氮素供应对春玉米产量及冠层部分指标的影响与相关分析
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摘要
采用辽宁地区5个地方品种进行低、中、高3个氮素水平的比较试验(N0:不施氮、N1:112 kg/hm~2、N2:225 kg/hm~2),探究氮素对玉米冠层指标的影响及与产量因素的相关性。相关、逐步回归分析表明,随着施氮量升高,品种产量和穗粒数显著提高。不同氮素水平下,冠层指标与产量因素相关性有差异。穗粒数在N0处理下,与吐丝期叶氮比(SLN)和叶片氮浓度呈负相关,相关强度排序为吐丝期SLN>吐丝期叶片氮浓度;N1处理下,与乳熟期LAI呈正相关,与吐丝期叶片氮浓度和吐丝期绿叶数呈负相关,相关强度排序为吐丝期叶片氮浓度>乳熟期LAI>吐丝期绿叶数;N2处理下,穗粒数与冠层指标相关性不显著。百粒重在N0处理下,与吐丝期穗位叶SPAD值呈正相关,与吐丝期LAI和乳熟期穗位叶SPAD值呈负相关,相关强度排序为吐丝期LAI>吐丝期SPAD>乳熟期SPAD;N1处理下,与乳熟期穗位叶SPAD值呈正相关,与乳熟期LAI呈负相关,相关强度排序为乳熟期LAI>乳熟期SPAD值;在N2处理下,与吐丝期比叶面积(SLA)、SLN、乳熟期绿叶数呈负相关,相关强度排序为吐丝期SLN、SLA>乳熟期绿叶数。
In order to research the effects of partial canopy characters at different nitrogen levels and correlation between yield facts and canopy characters, this experiment were conducted under three nitrogen levels(low, middle, high) by using five local cultivars in Liaoning province, no nitrogen N0; N1 112 kg/ha; N2: 225 kg/ha. The results of correlation and stepwise regression showed that, the yield and the number of grains per spike were significantly increased with increasing nitrogen level, the SPAD value of ear leaf, leaf nitrogen concentration, leaf nitrogen ratio, leaf area index of each cultivar showed an increasing trend. The correlation between canopy characters and yield factors is significantly under different nitrogen levels. Under N0, Kernels number per spike was negatively correlated with canopy traits, the order was leaf nitrogen ratio > the nitrogen concentration in the silking stage; Under N1, the correlation showed positive correlated with LAI at silking, but negatively correlations with other traits, the order was leaf nitrogen concentration at silking stage > LAI at silking stage > green leaf number at milky stage. Under N2, the intensity of correlation was not exactly, there was no exact advantage trait. Under N0, the correlation between 100-kernel weight and SPAD of ear leaf at silking was positive, negatively to other traits,the order was:LAI at silking > SPAD at silking > SPAD at milky; Under N1, it was positive correlated with SLN at milking, and negatively with LAI at silking, the order was LAI at silking > SLN at silking; Under N2, the correlation with main traits were negatively, the order was SLN, SLA of silking > green leaf No. at milky stage.
In order to research the effects of partial canopy characters at different nitrogen levels and correlation between yield facts and canopy characters, this experiment were conducted under three nitrogen levels(low, middle, high) by using five local cultivars in Liaoning province, no nitrogen N0; N1 112 kg/ha; N2: 225 kg/ha. The results of correlation and stepwise regression showed that, the yield and the number of grains per spike were significantly increased with increasing nitrogen level, the SPAD value of ear leaf, leaf nitrogen concentration, leaf nitrogen ratio, leaf area index of each cultivar showed an increasing trend. The correlation between canopy characters and yield factors is significantly under different nitrogen levels. Under N0, Kernels number per spike was negatively correlated with canopy traits, the order was leaf nitrogen ratio > the nitrogen concentration in the silking stage; Under N1, the correlation showed positive correlated with LAI at silking, but negatively correlations with other traits, the order was leaf nitrogen concentration at silking stage > LAI at silking stage > green leaf number at milky stage. Under N2, the intensity of correlation was not exactly, there was no exact advantage trait. Under N0, the correlation between 100-kernel weight and SPAD of ear leaf at silking was positive, negatively to other traits,the order was:LAI at silking > SPAD at silking > SPAD at milky; Under N1, it was positive correlated with SLN at milking, and negatively with LAI at silking, the order was LAI at silking > SLN at silking; Under N2, the correlation with main traits were negatively, the order was SLN, SLA of silking > green leaf No. at milky stage.
