中国环保企业绩效及影响因素分析
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摘要
采用数据包络分析法(DEA)-Tobit模型,对中国4 319家环保产品生产企业和2 791家污染设施运营企业的绩效和影响因素开展了研究。结果表明,中国环保企业整体绩效低下,相对规模过小和技术无效是造成中国环保企业绩效低下的主要原因。环保产品生产企业的显著影响因素为所有制、从业特征、研发人员和出口合同额;污染设施运营企业的显著影响因素为企业聚集、所有制、从业特征和上市情况。不同影响因素对两类环保企业的影响强度不同,在制定促进环保产业发展的政策措施时,应对两类企业进行差别化对待。
Based on 4 319 environmental protection products manufacturing enterprises and 2 791 pollution device operation enterprises in China,the efficiency of environmental enterprises and their influencing factors were studied by employing DEA-Tobit model.Results showed that the efficiency of environmental enterprises in China were low in general.Relative small scale and technical ineffectiveness were the main reasons for the low efficiency.For environmental protection products manufacturing enterprises,the influencing factors that passed the significance test were ownership,industruial characteristics,research and development personnel,and export contract amount.For pollution device operation enterprises,the influencing factors that passed the significance test were enterprise aggregation,ownership,industrial characteristics,and stock market launch.The influencing factors had different intensity on two types of environmental enterprises.Therefore,envrionmental policies and measures should be taken in accordance with the different environmental enterprises.
Based on 4 319 environmental protection products manufacturing enterprises and 2 791 pollution device operation enterprises in China,the efficiency of environmental enterprises and their influencing factors were studied by employing DEA-Tobit model.Results showed that the efficiency of environmental enterprises in China were low in general.Relative small scale and technical ineffectiveness were the main reasons for the low efficiency.For environmental protection products manufacturing enterprises,the influencing factors that passed the significance test were ownership,industruial characteristics,research and development personnel,and export contract amount.For pollution device operation enterprises,the influencing factors that passed the significance test were enterprise aggregation,ownership,industrial characteristics,and stock market launch.The influencing factors had different intensity on two types of environmental enterprises.Therefore,envrionmental policies and measures should be taken in accordance with the different environmental enterprises.
引文
[1]吴小庆，陆根法，王远，等．基于DEA方法的我国环保类上市公司经营效率分析[J]．生产力研究，2009(23):70-71,143.
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[3]张雪梅．区域环境产业上市公司效率评价及影响因素实证研究[J]．系统工程，2015,33(4):106-111.
[4]王珂，郭晓曦．政策推动下环保产业上市公司综合绩效的实证分析———因子分析与聚类分析的综合研究[J]．财会月刊，2017(3):27-36.
[5]胡云霞．战略性新兴产业金融支持绩效及影响因素的DEA—Probit分析———基于节能环保产业上市公司经验数据[J]．安徽农业大学学报（社会科学版），2016,25(4):42-47,94.
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[7] BANKER R D,CHARNES A,COOPER W W.Some models for estimating technical and scale inefficiencies in date envelopment analysis[J].Management Scinece,1984,30(9):1078-1092.
[8] FARE R,GROSSKOPF S,LOVELL C A K.Multilateral productivity comparisons when some outputs are undesirable:a nonparametric approach[J].Review of Economics and Statistics,1989,71(1):90-98.
[9] FRIED H O,LOVELL C,SCHMIDT S,et al.Accounting for environmental effects and statistical noise in data envelopment analysis[J].Journal of Productivity Analysis,2002,17(1/2):121-136.
[10] SEIFORD L M,ZHU J.Modeling undesirable factors in efficiency evaluation[J].European Journal of Operational Research,2002,142(1):16-20.
[11] ZHU J.Quantitative models for performance evaluation and benchmarking:data envelopment analysis with spreadsheets and DEA excel solver[M].New York:Springer,2003.
[12]李宝娟，杨乔，程亮，等．我国环保产业统计调查制度体系探索[M]．北京：中国环境出版社，2016.
[13]边小平．农业环保产业指标体系的构建研究[J]．科技资讯，2006(23):141-142.
[14]王永生．我国海洋产业评价指标及其测算分析[J]．海洋开发与管理，2004(4):18-21.
[15]薛婕，周景博，丁凯，等．论环保产业绩效评估框架与指标体系构建[J]．环境污染与防治，2013,35(11):88-92.
