郑州市城区及郊县地下水主要污染组分及成因
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摘要
明确不同地区地下水污染的组分和成因,可为针对性的制定地下水资源管理制度、改善水质提供保障。由于城区和郊县经济发展水平和地下水资源开发利用模式差别较大,水污染程度和污染组分可能存在较大差异。以郑州市的金水区和巩义为例,运用主成分分析法对两者地下水污染状况进行评价。结果表明:巩义市地下水主要污染组分以硝酸盐等有机污染物为主,金水区以硫酸盐、氨氮等有机污染物为主。造成这种现象的主要原因是巩义市工矿企业、农田较多,金水区农田、工矿企业较少而生活污水排放比重较大。根据两个地区不同的地下水污染状况和成因,就地下水资源保护和管理提出针对性的建议。
Clarification of pollutant compositions and pollution sources of groundwater in different areas can provide solid foundation for formulating specific groundwater resources management system and improving water quality.Because of significant differences in economic development level and groundwater resources development/utilization pattern,degree of water pollution and pollution compositions may vary greatly between urban areas and suburbs.Taking Jinshui District and Gongyi County of Zhengzhou for case study,the status of groundwater pollution in two regions is evaluated by applying principal component analysis.The results show that nitrate is the dominant pollutant in Gongyi,while sulfate and ammonia nitrogen are the dominant pollutants in Jinshui,resulting from more discharges from industrial and mining enterprises and farmlands in Gongyi,and more domestic sewages in Jinshui.In view of the different groundwater pollution statuses and sources in two regions,specific suggestions on protection and management of the groundwater resources are put forward.
Clarification of pollutant compositions and pollution sources of groundwater in different areas can provide solid foundation for formulating specific groundwater resources management system and improving water quality.Because of significant differences in economic development level and groundwater resources development/utilization pattern,degree of water pollution and pollution compositions may vary greatly between urban areas and suburbs.Taking Jinshui District and Gongyi County of Zhengzhou for case study,the status of groundwater pollution in two regions is evaluated by applying principal component analysis.The results show that nitrate is the dominant pollutant in Gongyi,while sulfate and ammonia nitrogen are the dominant pollutants in Jinshui,resulting from more discharges from industrial and mining enterprises and farmlands in Gongyi,and more domestic sewages in Jinshui.In view of the different groundwater pollution statuses and sources in two regions,specific suggestions on protection and management of the groundwater resources are put forward.
引文
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[20]刘剑．主成分分析法在沙河水质评价分析中的应用[J]．广东水利水电，2018(2):31-33.(LIU J.Application of principal component analysis in water quality assessment and analysis of Shahe River[J].Guangdong Water Resources and Hydropower,2018(2):31-33(in Chinese)).DOI:10.11905/j.issn.1008-0112.2018.02.006.
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[22]崔晓雨．主成分分析法在乌鲁木齐河水质评价中的应用[J]．水资源开发与管理，2017(10):25-27.(CUI X Y.Application of principal component analysis in water quality assessment of Urumqi River[J].Water Resources Development and Management,2017(10):25-27.(in Chinese)).DOI:10.16616/j.cnki.10-1326/TV.2017.010.008.
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[24]朱谱成，耿新新，马琳娜，等．悖牛川上中游区地下水水化学特征及其成因分析[J]．科学技术与工程，2018,18(19):162-169.(ZHU P C,GENG X X,MA L N,et al.Analysis of hydrochemical characteristics and causes of groundwater in the upper and middle reaches of Baniuchuan[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2018,18(19):162-169.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1671-1815.2018.19.025.
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[2]胡云虎，张付海，钮志远，等．皖北地区集中式深层地下水饮用水源地水化学特征及水质评价[J]．中国科学技术大学学报，2014,44(11):913-920,925.(HU Y H,ZHANG F H,NIU Z Y,et al.Hydrochemical characteristics and water quality evaluation of centralized deep groundwater drinking water sources in northern Anhui[J].Journal of University of Science and Technology of China,2014,44(11):913-920,925.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.0253-2778.2014.11.005.
