沙颍河流域典型癌病高发区水体硝态氮污染及健康风险
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摘要
分别在雨季和旱季对癌病高发区地表水和地下水进行采样分析,探讨该区域地表水和地下水NO~-_3-N和NO~-_2-N污染状况、季节变化和空间分布特点,以及相应的健康风险.结果表明,雨季地表水和地下水NO~-_3-N含量明显高于旱季.受污染沙颍河水的影响,沿岸癌病高发村庄饮水井雨季NO~-_3-N污染严重,平均含量达到38.32 mg·L~(-1),超标近3倍,而旱季则存在NO~-_2-N污染,平均含量达到0.69 mg·L~(-1).研究区癌病高发村庄居民存在饮水NO~-_3-N暴露的健康风险,其年平均健康总风险达到1.02×10~(-8) a~(-1),为其他村庄居民的6倍以上,饮水NO~-_3-N污染是癌病高发村庄居民的健康危害因素.
NO~-_3-N and NO~-_2-N concentrations are determined in samples from surface water and groundwater of rainy seaon and dry season differently in a high cancer incidence area. Seasonal variation and spatial distribution as well as the corresponding health risk caused by NO~-_3-N and NO~-_2-N are analyzed and evaluated. The results shown that with significant seasonal variation, NO~-_3-N concentrations in surface water and groundwater in rainy season are much higher than that in dry sean. As a result of the influence by severely polluted Shaying River, the drinking water of the cancer village are heavily polluted by NO~-_3-N in rainy season and NO~-_2-N in dry season. The average NO~-_3-N concentration in drinking water of the cancer village reached 38.32 mg·L~(-1) in rainy season, nearly 4 times of the standard, and the average NO~-_2-N concentration in drinking water of the cancer village reached 0.69 mg·L~(-1) in dry season. The results also indicated that health risk caused by noncarcinogens NO~-_3-N has occurred. The health risk for residents in cancer village reached 1.02×10~(-8) a~(-1), more than 6 times of the risk for residents in other village, which means that the NO~-_3-N pollution in drinking water was a main health hazard factor to the residents in cancer village.
NO~-_3-N and NO~-_2-N concentrations are determined in samples from surface water and groundwater of rainy seaon and dry season differently in a high cancer incidence area. Seasonal variation and spatial distribution as well as the corresponding health risk caused by NO~-_3-N and NO~-_2-N are analyzed and evaluated. The results shown that with significant seasonal variation, NO~-_3-N concentrations in surface water and groundwater in rainy season are much higher than that in dry sean. As a result of the influence by severely polluted Shaying River, the drinking water of the cancer village are heavily polluted by NO~-_3-N in rainy season and NO~-_2-N in dry season. The average NO~-_3-N concentration in drinking water of the cancer village reached 38.32 mg·L~(-1) in rainy season, nearly 4 times of the standard, and the average NO~-_2-N concentration in drinking water of the cancer village reached 0.69 mg·L~(-1) in dry season. The results also indicated that health risk caused by noncarcinogens NO~-_3-N has occurred. The health risk for residents in cancer village reached 1.02×10~(-8) a~(-1), more than 6 times of the risk for residents in other village, which means that the NO~-_3-N pollution in drinking water was a main health hazard factor to the residents in cancer village.
引文
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Bryan N S,Ivy J L.2015.Inorganic nitrite and nitrate:evidence to support consideration as dietary nutrients[J].Nutrition Research,35(8):643-654
陈云增,陈志凡,马建华,等.2016.沙颍河流域典型癌病高发区土壤硝态氮对地下水和蔬菜硝酸盐积累的影响[J].环境科学学报,36(3):990-998
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李兰芳,陈海珍,潘翊,等.2012.广州市主城区饮用水中“三氮”含量及健康风险评价[J].环境与健康杂志,29(10):923-925
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Mencio A,Mas-Pla J,Otero N,et al.2015.Nitrate pollution of groundwater;all right…,but nothing else?[J].Science of the Total Environment,539:241-251
孟珊珊,归冠,李鲁娟,等.2016.亚硝酸盐和铵盐联合暴露通过ROS/ODC 途径促进肝癌细胞侵袭[J].药学学报,51(7):1083-1090
Mistry M,Stokes A M,Gambrell J V,et al.2014.Nitrite induces the extravasation of iron oxide nanoparticles in hypoxic tumor tissue[J].Nmr in Biomedicine,27(4):425-430
戚晓鹏,计伟,任红艳,等.2012.淮河流域上消化道肿瘤与环境污染的模型分析[J].地球信息科学学报,14(4):432-441
