重金属和酞酸酯复合污染对土壤酶活性的影响
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摘要
探讨了重金属与酞酸酯复合污染对脲酶和过氧化氢酶活性的影响,旨在为研究利用土壤酶活性评价土壤重金属复合污染的可行性提供科学支撑,以土壤环境中的2类典型污染物:重金属(Cd、Zn、Pb)和酞酸酯(DMP、DnBP、DEHP)为研究对象,采用均匀试验设计,通过室内试验的方法,观察6种不同性质的无机与有机污染(Cd、Pb、Zn、DEHP、DMP、DnBP)复合污染。影响土壤脲酶活性的主要因子依次为:Cd>DnBP×DMP>Pb×DMP>DMP×Zn>DnBP>Zn;影响过氧化氢酶活性的主要因子依次为:Cd>Pb>DMP×Zn>DnBP×Pb>DMP>Zn。复合投加2类污染物能使土壤酶活性受到不同程度的抑制,且抑制率随时间的推移而下降,重金属和酞酸酯复合污染与污染物的浓度密切相关,但脲酶活性较过氧化氢更为敏感。
In order to provide scientific support for the feasibility of using soil enzyme activities to evaluate the combined pollution of heavy metals in soil, the effects of combined pollution of heavy metals and phthalate esters on the activities of urease and catalase were explored. In this study, heavy metals(Cd, Zn, Pb) and phthalate esters(DMP, DnBP, DEHP) were analyzed in experiments. Six kinds of inorganic and organic pollutants(Cd, Pb, Zn, DEHP, DMP, DnBP) with different properties were observed through uniform design. The main factors affecting soil urease activity were Cd>DnBP×DMP>Pb×DMP>DMP>DMP×Zn>DnBP>Zn, and the main factors affecting catalase activity were Cd>Pb>DMP×Zn>DnBP×Pb>DMP>Zn. Compound addition of two pollutants could inhibit soil enzyme activity in varying degrees, and the inhibition rate decreased with time. Compound pollution of heavy metals and phthalates was closely related to the concentration of pollutants, but urease activity was more sensitive than hydrogen peroxide.
In order to provide scientific support for the feasibility of using soil enzyme activities to evaluate the combined pollution of heavy metals in soil, the effects of combined pollution of heavy metals and phthalate esters on the activities of urease and catalase were explored. In this study, heavy metals(Cd, Zn, Pb) and phthalate esters(DMP, DnBP, DEHP) were analyzed in experiments. Six kinds of inorganic and organic pollutants(Cd, Pb, Zn, DEHP, DMP, DnBP) with different properties were observed through uniform design. The main factors affecting soil urease activity were Cd>DnBP×DMP>Pb×DMP>DMP>DMP×Zn>DnBP>Zn, and the main factors affecting catalase activity were Cd>Pb>DMP×Zn>DnBP×Pb>DMP>Zn. Compound addition of two pollutants could inhibit soil enzyme activity in varying degrees, and the inhibition rate decreased with time. Compound pollution of heavy metals and phthalates was closely related to the concentration of pollutants, but urease activity was more sensitive than hydrogen peroxide.
引文
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[24] Wang J H,Ding H,Lu Y T,et al.Combined effects of cadmium and butachlor on microbial activities and com-munity DNA in a paddy soil[J].Pedosphere,2009,19(5):623-630.
[2] 季轶群,王子芳,高明,等.重金属Cu、Zn、Pb复合污染对紫色土壤酶活性的影响[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(6):293-296.
[3] 邱莉萍,张兴昌.Cu、Zn、Cd和EDTA对土壤酶活性影响的研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2006(1):30-33.
[4] 谷盼妮,王美娥,陈卫平.环草隆与镉复合污染对城市绿地重金属污染土壤有机氮矿化量、基础呼吸和土壤酶活性的影响[J].生态毒理学报,2015,10(4):65-87.
[5] Zhao Y P,Tan Y Y,Guo Y,et al.Interactions of tetra-cycline with Cd(Ⅱ),Cu (Ⅱ) and Pb (Ⅱ) and theircosorption behavior in soils[J].Environmental Pollution,2013(180):206-213.
[6] 张平,甘国娟,廖柏寒,等.铅锌矿区重金属复合污染对土壤酶活性的影响[J].安全与环境学报,2013,13(3):147-150.
[7] 冯丹,王金生,滕彦国.铜、锌和铅复合污染对土壤水解酶活性的影响[J].农业资源与环境学报,2015,32(4):411-417.
[8] 翁娜,韩潇.重金属污染对土壤酶活性影响的研究进展[J].农业开发与装备,2016(10):34-35,39.
[9] Abdel daiem M M,Rivera-Utrilla J,Ocampo-Pérez R,et al.Environmental impact of phthalic acid esters and their removal from water and sediments by different technologies:A review[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2012(109):164-178.
[10] 乔丽丽,郑力行,蔡德培.上海市女童血清中邻苯二甲酸二丁酯和邻苯二甲酸-2-乙基己酯水平与性早熟关系研究[J].卫生研究,2007,36(1):93-95.
[11] Chen L,Zhao Y,Li L,et al.Exposure assessment of phthalates in non-occupational populations in China[J].Science of the Total Envirionment,2012(427/428):60-69.
[12] Koch H M,Bolt H M,Angerer J.Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) metabolites in human urine and serum after a single oral dose of deute-rium-labelled DEHP[J].Archives of Toxicology,2004,78(3):123-130.
[13] 于晓楠.酞酸酯类增塑剂人群暴露情况及毒性研究进展[J].健康教育与健康促进,2015,10(1):31-33.
[14] 于立河,王鹏,于立红.地膜中酞酸酯类化合物对土壤-大豆污染的研究[J].土壤与作物,2012,1(2):79-83.
[15] 王玉婷,刘方,任文杰,等.酞酸酯污染农田土壤生物修复研究进展[J].微生物学杂志,2018,38(4):120-128.
[16] 沈国清,陆贻通,洪静波.重金属和多环芳烃复合污染对土壤酶活性的影响及定量表征[J].应用与环境生物学报,2005,11(4):479-482.
[17] 律泽,胡筱敏,安婧,等.佳乐麝香和镉复合污染对土壤中放线菌数量的影响[J].生态学杂志,2014,33(6):1501-1507.
[18] 傅丽君,刘智任,杨磊.镉、铜、铅复合污染对枇杷园土壤微生物的生态毒理效应[J].生态毒理学报,2009,4(6):881-888.
[19] Zhang W,Lin K F,Yang S S,et al.Enzyme activities in perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA)-polluted soils[J].Pedosphere,2013,23(1):120-127.
[20] Wang M E,Zhou Q X.Joint stress of chlorimuron-ethyland cadmium on wheat Triticum aestivum at biochemicallevels[J].Environmental Pollution,2006,144(2):572-580.
[21] 国家环境保护局.GB15618—1995 土壤环境质量标准[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1995.
[22] Department of Environmental Conservation,New York,USA.Determination of soil cleanup objectives and cleanup levels (TAGM 4046)[Z/OL].[2019-02-03]http://www.dec.ny.gov/regulations/2612.html.
[23] 王果.Cu2+对3种农药在Ca-蒙脱石和δ-Al2O3上吸附的影响[J].环境科学学报,1996,16(1):23-29.
[24] Wang J H,Ding H,Lu Y T,et al.Combined effects of cadmium and butachlor on microbial activities and com-munity DNA in a paddy soil[J].Pedosphere,2009,19(5):623-630.
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