SRM融雪径流模型在锡林河流域的应用
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摘要
为了验证SRM(snowmelt-runoff model)融雪径流模型在寒旱区草原流域的适用性,在阐述模型结构、参数意义的基础上,结合锡林河流域上游2014—2016年融雪期(3—5月)的MODIS积雪覆盖数据及实测气象、水文资料,采用Win SRM 1. 10版本对2014—2016年锡林河上游年融雪期的径流进行模拟,结果发现:SRM模型可以较好地反映锡林河融雪期径流变化趋势,有效捕捉融雪径流洪峰到达日期及洪峰流量。对模型进行精度评价,得出3 a模拟值的拟合优度确定系数(R~2)与体积差(D_V)均优于世界气象组织公布的模型模拟精度均值。所以,SRM融雪径流模型在锡林河流域上游具有较好的适用性,这对合理利用草原冰雪水资源具有重要意义。
In this study,the MODIS snow cover data and the measured meteorological and hydrological data in the upper reaches of the Xilin River Basin in snow melt period( from March to May) of 2014-2016 were simulated by WinSRM1. 10. The purposes of the study were to verify the applicability of a snowmelt runoff model( SRM) in the drainage basins in arid and alpine steppe based on the description of the model structure and the meaning of the parameters,and to reveal the proportion of spring snowmelt volume in annual runoff volume in the upper reaches of the Xilin River Basin from 2014 to 2016. The results showed that the SRM could be used to ideally reflect the change trend of spring snowmelt volume in the study area,and to predict the time of flood peak of spring snowmelt. The accuracy of the model was evaluated,and the fit goodness coefficient( R~2) and volume difference( D_V) of the 3-year simulated values were obtained,which were superior to the mean values published by the World Meteorological Organization. Therefore,the SRM has a good applicability in the upper reaches of the Xilin River Basin,and it is of great significance for the rational use of ice-snow resources in grasslands.
In this study,the MODIS snow cover data and the measured meteorological and hydrological data in the upper reaches of the Xilin River Basin in snow melt period( from March to May) of 2014-2016 were simulated by WinSRM1. 10. The purposes of the study were to verify the applicability of a snowmelt runoff model( SRM) in the drainage basins in arid and alpine steppe based on the description of the model structure and the meaning of the parameters,and to reveal the proportion of spring snowmelt volume in annual runoff volume in the upper reaches of the Xilin River Basin from 2014 to 2016. The results showed that the SRM could be used to ideally reflect the change trend of spring snowmelt volume in the study area,and to predict the time of flood peak of spring snowmelt. The accuracy of the model was evaluated,and the fit goodness coefficient( R~2) and volume difference( D_V) of the 3-year simulated values were obtained,which were superior to the mean values published by the World Meteorological Organization. Therefore,the SRM has a good applicability in the upper reaches of the Xilin River Basin,and it is of great significance for the rational use of ice-snow resources in grasslands.
引文
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[8]王建,沈永平,鲁安新,等.气候变化对中国西北地区山区融雪径流的影响[J].冰川冻土,2001,23(1):28-33.[Wang Jian,Shen Yongping,Lu Anxin,et al.Impacts of climate change on snowmelt runoff in mountainous areas of Northwest China[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2001,23(1):28-33.]
[9]康尔泗,程国栋,蓝永超,等.概念性水文模型在出山径流预报中的应用[J].地球科学进展,2002,17(1):18-26.[Kang Ersi,Cheng Guodong,Lan Yongchao,et al.Application of conceptual hydrological model in mountain runoff forecast[J].Advances in Earth Science,2002,17(1):18-26.]
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[11]潘金梅.GLDAS数据驱动积雪热力模型估算流域融雪量[C]//中国地理学会.地理学核心问题与主线---中国地理学会2011年学术年会暨中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所建所五十年庆典论文摘要集.北京:中国地理学会,2011.[Pan Jinmei.GLDAS data-driven snow thermal model to estimate the amount of snowmelt in the basin[C]//China Geography Society.The Core Issues and Main Line of Geography:2011 Annual Conference of the Chinese Geography Society and the Institute of Ecology and Geography of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Abstract Collection of Annual Celebration Papers.Beijing:Chinese Geographical Society,2011.]