Qu X M,Wu Z F,Pang B X,et al.2016.From nitrate to nitric oxide:The role of salivary glands and oral bacteria[J].Journal of Dental Research,95(13):1452-1456
Quijano L,Yusa V,Font G,et al.2016.Risk assessment and monitoring programme of nitrates through vegetables in the Region of Valencia(Spain)[J].Food and Chemical Toxicology,100:42-49
Ranasinghe S.2018.Nitrate and nitrite content of vegetables:A review[J].Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry,7(4):322-328
Rantanen P L,Mellin I,Kein?nen-Toivola M,et al.2018.The seasonality of nitrite concentrations in a chloraminated drinking water distribution system[J].International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,115(8):1756-1773
Rojas Fabro A Y,Pacheco Avila J G,Esteller Alberich M V,et al.2015.Spatial distribution of nitrate health risk associated with groundwater use as drinking water in Merida,Mexico[J].Applied Geography,65:49-57
Schullehner J,Stayner L,Hansen B.2017.Nitrate,nitrite,and ammonium variability in drinking water distribution systems[J].Int J Environ Res Public Health,14(3):276,doi:10.3390/ijerph14030276
史齐,皇甫超申.2012.亚硝酸盐与癌的启动、演进的关系[J].肿瘤防治研究,39(3):356-258
US EPA.1992.Guidelines for exposure assessment[R].Washington DC:Office of Health and Environmental Assessment
US EPA.2009.Six-year review 2 health effects assessment:Summary report[R].EPA 822-R-09-006.Washington DC:Office of Water(4304T)
王睿,张磊,刘忠慧,等.2015.天津市农村饮用水水质健康风险初评[J].环境化学,34(10):1961-1963
席北斗,虞敏达,张媛,等.2016.华北典型污灌区有机氯农药残留特征及健康风险评价[J].生态毒理学报,11(2):453-464
杨海莹,郭风军,范维江,等.2016.饮食中亚硝酸盐的来源及其对人体的影响[J].食品研究与开发,37(3):209-213
Zhai Y Z,Zhao X B,Teng Y G,et al.2017.Groundwater nitrate pollution and human health risk assessment by using HHRA model in an agricultural area,NE China[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,137:130-142
张杰,祝刚,张丁.2015.2010—2013年河南省淮河流域四县农村地区饮用水水质卫生监测分析[J].环境卫生学杂志,(3):258-259
Zhang P,Lee J,Kang G,et al.2018.Disparity of nitrate and nitrite in vivo in cancer villages as compared to other areas in Huai River Basin,China[J].Science of the Total Environment,612:966-974
张千千,王慧玮,翟天伦,等.2017.滹沱河冲洪积扇地下水硝酸盐的污染特征及污染源解析[J].水文地质与工程地质,(6):110-117
赵秀阁,段小丽.2014.中国人群暴露参数:概要.成人卷[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社
Zhou L,Zahid M,Anwar M M,et al.2016.Suggestive evidence for the induction of colonic aberrant crypts in mice fed sodium nitrite[J].Nutrition and Cancer,68(1):1-8
Beeckman F,Motte H,Beeckman T.2018.Nitrification in agricultural soils:impact,actors and mitigation[J].Current Opinion in Biotechnology,50:166-173
Blekkenhorst L C,Prince R L,Ward N C,et al.2017.Development of a reference database for assessing dietary nitrate in vegetables[J].Molecular Nutrition & Food Research,61(8),DOI:10.1002/mnfr.201600982
Bryan N S,Alexander D D,Coughlin J R,et al.2012.Ingested nitrate and nitrite and stomach cancer risk:an updated review[J].Food & Chemical Toxicology,50(10):3646-3665
Bryan N S,Ivy J L.2015.Inorganic nitrite and nitrate:evidence to support consideration as dietary nutrients[J].Nutrition Research,35(8):643-654
陈云增,陈志凡,马建华,等.2016.沙颍河流域典型癌病高发区土壤硝态氮对地下水和蔬菜硝酸盐积累的影响[J].环境科学学报,36(3):990-998
陈云增,李天奇,马建华,等.2018.沙颍河流域典型癌病高发区居民硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐暴露及健康风险[J].环境科学学报,38(1):363-371
Espejoherrera N,Gracialavedan E,Boldo E,et al.2016.Colorectal cancer risk and nitrate exposure through drinking water and diet[J].International Journal of Cancer,139(2):334-346
Giguere G T,Taylor A E,Myrold D D,et al.2018.Nitrite-oxidizing activity responds to nitrite accumulation in soil[J].Fems Microbiology Ecology,94(3),DOI:10.1093/femsec/fiy008
龚胜生,张涛.2013.中国“癌症村”时空分布变迁研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,23(9):156-164
Gumanova N G,Deev A D,Klimushina M V,et al.2017.Serum nitrate and nitrite are associated with the prevalence of various chronic diseases except cancer[J].International Angiology,36(2):160-166
Habermeyer M,Roth A,Guth S,et al.2015.Nitrate and nitrite in the diet:how to assess their benefit and risk for human health[J].Molecular Nutrition and Food Research,59(1):106-28