[3]刘倞．地下水的合理利用与开发[J]．中国煤炭地质，2018,30(S2):48-49.(LIU L.Rational utilization and development of groundwater[J].Coal Geology of China,2018,30(S2):48-49.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1674-1803.2018.S2.13.
[4]张智雄，许模，张强，等．绵阳红层地区浅层地下水水化学特征、成因及水质分析[J]．科学技术与工程，2018,18(3):168-173.(ZHANG Z X,XU M,ZHANG Q,et al.Hydrochemical characteristics,causes and water quality analysis of shallow groundwater in Mianyang red bed area[J].Science technology and engineering,2018,18(3):168-173.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1671-1815.2018.03.025.
[5] XING L N,GUO H M,ZHAN Y H,Groundwater hydrochemical characteristics and processes along flow paths in the North China Plain[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2013,70-71:250-264.DOI:10.1016/j.jseaes.2013.03.017.
[6]蒋辉，孙芳，张秀艳．郑州地区劣质地下水的形成与防治[J]．工程勘察，2010,38(9):39-44.(JIANG H,SUN F,ZHANG X Y.Formation and prevention of inferior groundwater in Zhengzhou area[J].Geotechnical Investigation&Surveying,2010,38(9):39-44.(in Chinese))
[7]朱晓强，王强恒．郑州市地质环境适宜性评价及功能区划[J]．安全与环境工程，2013,20(2):86-90.(ZHU X Q,WANG Q H.Geological environmental suitability evaluation and functional regionalization of Zhengzhou[J].Safety and Environmental Engineering,2013,20(2):86-90.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1671-1556.2013.02.018.
[8]陈婷，危超，储小东，等．郑州城区地下水水位动态特征研究[J]．科技视界，2014(9):302-304.(CHEN T,WEI C,CHU X D,et al.Study on dynamic characteristics of groundwater level in Zhengzhou urban area[J].Science&Technology vision,2014(9):302-304.(in Chinese))DOI:10.19694/j.cnki.issn2095-2457.2014.09.252.
[9]张丽，温斯钧，田晓龙．巩义市城区地下水水质评价分析[J]．华北水利水电大学学报（自然科学版），2016,37(5):68-71.(ZHANG L,WEN S J,TIAN X L,Gongyi City groundwater quality evaluation and analysis[J].Journal of North China University of Water Resources and Electric power(Natural Science Edition),2016,37(5):68-71(in Chinese))
[10]夏凡，胡圣，龚治娟，等．不同水质评价方法的应用比较研究———以丹江口水库入库河流为例[J]．人民长江，2017,48(17):11-15,24.(XIA F,HU S,GONG Z J,et al.A comparative study on the application of different water quality assessment methods———Taking Danjiangkou Reservoir as an example[J].Yangtze River,2017,48(17):11-15,24.(in Chinese))DOI:10.16232/j.cnki.1001-4179.2017.17.003.
[11]张亚丽，周扬，程真，等．不同水质评价方法在丹江口流域水质评价中应用比较[J]．中国环境监测，2015,31(3):58-61.(ZHANG Y L,ZHOU Y,CHENG Z,et al Comparison of different water quality assessment methods in water quality assessment of Danjiangkou watershed[J].Environmental Monitoring of China,2015,31(3):58-61.(in Chinese)).DOI:10.19316/j.issn.1002-6002.2015.03.011.
[12]艾亚迪，魏传江，李丽琴，等．地下水质评价方法对比———以偃师市为例[J]．节水灌溉，2018(11):77-80.(AI Y D,WEI C J,LI L Q.et al.Comparison of groundwater quality evaluation methods:Taking Yanshi City as an example[J].Water saving Irrigation,2018(11):77-80.(in Chinese)).DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1007-4929.2018.11.016.