[12]何思为,南卓铜,张凌,等.用VIC模型模拟黑河上游流域水分和能量通量的时空分布[J].冰川冻土,2015,37(1):211-225.[He Siwei,Nan Zhuotong,Zhang Ling,et al.Simulating the temporal and spatial distribution of water and energy flux in the upper reaches of the Heihe River using VIC model[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2015,37(1):211-225.]
[13]田开迪,沈冰,贾宪.MIKE SHE模型在灞河径流模拟中的应用研究[J].水资源与水工程学报,2016,27(1):91-95.[Tian Kaidi,Shen Bing,Jia Xian.Application of MIKE SHE model in simulation of Weihe River runoff[J].Journal of Water Resources and Water Engineering,2016,27(1):91-95.]
[14]李弘毅,王建.SRM融雪径流模型在黑河流域上游的模拟研究[J].冰川冻土,2008,30(5):769-775.[Li Hongyi,Wang Jian.Simulation of SRM snowmelt runoff model in the upper reaches of Heihe River Basin[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2008,30(5):769-775.]
[15]赵军,黄永生,宋阁庆,等.SRM融雪径流模型在疏勒河流域上游的应用[J].水资源与水工程学报,2015(1):72-76.[Zhao Jun,Huang Yongsheng,Song Geqing,et al.Application of SRMsnowmelt runoff model in the upper reaches of Shule River Basin[J].Journal of Water Resources and Water Engineering,2015(1):72-76.]
[16]Kustas W P,Rango A,Uijlenhoet R.A simple energy budget algorithm for the snowmelt runoff model[J].Water Resources Research,1994,30(5):1 515-1 527.
[17]Martinec J,Rango A.Parameter values for snowmelt runoff modelling[J].Journal of Hydrology,1986,84(3):197-219.
[18]马虹,程国栋.SRM融雪径流模型在西天山巩乃斯河流域的应用实验[J].科学通报,2003,48(19):2 088-2 093.[Ma Hong,Cheng Guodong.Application experiment of SRM snowmelt runoff model in the Gongnaisi River Basin of the Western Tianshan Mountains[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2003,48(19):2 088-2 093.]
[19]陈心池,张利平,陈少丹,等.SRM融雪径流模型在奎屯河流域洪水预报的应用[J].南水北调与水利科技,2018,16(1):50-56.[Chen Xinchi,Zhang Liping,Chen Shaodan,et al.Application of SRM snowmelt runoff model inflood forecasting in Kuitun River Basin[J].South-to-North Water Transfer and Water Science and Technology,2018,16(1):50-56.]
[20]刘文,李智录,李抗彬.SRM融雪径流模型在塔什库尔干河流域的应用研究[J].水利技术监督,2007,15(3):43-46.[Liu Wen,Li Zhilu,Li Kangbin.Application of SRM snowmelt runoff model in the Tashkurgan River Basin[J].Technical Supervision in Water Resources,2007,15(3):43-46.]
[21]怀保娟,李忠勤,孙美平,等.SRM融雪径流模型在乌鲁木齐河源区的应用研究[J].干旱区地理,2013,36(1):41-48.[Huai Baojuan,Li Zhongqin,Sun Meiping,et al.Application of SRMsnowmelt runoff model in the source region of Urumqi River[J].Arid Land Geography,2013,36(1):41-48.]
[22]穆振侠,姜卉芳,刘丰.2001-2008年天山西部山区积雪覆盖及NDVI的时空变化特性[J].冰川冻土,2010,32(5):875-882.[Mu Zhenxia,Jiang Huifang,Liu Feng.Temporal and spatial variation characteristics of snow cover and NDVI in the Western mountainous area of Tianshan from 2001 to 2008[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2010,32(5):875-882.]
[23]郝祥云,朱仲元,宋海清,等.锡林河流域积雪时空特征及其对径流的影响[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(6):360-365.[Hao Xiangyun,Zhu Zhongyuan,Song Haiqing,et al.Temporal and spatial characteristics of snow cover in Xilin River Basin and its influence on runoff[J].Soil and Water Conservation Research,2017,24(6):360-365.]
[24]Martinec J,Rango A,Roberts R.The Snowmelt Runoff Model(SRM)User’s Manual(Updated Edition 1998,Version 4.0)[M].Berne:University of Berne,1998:7-30,45-57.
