四种荒漠植物生物量分配对土壤因子的响应及异速生长分析
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摘要
该研究以四种荒漠植物:盐地碱蓬(Suaeda salsa)、新疆绢蒿(Seriphidium kaschgaricum)、对节刺(Horaninowia ulicina)、骆驼刺(Alhagi sparsifolia)为对象,采用挖掘法获取完整的植株生物量,测定土壤理化性质,并通过四种荒漠植物生物量、生物量分配比对土壤因子的响应程度以及异速生长模型进行了对比分析。结果表明:(1)四种荒漠植物的生物量、生物量分配比重差异明显;新疆绢蒿具有最大的地上、地下生物量,对节刺的生物量最小;根冠比(R/S)大小排序依次是骆驼刺>对节刺、新疆绢蒿>盐地碱蓬(P<0.05)。(2)利用RDA分析土壤因子对R/S的影响,结果发现土壤因子对新疆绢蒿、盐地碱蓬、骆驼刺、对节刺的R/S解释程度分别是16.3%、24.8%、33.1%、35.4%,其中土壤全氮与对节刺的R/S呈正显著关系(P<0.05),土壤水分与盐地碱蓬的R/S呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。(3)四种荒漠植物地上—地下间均具有极显著的相关生长关系(P<0.01);新疆绢蒿地上—地下间为等速生长关系(α=1),而对节刺和骆驼刺则均为α=3/4的异速生长关系,盐地碱蓬属于非3/4幂指数的异速生长关系(α<1),四种荒漠植物间具有共同的异速生长指数(0.767)。以上结果说明艾比湖优势荒漠植物具有功能趋同性,其空间分配特征对土壤因子的响应存在物种特异性。
The river basin of Ebi Lake represents a typical ecosystem in arid land,a sensitive area for global change and a key protected area for biodiversity. The study of the relationship among biomass allocation of above-ground and belowground plant,response mechanism of edaphic factor,and allometry helps understand the plants' survival and optimization strategies in terms of soil conditions and ecological functions. With excavation as the method that gave us adequate biomass information and the physical and chemical properties of the soil,four desert plants in the research area were analyzed: Suaeda salsa,Seriphidium kaschgaricum,Horaninowia ulicina,and Alhagi sparsifolia,among which the biomass,its allocation ratio in response to the edaphic factor,and allometric models were compared. The results were as follows:( 1) There were significant differences in the biomass and its allocation ratios among the four plants,with Seriphidium kaschgaricum having the largest above-ground and below-ground biomass,while Horaninowia ulicina the smallest; The R/S( root-shoot ratio) showed Alhagi sparsifolia > Horaninowia ulicina and Seriphidium kaschgaricum> Suaeda salsa( P<0.05).( 2) The effect of edaphic factor on R/S analyzed with RDA showed that the interpretability of edaphic factors towards R/S in terms of the four plants were 16.3%,24.8%,33.1% and 35.4%,respectively. Among them,the soil total nitrogen had a positive correlation with the R/S of Horaninowia ulicina( P < 0.05),and the soil moisture a significantly positive correlation with the R/S of Suaeda salsa( P<0.01).( 3) The four plants all had significant correlations with regards to AGB-BGB( P<0.01),where the AGB-BGB of Seriphidium kaschgaricum had a pattern of isometric scaling( α = 1),while both Horaninowia ulicina and Alhagi sparsifolia showed an allometric scaling of α =3/4,and Suaeda salsa belonged to the allometric scaling of a non-3/4 power exponent( α<1). All the four plants shared a common allometric scaling index( 0.767). The above results indicate that the desert plants in Ebi Lake have functional convergence,and the characteristics of their spatial distribution are species-specific in response to edaphic factors.
The river basin of Ebi Lake represents a typical ecosystem in arid land,a sensitive area for global change and a key protected area for biodiversity. The study of the relationship among biomass allocation of above-ground and belowground plant,response mechanism of edaphic factor,and allometry helps understand the plants' survival and optimization strategies in terms of soil conditions and ecological functions. With excavation as the method that gave us adequate biomass information and the physical and chemical properties of the soil,four desert plants in the research area were analyzed: Suaeda salsa,Seriphidium kaschgaricum,Horaninowia ulicina,and Alhagi sparsifolia,among which the biomass,its allocation ratio in response to the edaphic factor,and allometric models were compared. The results were as follows:( 1) There were significant differences in the biomass and its allocation ratios among the four plants,with Seriphidium kaschgaricum having the largest above-ground and below-ground biomass,while Horaninowia ulicina the smallest; The R/S( root-shoot ratio) showed Alhagi sparsifolia > Horaninowia ulicina and Seriphidium kaschgaricum> Suaeda salsa( P<0.05).( 2) The effect of edaphic factor on R/S analyzed with RDA showed that the interpretability of edaphic factors towards R/S in terms of the four plants were 16.3%,24.8%,33.1% and 35.4%,respectively. Among them,the soil total nitrogen had a positive correlation with the R/S of Horaninowia ulicina( P < 0.05),and the soil moisture a significantly positive correlation with the R/S of Suaeda salsa( P<0.01).( 3) The four plants all had significant correlations with regards to AGB-BGB( P<0.01),where the AGB-BGB of Seriphidium kaschgaricum had a pattern of isometric scaling( α = 1),while both Horaninowia ulicina and Alhagi sparsifolia showed an allometric scaling of α =3/4,and Suaeda salsa belonged to the allometric scaling of a non-3/4 power exponent( α<1). All the four plants shared a common allometric scaling index( 0.767). The above results indicate that the desert plants in Ebi Lake have functional convergence,and the characteristics of their spatial distribution are species-specific in response to edaphic factors.