[13]陈洁，钱会，吴昊．基于三角模糊数的地下水饮用水源地水环境健康风险评价[J]．南水北调与水利科技，2017,15(3):80-85.(CHEN J,QIAN H,WU H.Water environmental health risk assessment of groundwater drinking water sources based on triangular fuzzy numbers[J].South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science&Technology,2017,15(3):80-85.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13476/j.cnki.nsbdqk.2017.03.014.
[14]杨楠，马丰丰，吴天乐，等．基于模糊综合评价法的东江湖水质评价[J]．湖南林业科技，2016,43(5):81-84.(YANG N,MA F F,WU T L.et al.Water quality evaluation of Dongjiang Lake based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method[J].Hunan Forestry Science&Technology,2016,43(5):81-84.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1003-5710.2016.05.0016.
[15]赵颖，王建英，孙燕，等．改进人工神经网络在河南部分河流的水质评价中的应用[J]．环境与发展，2018,30(3):216-217.(ZHAO Y,WANG J Y,SUN Y,et al.Application of improved artificial neural network in water quality assessment of some rivers in Henan[J].Environment and Development,2018,30(3):216-217.(in Chinese))DOI:10.16647/j.cnki.cn15-1369/X.2018.03.129.
[16]钟金鸣，张智超，孙玲玲，等．基于灰色关联度的水质评价分析[J]．水利科技与经济，2017,23(12):42-48.(ZHONG J M,ZHANG Z C,SUN L L,et al.Water quality evaluation analysis based on grey relational degree[J].Water Conservancy Science and Technology and Economy,2017,23(12):42-48.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7175.2017.12.008.
[17]陈颖，李倩．灰色关联法在徐州市地下水水质评价中的应用[J]．地下水，2017,39(4):49-50.(CHEN Y,LI Q.Application of grey correlation method in groundwater quality evaluation in Xuzhou[J].Ground Water,2017,39(4):49-50.(in Chinese)).DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1184.2017.04.015.
[18]刘波．基于改进的灰色聚类分析方法的区域浅层地下水水质综合评价研究[J]．水土保持应用技术，2017(5):1-3.(LIU B.Comprehensive evaluation of regional shallow groundwater quality based on improved grey clustering analysis method[J].Technology of soil and water conservation,2017(5):1-3.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1673-5366.2017.05.01.
[19]马腾飞，陈文波，黄莹波．主成分分析法在高州水库水质评价中的应用[J]．四川环境，2018,37(1):65-71.(MA T F,CHEN W B,HUANG Y B.Application of principal component analysis in water quality evaluation of Gaozhou Reservoir[J].Sichuan Environment,2018,37(1):65-71.(in Chinese)).DOI:10.14034/j.cnki.schj.2018.01.012.
[20]刘剑．主成分分析法在沙河水质评价分析中的应用[J]．广东水利水电，2018(2):31-33.(LIU J.Application of principal component analysis in water quality assessment and analysis of Shahe River[J].Guangdong Water Resources and Hydropower,2018(2):31-33(in Chinese)).DOI:10.11905/j.issn.1008-0112.2018.02.006.
[21]李晓英，苏志伟，周华，等．基于主成分分析的GA-BP模型在城市需水预测中的应用[J]．南水北调与水利科技，2017,15(6):39-44.(LI X Y,SU Z W,ZHOU H,et al.Application of GA-BP model based on principal component analysis in urban water demand prediction[J].South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science&Technology,2017,15(6):39-44.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13476/j.cnki.nsbdqk.2017.06.006.
[22]崔晓雨．主成分分析法在乌鲁木齐河水质评价中的应用[J]．水资源开发与管理，2017(10):25-27.(CUI X Y.Application of principal component analysis in water quality assessment of Urumqi River[J].Water Resources Development and Management,2017(10):25-27.(in Chinese)).DOI:10.16616/j.cnki.10-1326/TV.2017.010.008.
[23] GB/T 14848-2017，地下水质量标准[S].(GB/T14848-2017.Quality Standard for Groundwater[S].(in Chinese)).
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