引文
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[11]王帘里，孙波，隋跃宇，等.不同气候和土壤条件下玉米叶片叶绿素相对含量对土壤氮素供应和玉米产量的预测[J].植物营养与肥料学报，2009,15(2):327-335.Wang L L,Sun B,Sui Y Y,et al.Prediction of soil nitrogen supply and maize yields with the relative chlorophyll contents of leaves under different climates and soil conditions[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2009,15(2):327-335.(in Chinese)
[12]李波，陈喜昌，高云，等.青贮玉米生物产量与植株主要农艺性状相关的研究[J].玉米科学，2005,13(2):6-78.Li B,Chen X C,Gao Y,et al.Correlation study on the main agronomic characters of plant and organism yield of silage maize[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2005,13(2):76-78.(in Chinese)
[13]吕丽华，赵明，赵久然，等.不同施氮量下夏玉米冠层结构及光合特性的变化[J].中国农业科学，2008,41(9):2624-2632.Lu L H,Zhao M,Zhao J R,et al.Canopy structure and photosynthesis of summer maize under different nitrogen fertilizer application rates[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2008,41(9):2624-2632.(in Chinese)
[14]何萍，金继运，林葆.氮肥用量对春玉米叶片衰老的影响及其机理研究[J].中国农业科学，1998,31(3):66-71.He P,Jin J Y,Lin B.Effect of nitrogen application rate on senescence of spring maize leaves and its mechanism[J].Chinese Agricultural Sciences,1998,31(3):66-71.(in Chinese)
[15]鱼欢，杨改河，王之杰.不同施氮量及基追比例对玉米冠层生理性状和产量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报，2010,16(2):266-273.Yu H,Yang G H,Wang Z J.Nitrogen rate and timing considerations on yield and physiological parameters of corn canopy[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2010,16(2):266-273.(in Chinese)
[16]曹娜，于海秋，王绍斌，等.高产玉米群体的冠层结构及光合特性分析[J].玉米科学，2006,14(5):94-97.Cao N,Yu H Q,Wang S B,et al.Analysis on canopy structure and photosynthetic characteristics of high yield maize population[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2006,14(5):94-97.(in Chinese)
[17]Stone P J,Sorensen I B,Jamieson P D.Effect of soil temperature on phenology,canopy development,biomass and yield of maize in a cool-temperate climate[J].Field Crops Research,1999,63(2):169-178.
[18]Maddonni G A,Otegui M E,Cirilo A G.Plant population density,row spacing and hybrid effects on maize canopy architecture and light attenuation[J].Field Crops Research,2001,71(3):183-193.
[19]Zhao J,Yang X,Lin X,et al.Radiation interception and use efficiency contributes to higher yields of newer maize hybrids in Northeast China[J].Agronomy Journal,2015,107(4):1473-1480.
[2]Amanullah M J H,Nawab K,Ali A.Response of specific leaf area(SLA),leaf area index(LAI)and leaf area ratio(LAR)of maize(Zea mays L.)to plant density,rate and timing of nitrogen application[J].World Applied Sciences Journal,2007,2(3):235-243.
[3]Muchow R C,Davis R.Effect of nitrogen supply on the comparative productivity of maize and sorghum in a semi-arid tropical environment II.Radiation interception and biomass accumulation[J].Field Crops Research,1988,18(1):17-30.
[4]Massignam A M,Chapman S C,Hammer G L,et al.Physiological determinants of maize and sunflower grain yield as affected by nitrogen supply[J].Field crops research,2009,113(3):256-267.