引文
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ENQUIST BJ,NIKLAS KJ,2002.Global allocation rules for patterns of biomass partitioning in seed plants[J].Science,295(5559):1517-1520.
GAO J,WANG JN,XU B,et al.,2016.Plant leaf traits,height and biomass partitioning in typical ephemerals under different levels of snow cover thickness in an alpine meadow[J].Chin J Plant Ecol,40(8):775-787.[高景,王金牛,徐波,等,2016.不同雪被厚度下典型高山草地早春植物叶片性状、株高及生物量分配的研究[J].植物生态学报,40(8):775-787.]
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GILLIAM FS,2007.The ecological significance of the herbaceous layer in temperate forest ecosystems[J].Bioscience,57(10):845-858.
GRECHI I,VIVIN P,HILBERT G,et al.,2007.Effect of light and nitrogen supply on internal C∶N balance and control of root-to-shoot biomass allocation in grapevine[J].Environ Exp Bot,59(2):139-149.
HE HB,LI Y,2008.Study on measures of biomass allocation of two desert halophyte species under drought and salt stress[J].Arid Zone Res,25(2):242-247.[贺海波,李彦,2008.干旱、盐胁迫条件下两种盐生植物生物量分配对策的研究[J].干旱区研究,25(2):242-247.]
HUANG CB,ZENG FJ,LEI JQ,2016.Growth and functional trait responses of Alhagi sparsifolia seedlings to water and nitrogen addition[J].Acta Pratac Sin,25(12):150-160.[黄彩变,曾凡江,雷加强,2016.骆驼刺幼苗生长和功能性状对不同水氮添加的响应[J].草业学报,25(12):150-160.]
JAMES JJ,TILLER RL,RICHARDS JH,2005.Multiple resources limit plant growth and function in a saline-alkaline desert community[J].J Ecol,93(1):113-126.
JENTSCH A,KREYLING J,ELMER M,et al.,2011.Climate extremes initiate ecosystem-regulating functions while maintaining productivity[J].J Ecol,99(3):689-702.
JIA MY,LI XH,WU ZX,et al.,2015.Spatial distribution pattern and allometric growth of three common species on moving sand dunes in Horqin sandy land,China[J].Chin JAppl Ecol,26(10):2953-2960.[贾美玉,李雪华,吴忠铉,等,2015.科尔沁沙地流动沙丘3种常见植物的空间分布格局与异速生长[J].应用生态学报,26(10):2953-2960.]
KOMIYAMA A,JIN EO,POUNGPARN S,2008.Allometry,biomass,and productivity of mangrove forests:A review[J].Aquat Bot,89(2):128-137.
LI QH,XIN ZM,GAO TT,et al.,2012.Reproductive allocation in four desert species of the genus Nitraria L.[J].Acta Ecol Sin,32(16):5054-5061.[李清河,辛智鸣,高婷婷,等,2012.荒漠植物白刺属4个物种的生殖分配比较[J].生态学报,32(16):5054-5061.]
LI T,2010.Response mechanism of desert plant allometric exponents and spatial patterns to a precipitation gradient[D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou University.[李涛,2010.荒漠植物异速生长指数及其空间格局适应降雨梯度变化的规律与机制研究[D].兰州:兰州大学]
LI WR,ZHANG SQ,DING SY,et al.,2010.Root morphological variation and water use in alfalfa under drought stress[J].Acta Ecol Sin,30(19):5140-5150.[李文娆,张岁岐,丁圣彦,等,2010.干旱胁迫下紫花苜蓿根系形态变化及与水分利用的关系[J].生态学报,30(19):5140-5150.]
LI XH,LI XL,JIANG DM,et al.,2009.A comparative study of the individual biomass and modular biomass of 70 herbaceous species found in the Horqin sandy land[J].Arid Zone Res,26(2):54-59.[李雪华,李晓兰,蒋德明,等,2009.科尔沁沙地70种草本植物个体和构件生物量比较研究[J].干旱区研究,26(2):54-59.]
LI Z,HAN L,LIU YH,et al.,2012.C,N and Pstoichiometric characteristics in leaves of Suaeda salsa during different growth phase in coastal wetlands of China[J].Chin J Plant Ecol,36(10):1054-1061.[李征,韩琳,刘玉虹,等,2012.滨海盐地碱蓬不同生长阶段叶片C、N、P化学计量特征[J].植物生态学报,36(10):1054-1061.]
LIU YF,CHEN SL,GUO ZW,et al.,2015.Effect of waterlogging on biomass allocation and allometric pattern of rhizome and root system of phyllostachys rivalis[J].For Res,28(4):502-507.[刘玉芳,陈双林,郭子武,等,2015.淹水对河竹鞭根系统生物量分配及异速生长模式的影响[J].林业科学研究,28(4):502-507.]
MA AN,YU GR,HE NP,et al.,2014.Above and below ground biomass relationships in China’s grassland vegetation[J].Quat Sci,34(4):769-776.[马安娜,于贵瑞,何念鹏,等,2014.中国草地植被地上和地下生物量的关系分析[J].第四纪研究,34(4):769-776.]
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