[25]刘宝河.锡林郭勒典型草原区积雪过程与风雪流研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2017.[Liu Baohe.Study on Snow Accumulation Process and Wind and Snow Flow in Typical Steppe Area of Xilin Gol[D].Hohhot:Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,2017.]
[2]党素珍,刘昌明,王中根,等.黑河流域上游融雪径流时间变化特征及成因分析[J].冰川冻土,2012,34(4):920-926.[Dang Suzhen,Liu Changming,Wang Zhonggen,et al.Time variation characteristics and genesis analysis of snowmelt runoff in the upper reaches of Heihe River Basin[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2012,34(4):920-926.]
[3]王海娥,李生辰,张青梅,等.青海高原1961-2013年积雪日数变化特征分析[J].冰川冻土,2016,38(5):1 219-1 226.[Wang Hai’e,Li Shengchen,Zhang Qingmei,et al.Analysis of the variation characteristics of snow cover days in Qinghai Plateau from1961 to 2013[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2016,38(5):1 219-1 226.]
[4]吕爱锋,贾绍凤,燕华云,等.三江源地区融雪径流时间变化特征与趋势分析[J].资源科学,2009,31(10):1 704-1 709.[LüAifeng,Jia Shaofeng,Yan Huayun,et al.Time-varying characteristics and trend analysis of snowmelt runoff in Sanjiangyuan area[J].Journal of Resources Science,2009,31(10):1 704-1 709.]
[5]陈华,杨阳,王伟.基于文献计量分析我国生态水文学研究现状及热点[J].冰川冻土,2016,38(3):769-775.[Chen Hua,Yang Yang,Wang Wei.The eco-hydrology in China analyzed based on bibliometric:Domestic research status and hot spots[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2016,38(3):769-775.]
[6]裴欢,房世峰,刘志辉,等.分布式融雪径流模型的设计及应用[J].资源科学,2008,30(3):454-459.[Pei Huan,Fang Shifeng,Liu Zhihui,et al.Design and application of distributed snowmelt runoff model[J].Journal of Resource Science,2008,30(3):454-459.]
[7]刘俊峰,杨建平,陈仁升,等.SRM融雪径流模型在长江源区冬克玛底河流域的应用[J].地理学报,2006,61(11):1 149-1 159.[Liu Junfeng,Yang Jianping,Chen Rensheng,et al.Application of SRM snowmelt runoff model in Dongkemadi River Basin of the Yangtze River source area[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2006,61(11):1 149-1 159.]
[8]王建,沈永平,鲁安新,等.气候变化对中国西北地区山区融雪径流的影响[J].冰川冻土,2001,23(1):28-33.[Wang Jian,Shen Yongping,Lu Anxin,et al.Impacts of climate change on snowmelt runoff in mountainous areas of Northwest China[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2001,23(1):28-33.]
[9]康尔泗,程国栋,蓝永超,等.概念性水文模型在出山径流预报中的应用[J].地球科学进展,2002,17(1):18-26.[Kang Ersi,Cheng Guodong,Lan Yongchao,et al.Application of conceptual hydrological model in mountain runoff forecast[J].Advances in Earth Science,2002,17(1):18-26.]
[10]Liang X,Lettenmaier D P,Wood E F,et al.A simple hydrologically based model of land surface water and energy fluxes for general circulation models[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,1994,99(D7):14 415-14 428.
[11]潘金梅.GLDAS数据驱动积雪热力模型估算流域融雪量[C]//中国地理学会.地理学核心问题与主线---中国地理学会2011年学术年会暨中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所建所五十年庆典论文摘要集.北京:中国地理学会,2011.[Pan Jinmei.GLDAS data-driven snow thermal model to estimate the amount of snowmelt in the basin[C]//China Geography Society.The Core Issues and Main Line of Geography:2011 Annual Conference of the Chinese Geography Society and the Institute of Ecology and Geography of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Abstract Collection of Annual Celebration Papers.Beijing:Chinese Geographical Society,2011.]
[12]何思为,南卓铜,张凌,等.用VIC模型模拟黑河上游流域水分和能量通量的时空分布[J].冰川冻土,2015,37(1):211-225.[He Siwei,Nan Zhuotong,Zhang Ling,et al.Simulating the temporal and spatial distribution of water and energy flux in the upper reaches of the Heihe River using VIC model[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2015,37(1):211-225.]