[5]于亚利，贾文凯，王春宏，等.春玉米叶片SPAD值与氮含量及产量的相关性研究[J].玉米科学，2011,19(4):89-92.Yu Y L,Jia W K,Wang C H,et al.Study on the relationship of SPAD readings to nitrogen content and to yield in spring maize[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2011,19(4):89-92.(in Chinese)
[6]王立秋.北方早熟玉米9个主要性状间的灰色关联度分析[J].玉米科学，2001,9(2):44-46.Wang L Q.Analysis of grey related degree among nine main characters of the north early-maturing corn[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2001,9(2):44-46.(in Chinese)
[7]Chen K,Camberato J J,Vyn T J.Maize grain yield and kernel component relationships to morphophysiological traits in commercial hybrids separated by four decades[J].Crop Science,2017.
[8]De Bruin J,Messina C D,Munaro E,et al.N distribution in maize plant as a marker for grain yield and limits on its remobilization after flowering[J].Plant Breeding,2013,132(5):500-505.
[9]陈国平，王荣焕，赵久然.玉米高产田的产量结构模式及关键因素分析[J].玉米科学，2009,17(4):89-93.Chen G P,Wang R H,Zhao J R.Analysis on yield structural model and key factors of maize high-yield plots[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2009,17(4):89-93.(in Chinese)
[10]岳尧海，周小辉，杨贤成，等.夏玉米产量性状与产量的灰色关联度分析[J].玉米科学，2004,12(4):21-22.Yue Y H,Zhou X H,Yang X C,et al.Analysis of grey correlated degree between yield trait and yield of summer maize[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2004,12(4):21-22.(in Chinese)
[11]王帘里，孙波，隋跃宇，等.不同气候和土壤条件下玉米叶片叶绿素相对含量对土壤氮素供应和玉米产量的预测[J].植物营养与肥料学报，2009,15(2):327-335.Wang L L,Sun B,Sui Y Y,et al.Prediction of soil nitrogen supply and maize yields with the relative chlorophyll contents of leaves under different climates and soil conditions[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2009,15(2):327-335.(in Chinese)
[12]李波，陈喜昌，高云，等.青贮玉米生物产量与植株主要农艺性状相关的研究[J].玉米科学，2005,13(2):6-78.Li B,Chen X C,Gao Y,et al.Correlation study on the main agronomic characters of plant and organism yield of silage maize[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2005,13(2):76-78.(in Chinese)
[13]吕丽华，赵明，赵久然，等.不同施氮量下夏玉米冠层结构及光合特性的变化[J].中国农业科学，2008,41(9):2624-2632.Lu L H,Zhao M,Zhao J R,et al.Canopy structure and photosynthesis of summer maize under different nitrogen fertilizer application rates[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2008,41(9):2624-2632.(in Chinese)
[14]何萍，金继运，林葆.氮肥用量对春玉米叶片衰老的影响及其机理研究[J].中国农业科学，1998,31(3):66-71.He P,Jin J Y,Lin B.Effect of nitrogen application rate on senescence of spring maize leaves and its mechanism[J].Chinese Agricultural Sciences,1998,31(3):66-71.(in Chinese)
[15]鱼欢，杨改河，王之杰.不同施氮量及基追比例对玉米冠层生理性状和产量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报，2010,16(2):266-273.Yu H,Yang G H,Wang Z J.Nitrogen rate and timing considerations on yield and physiological parameters of corn canopy[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2010,16(2):266-273.(in Chinese)
[16]曹娜，于海秋，王绍斌，等.高产玉米群体的冠层结构及光合特性分析[J].玉米科学，2006,14(5):94-97.Cao N,Yu H Q,Wang S B,et al.Analysis on canopy structure and photosynthetic characteristics of high yield maize population[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2006,14(5):94-97.(in Chinese)
[17]Stone P J,Sorensen I B,Jamieson P D.Effect of soil temperature on phenology,canopy development,biomass and yield of maize in a cool-temperate climate[J].Field Crops Research,1999,63(2):169-178.
[18]Maddonni G A,Otegui M E,Cirilo A G.Plant population density,row spacing and hybrid effects on maize canopy architecture and light attenuation[J].Field Crops Research,2001,71(3):183-193.
[19]Zhao J,Yang X,Lin X,et al.Radiation interception and use efficiency contributes to higher yields of newer maize hybrids in Northeast China[J].Agronomy Journal,2015,107(4):1473-1480.
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