苏翠1号梨在不同栽培模式下光能利用及果实品质的比较
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摘要
以苏翠1号为试材,对其在3种栽培模式(棚架栽培、避雨栽培、露地栽培)下的光能利用率和果实品质进行了比较研究。结果表明:从叶幕光环境来看,树冠外围的相对光照高于内膛;在树冠内膛,在相对光照>30%的高光照区域,棚架最高,露地次之,避雨模式最差,分别为73.28%、69.01%、62.24%;相对强度日变化可知,棚架模式>露地模式>避雨模式;在棚架模式下的单果重、可溶性糖、可溶性固形物均高于其他栽培模式,避雨模式和露地模式下的果实品质差异不显著。因此,从苏翠1号在果园的光环境和果实品质综合考虑,棚架模式优于其他。
The effects of three types of cultivation model(Shelf mode, rain-shelter cultivation, open-field mode) on light energy utilization and fruit quality of early-maturing pear variety Sucui 1 were compared. The results showed that the relative light intensity outside the crown was higher than that within crowns; In the canopy chamber and the high illumination area with relative illumination > 30%, the shelf was the highest, followed by the open field, and the rain shelter mode was the worst. They were 73.28%, 69.01% and 62.24% respectively. Diurnal variation of relative intensity showed that shelf pattern > open pattern > rain shelter pattern. The single fruit weight, soluble sugar and soluble solids under the shelf mode were higher than other cultivation modes. There was insignificant difference between rain shelter pattern and open pattern. Therefore, the light environment and fruit quality of Sucui 1 in the orchard under the shelf mode were better than those under others.
The effects of three types of cultivation model(Shelf mode, rain-shelter cultivation, open-field mode) on light energy utilization and fruit quality of early-maturing pear variety Sucui 1 were compared. The results showed that the relative light intensity outside the crown was higher than that within crowns; In the canopy chamber and the high illumination area with relative illumination > 30%, the shelf was the highest, followed by the open field, and the rain shelter mode was the worst. They were 73.28%, 69.01% and 62.24% respectively. Diurnal variation of relative intensity showed that shelf pattern > open pattern > rain shelter pattern. The single fruit weight, soluble sugar and soluble solids under the shelf mode were higher than other cultivation modes. There was insignificant difference between rain shelter pattern and open pattern. Therefore, the light environment and fruit quality of Sucui 1 in the orchard under the shelf mode were better than those under others.
引文
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[14] 黄新忠,曾少敏,张长和,等.避雨栽培控制梨早期落叶及二次开花效果试验[J].江西农业学报,2018,30(10):19-22.
[15] Kappel F,Nielsen C H.Relationship between light microclimate,fruit growth,fruit quality,specific leaf weight and N and P content of spur leaves of Bartlett and Anjou pear[J].Scientia Hort,1994,59(3/4):187-196.
[16] 余海霞,罗聪,黄方,等.避雨栽培对台农一号芒果园温湿度及果实品质的影响[J].南方农业学报,2017,48(8):1452-1457.
[17] Khemira H,Lombard P B,Sugar D,et al.Hedgerow orientation affects canopy exposure,flowering and fruiting of Anjou pear trees[J].Hort Science,1993,28(10):984-987.
[18] Palmer J W.Canopy manipulation for optimum utilization of light[M].London:Manipulation of Fruiting,47th Nottingham Easter School,1989:245-262.
[19] 伍涛,张绍铃,吴俊,等.“丰水”梨棚架与疏散分层冠层结构特点及产量品质的比较[J].园艺学报,2008,35(10):1411-1418.
[2] 冉辛拓,宋海舟,高志货,等.梨不同树形对光效能及产量品质的影响[J].园艺学报,2012,39(5):957-962.
[3] 赵瑾.鲜黄梨3种不同树形树冠结构特征与光照分布的研究[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2010.
[4] 徐春明,戴惠忠,仲嘉,等.苏南观光梨园Y形棚架栽培效果与配套技术[J].中国南方果树,2011,40(6):84-85,93.
[5] 王福建,杨峰,樊继德.黄冠梨水平棚架优质丰产栽培技术[J].山西果树,2013(6):11-12.
[6] 魏树伟,王杰军,王宏伟,等.梨水平棚架栽培整形修剪技术简述[J].落叶果树,2010(3):15-17.
[7] 黄雪燕,杨倩倩,王涛,等.避雨栽培对大棚梨病虫害发生及果实品质的影响[J].中国南方果树,2012,41(3):46-49.
[8] 高正辉.塑料大棚栽培对砀山酥梨植株生长及果实发育的影响[D].合肥:安徽农业大学,2013.
[9] 林志雄,陆育生,常晓晓,等.避雨栽培对广东寄接梨生长发育及果实品质的影响[J].广东农业科学,2016,43(6):64-68.
[10] 蔺经,盛宝龙,李晓刚,等.早熟砂梨新品种“苏翠1号”[J].园艺学报,2013,40(9):1849-1850.
[11] 郭金丽,张玉兰,张建宁,等.金红苹果树(GM256中间砧)不同树形光分布及利用的研究[J].内蒙古农业大学学报,2002,23(4):46-50.
[12] 张志良,瞿伟菁.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2003:127-168.
[13] 王建新,牛自勉,李志强,等.乔砧富士苹果不同冠形相对光照强度的差异及对果实品质的影响[J].果树学报,2011,28(1):8-14.
[14] 黄新忠,曾少敏,张长和,等.避雨栽培控制梨早期落叶及二次开花效果试验[J].江西农业学报,2018,30(10):19-22.
[15] Kappel F,Nielsen C H.Relationship between light microclimate,fruit growth,fruit quality,specific leaf weight and N and P content of spur leaves of Bartlett and Anjou pear[J].Scientia Hort,1994,59(3/4):187-196.
[16] 余海霞,罗聪,黄方,等.避雨栽培对台农一号芒果园温湿度及果实品质的影响[J].南方农业学报,2017,48(8):1452-1457.
[17] Khemira H,Lombard P B,Sugar D,et al.Hedgerow orientation affects canopy exposure,flowering and fruiting of Anjou pear trees[J].Hort Science,1993,28(10):984-987.
[18] Palmer J W.Canopy manipulation for optimum utilization of light[M].London:Manipulation of Fruiting,47th Nottingham Easter School,1989:245-262.
[19] 伍涛,张绍铃,吴俊,等.“丰水”梨棚架与疏散分层冠层结构特点及产量品质的比较[J].园艺学报,2008,35(10):1411-1418.
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