[16]汪秋明，陶金国，付永红，等．环保产业集聚绩效影响因素的实证研究———基于宜兴市环保产业集聚企业调查问卷数据[J]．中国工业经济，2011(8):149-158.
[17]张伟，李勇．对外贸易与产业绩效[J]．石家庄经济学院学报，2004,27(6):689-691.
[18]刘辉，李志翠．我国西部工业环境效率与经济效率的差异研究[J]．西部论坛，2013,23(6):90-96.
[19]鲁炜，赵云飞．中国区域环境效率评价及影响因素研究[J]．北京航空航天大学学报（社会科学版），2016,29(3):30-35.
[20]孟洁，戴庆庆．中国省际能源-环境效率评价及影响因素分析[J]．统计与决策，2016(14):89-91.
[21]张亚斌，马晨，金培振．我国环境治理投资绩效评价及其影响因素[J]．经济管理，2014,36(4):170-179.
[22]赵峥，宋涛．中国区域环境治理效率及影响因素[J]．南京社会科学，2013(3):18-25.
[2]肖更生，刘园，袁倩．我国环保业上市公司技术效率与规模效率的分析[J]．中南林业科技大学学报（社会科学版），2011,5(6):89-91.
[3]张雪梅．区域环境产业上市公司效率评价及影响因素实证研究[J]．系统工程，2015,33(4):106-111.
[4]王珂，郭晓曦．政策推动下环保产业上市公司综合绩效的实证分析———因子分析与聚类分析的综合研究[J]．财会月刊，2017(3):27-36.
[5]胡云霞．战略性新兴产业金融支持绩效及影响因素的DEA—Probit分析———基于节能环保产业上市公司经验数据[J]．安徽农业大学学报（社会科学版），2016,25(4):42-47,94.
[6] FARREII J M.The measurement of productive efficiency[J].Journal of Royal Statistical Society,1979,120(1):253-281.
[7] BANKER R D,CHARNES A,COOPER W W.Some models for estimating technical and scale inefficiencies in date envelopment analysis[J].Management Scinece,1984,30(9):1078-1092.
[8] FARE R,GROSSKOPF S,LOVELL C A K.Multilateral productivity comparisons when some outputs are undesirable:a nonparametric approach[J].Review of Economics and Statistics,1989,71(1):90-98.
[9] FRIED H O,LOVELL C,SCHMIDT S,et al.Accounting for environmental effects and statistical noise in data envelopment analysis[J].Journal of Productivity Analysis,2002,17(1/2):121-136.
[10] SEIFORD L M,ZHU J.Modeling undesirable factors in efficiency evaluation[J].European Journal of Operational Research,2002,142(1):16-20.
[11] ZHU J.Quantitative models for performance evaluation and benchmarking:data envelopment analysis with spreadsheets and DEA excel solver[M].New York:Springer,2003.
[12]李宝娟，杨乔，程亮，等．我国环保产业统计调查制度体系探索[M]．北京：中国环境出版社，2016.
[13]边小平．农业环保产业指标体系的构建研究[J]．科技资讯，2006(23):141-142.
[14]王永生．我国海洋产业评价指标及其测算分析[J]．海洋开发与管理，2004(4):18-21.
[15]薛婕，周景博，丁凯，等．论环保产业绩效评估框架与指标体系构建[J]．环境污染与防治，2013,35(11):88-92.
[16]汪秋明，陶金国，付永红，等．环保产业集聚绩效影响因素的实证研究———基于宜兴市环保产业集聚企业调查问卷数据[J]．中国工业经济，2011(8):149-158.
[17]张伟，李勇．对外贸易与产业绩效[J]．石家庄经济学院学报，2004,27(6):689-691.
[18]刘辉，李志翠．我国西部工业环境效率与经济效率的差异研究[J]．西部论坛，2013,23(6):90-96.
[19]鲁炜，赵云飞．中国区域环境效率评价及影响因素研究[J]．北京航空航天大学学报（社会科学版），2016,29(3):30-35.
[20]孟洁，戴庆庆．中国省际能源-环境效率评价及影响因素分析[J]．统计与决策，2016(14):89-91.
[21]张亚斌，马晨，金培振．我国环境治理投资绩效评价及其影响因素[J]．经济管理，2014,36(4):170-179.
[22]赵峥，宋涛．中国区域环境治理效率及影响因素[J]．南京社会科学，2013(3):18-25.
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