[13]田开迪,沈冰,贾宪.MIKE SHE模型在灞河径流模拟中的应用研究[J].水资源与水工程学报,2016,27(1):91-95.[Tian Kaidi,Shen Bing,Jia Xian.Application of MIKE SHE model in simulation of Weihe River runoff[J].Journal of Water Resources and Water Engineering,2016,27(1):91-95.]
[14]李弘毅,王建.SRM融雪径流模型在黑河流域上游的模拟研究[J].冰川冻土,2008,30(5):769-775.[Li Hongyi,Wang Jian.Simulation of SRM snowmelt runoff model in the upper reaches of Heihe River Basin[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2008,30(5):769-775.]
[15]赵军,黄永生,宋阁庆,等.SRM融雪径流模型在疏勒河流域上游的应用[J].水资源与水工程学报,2015(1):72-76.[Zhao Jun,Huang Yongsheng,Song Geqing,et al.Application of SRMsnowmelt runoff model in the upper reaches of Shule River Basin[J].Journal of Water Resources and Water Engineering,2015(1):72-76.]
[16]Kustas W P,Rango A,Uijlenhoet R.A simple energy budget algorithm for the snowmelt runoff model[J].Water Resources Research,1994,30(5):1 515-1 527.
[17]Martinec J,Rango A.Parameter values for snowmelt runoff modelling[J].Journal of Hydrology,1986,84(3):197-219.
[18]马虹,程国栋.SRM融雪径流模型在西天山巩乃斯河流域的应用实验[J].科学通报,2003,48(19):2 088-2 093.[Ma Hong,Cheng Guodong.Application experiment of SRM snowmelt runoff model in the Gongnaisi River Basin of the Western Tianshan Mountains[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2003,48(19):2 088-2 093.]
[19]陈心池,张利平,陈少丹,等.SRM融雪径流模型在奎屯河流域洪水预报的应用[J].南水北调与水利科技,2018,16(1):50-56.[Chen Xinchi,Zhang Liping,Chen Shaodan,et al.Application of SRM snowmelt runoff model inflood forecasting in Kuitun River Basin[J].South-to-North Water Transfer and Water Science and Technology,2018,16(1):50-56.]
[20]刘文,李智录,李抗彬.SRM融雪径流模型在塔什库尔干河流域的应用研究[J].水利技术监督,2007,15(3):43-46.[Liu Wen,Li Zhilu,Li Kangbin.Application of SRM snowmelt runoff model in the Tashkurgan River Basin[J].Technical Supervision in Water Resources,2007,15(3):43-46.]
[21]怀保娟,李忠勤,孙美平,等.SRM融雪径流模型在乌鲁木齐河源区的应用研究[J].干旱区地理,2013,36(1):41-48.[Huai Baojuan,Li Zhongqin,Sun Meiping,et al.Application of SRMsnowmelt runoff model in the source region of Urumqi River[J].Arid Land Geography,2013,36(1):41-48.]
[22]穆振侠,姜卉芳,刘丰.2001-2008年天山西部山区积雪覆盖及NDVI的时空变化特性[J].冰川冻土,2010,32(5):875-882.[Mu Zhenxia,Jiang Huifang,Liu Feng.Temporal and spatial variation characteristics of snow cover and NDVI in the Western mountainous area of Tianshan from 2001 to 2008[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2010,32(5):875-882.]
[23]郝祥云,朱仲元,宋海清,等.锡林河流域积雪时空特征及其对径流的影响[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(6):360-365.[Hao Xiangyun,Zhu Zhongyuan,Song Haiqing,et al.Temporal and spatial characteristics of snow cover in Xilin River Basin and its influence on runoff[J].Soil and Water Conservation Research,2017,24(6):360-365.]
[24]Martinec J,Rango A,Roberts R.The Snowmelt Runoff Model(SRM)User’s Manual(Updated Edition 1998,Version 4.0)[M].Berne:University of Berne,1998:7-30,45-57.
[25]刘宝河.锡林郭勒典型草原区积雪过程与风雪流研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2017.[Liu Baohe.Study on Snow Accumulation Process and Wind and Snow Flow in Typical Steppe Area of Xilin Gol[D].Hohhot:Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,2017.]
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