and U from the Huainan and Huaibei coal-fired power plants in 2012 were 0.31 t, 1.93 t, 727 t, 0.08 t, and 0.18 t, respectively.
引文
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[2] 赵毅,薛方明,王涵,等.“十二五”期间中国燃煤电厂汞排放量估算[J].中国电力,2014,47(2):135-139.
[3] 裴冰.燃煤电厂烟尘铅排放状况外场实测研究[J].环境科学学报,2013,33(6):1697-1702.
[4] 田贺忠,赵丹,何孟常,等.2005年中国燃煤大气锑排放清单[J].中国环境科学,2010,30(11):1550-1557.
[5] 张静静,郑娜,周秋红,等.内蒙古自治区原煤中汞含量分布及燃煤大气汞排放量估算[J].环境化学,2014,33(9):1613-1614.
[6] Chen J,Liu G,Kang Y,et al.Atmospheric emissions of F,As,Se,Hg,and Sb from coal-fired power and heat generation in China[J].Chemosphere,2013,90(6):1925-1932.
[7] 刘怀雪,谢礼国.安徽省煤炭资源[J].安徽地质,2002,12(2):120-123.
[8] 霍立新.安徽省煤炭资源特征分析[J].安徽地质,2016,26(4):264-267.
[9] 国家统计局能源统计司.中国能源统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2016.
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[12] 张晶.淮南煤热电利用过程中微量元素转化迁移行为研究[D].淮南:安徽理工大学.2009.
[13] 葛涛.淮南煤田煤中有害元素特征研究[D].淮南:安徽理工大学.2009.
[14] 黄文辉,杨起,彭苏萍,等.淮南二叠纪煤及其燃烧产物地球化学特征[J].地球科学-中国地质大学学报,2001,26(5):501-507.
[15] 郑旺,刘桂建,郑刘根.淮北煤中12种有害微量元素在煤及其灰中的分布特征[J].地球与环境,2005,33(1):27-32.
[16] 童柳华,严家平,唐修义.淮南煤中微量元素及分布特征[J].矿业安全与环保,2004,31(b06):94-96.
[17] 赵继尧,唐修义,黄文辉.中国煤中微量元素的丰度[J].中国煤炭地质,2002,14(s1):5-13.
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[19] Fu B.,Liu G.,Liu Y.,et al.Coal quality characterization and its relationship with geological process of the Early Permian Huainan coal deposits,southern North China[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,2016,166:33-44.
[20] Sun R.,Liu G.,Zheng L.,et al.Characteristics of coal quality and their relationship with coal-forming environment:A case study from the Zhuji exploration area,Huainan coalfield,Anhui,China[J].Energy,2010,35(1):423-435.
[21] Yan Z.,Liu G.Geochemistry of trace elements in coals from the Huainan Coalfield,Anhui,China[J].Geochemical Journal,2014,48:331-344.
[22] 吴江平.淮南煤田东部煤中微量元素及其环境意义研究[D].淮南:安徽理工大学,2006.
[23] 陈萍,唐修义.中国煤中的氟[J].中国煤炭地质,2002,14(s1):33-36.
[24] 杨萍玥,张浩原,郑旺,等.淮北煤中几种具有环境意义的微量元素分布[J].煤田地质与勘探,2004,32(2):1-3.
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[26] Goodarzi F.Assessment of elemental content of milled coal,combustion residues,and stack emitted materials:Possible environmental effects for a Canadian pulverized coal-fired power plant[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2006,65(1):17-25.
[27] Tang S.,Wang L.,Feng X.,et al.Actual mercury speciation and mercury discharges from coal-fired power plants in Inner Mongolia,Northern China[J].Fuel,2016,180:194-204.
[28] Tian H.,Wang Y.,Xue Z.,et al.Atmospheric emissions estimation of Hg,As,and Se from coal-fired power plants in China,2007[J].Science of the Total Environment,2011,409(16):3078-3081.
[29] Oterorey J.R.,Lópezvilariňo J.M.,Moredapiňeiro J.,et al.As,Hg,and Se flue gas sampling in a coal-fired power plant and their fate during coal combustion[J].Environmental Science & Technology,2003,37(22):5262-5267.
[30] Reddy M.S.,Basha S.,Joshi H.V.,et al.Evaluation of the emission characteristics of trace metals from coal and fuel oil fired power plants and their fate during combustion[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2005,123(1):242-249.
[31] Meij R.,Winkel H.The emissions of heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants from modern coal-fired power stations[J].Atmospheric Environment,2007,41(40):9262-9272.
[32] Tian H.Z.,Zhao D.,He M.C.,et al.Temporal and spatial distribution of atmospheric antimony emission inventories from coal combustion in China[J].Environmental Pollution,2011,159(6):1613-1619.
[33] 朱珍锦,薛来,谈仪,等.300MW煤粉锅炉燃烧产物中汞的分布特征研究[J].动力工程,2002,(1):1594-1597.
[34] 周劲松,张乐,骆仲泱,等.300MW机组锅炉汞排放及控制研究[J].热力发电,2008,(4):22-27.
[35] Wu Y,Wang S,Streets D G,et al.Trends in anthropogenic mercury emissions in China from 1995 to 2003 [ J].Environmental Science and Technology,2006,40 (17):5312-5318.
[36] Chen J.,Chen P.,Yao D.,et al.Geochemistry of uranium in Chinese coals and the emission inventory of coal-fired power plants in China[J].International Geology Review,2018,60(5-6):621-637.
[37] 内蒙古自治区统计局.内蒙古统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2013.
[38] 万勤,孟优.石河子燃煤电厂砷的排放分析[J].新疆环境保护,2015,37(3):6-9.
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