Inoue-Choi M,Jones R R,Anderson K E,et al.2015.Nitrate and nitrite ingestion and risk of ovarian cancer among postmenopausal women in Iowa[J].International Journal of Cancer,137(1):173-82
Jackson J,Patterson A J,Macdonaldwicks L,et al.2017.The role of inorganic nitrate and nitrite in CVD[J].Nutrition Research Reviews,30(2):1-18
Jin Z F,Zheng Q,Zhu C Y,et al.2018.Contribution of nitrate sources in surface water in multiple land use areas by combining isotopes and a Bayesian isotope mixing model[J].Applied Geochemistry,93:10-19
Jones R R,Weyer P J,Dellavalle C T,et al.2017.Ingested nitrate,disinfection by-products,and kidney cancer risk in older women[J].Epidemiology,28(5):703-711
Kobayashi J.2018.Effect of diet and gut environment on the gastrointestinal formation of N -nitroso compounds:A review[J].Nitric Oxide,73:66-73
李兰芳,陈海珍,潘翊,等.2012.广州市主城区饮用水中“三氮”含量及健康风险评价[J].环境与健康杂志,29(10):923-925
刘良策,孟珊珊,归冠,等.2017.亚硝酸盐调控人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞癌干细胞特性[J].药物学报,52(8):1241-1249
Mencio A,Mas-Pla J,Otero N,et al.2015.Nitrate pollution of groundwater;all right…,but nothing else?[J].Science of the Total Environment,539:241-251
孟珊珊,归冠,李鲁娟,等.2016.亚硝酸盐和铵盐联合暴露通过ROS/ODC 途径促进肝癌细胞侵袭[J].药学学报,51(7):1083-1090
Mistry M,Stokes A M,Gambrell J V,et al.2014.Nitrite induces the extravasation of iron oxide nanoparticles in hypoxic tumor tissue[J].Nmr in Biomedicine,27(4):425-430
戚晓鹏,计伟,任红艳,等.2012.淮河流域上消化道肿瘤与环境污染的模型分析[J].地球信息科学学报,14(4):432-441
Qu X M,Wu Z F,Pang B X,et al.2016.From nitrate to nitric oxide:The role of salivary glands and oral bacteria[J].Journal of Dental Research,95(13):1452-1456
Quijano L,Yusa V,Font G,et al.2016.Risk assessment and monitoring programme of nitrates through vegetables in the Region of Valencia(Spain)[J].Food and Chemical Toxicology,100:42-49
Ranasinghe S.2018.Nitrate and nitrite content of vegetables:A review[J].Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry,7(4):322-328
Rantanen P L,Mellin I,Kein?nen-Toivola M,et al.2018.The seasonality of nitrite concentrations in a chloraminated drinking water distribution system[J].International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,115(8):1756-1773
Rojas Fabro A Y,Pacheco Avila J G,Esteller Alberich M V,et al.2015.Spatial distribution of nitrate health risk associated with groundwater use as drinking water in Merida,Mexico[J].Applied Geography,65:49-57
Schullehner J,Stayner L,Hansen B.2017.Nitrate,nitrite,and ammonium variability in drinking water distribution systems[J].Int J Environ Res Public Health,14(3):276,doi:10.3390/ijerph14030276
史齐,皇甫超申.2012.亚硝酸盐与癌的启动、演进的关系[J].肿瘤防治研究,39(3):356-258
US EPA.1992.Guidelines for exposure assessment[R].Washington DC:Office of Health and Environmental Assessment
US EPA.2009.Six-year review 2 health effects assessment:Summary report[R].EPA 822-R-09-006.Washington DC:Office of Water(4304T)
王睿,张磊,刘忠慧,等.2015.天津市农村饮用水水质健康风险初评[J].环境化学,34(10):1961-1963
席北斗,虞敏达,张媛,等.2016.华北典型污灌区有机氯农药残留特征及健康风险评价[J].生态毒理学报,11(2):453-464
杨海莹,郭风军,范维江,等.2016.饮食中亚硝酸盐的来源及其对人体的影响[J].食品研究与开发,37(3):209-213
Zhai Y Z,Zhao X B,Teng Y G,et al.2017.Groundwater nitrate pollution and human health risk assessment by using HHRA model in an agricultural area,NE China[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,137:130-142
张杰,祝刚,张丁.2015.2010—2013年河南省淮河流域四县农村地区饮用水水质卫生监测分析[J].环境卫生学杂志,(3):258-259
Zhang P,Lee J,Kang G,et al.2018.Disparity of nitrate and nitrite in vivo in cancer villages as compared to other areas in Huai River Basin,China[J].Science of the Total Environment,612:966-974
张千千,王慧玮,翟天伦,等.2017.滹沱河冲洪积扇地下水硝酸盐的污染特征及污染源解析[J].水文地质与工程地质,(6):110-117
赵秀阁,段小丽.2014.中国人群暴露参数:概要.成人卷[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社
Zhou L,Zahid M,Anwar M M,et al.2016.Suggestive evidence for the induction of colonic aberrant crypts in mice fed sodium nitrite[J].Nutrition and Cancer,68(1):1-8
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