人工养殖黄河鲤形态特征、染色体核型及肌肉乳酸脱氢酶的电泳分析
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摘要
【目的】从形态特征、染色体核型和生化遗传3个层面评估人工养殖黄河鲤(Cyprinus carpio haematopterus)种质资源状况,为探讨种质鉴定在黄河鲤资源保护和良种选育中的应用提供参考依据。【方法】采用形态学方法测定30尾人工养殖黄河鲤样品的可量性状和可数性状,通过聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直板电泳检测其肌肉乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)的表达情况,并借助肾细胞滴片—空气干燥法对人工养殖黄河鲤的染色体数目及其核型进行分析。【结果】人工养殖黄河鲤体形呈梭形,头小而腹部圆,口端位,呈马蹄形,须2对;体侧鳞片呈金黄色,腹部色淡而白,臀鳍、尾柄及尾鳍下叶为橙红色,胸鳍和腹鳍呈桔黄色;鳍式为背鳍D.ⅲ-16～20、臀鳍A.ⅲ-5;齿式为1·1·3/3·1·1;左侧第一鳃弓外侧鳃耙数为19～25条。人工养殖黄河鲤肌肉LDH酶带条数分为2条和5条两种类型。人工养殖黄河鲤染色体数目2n=100,染色体相对长度范围在1.20%～2.96%,其染色体核型公式为18m+38sm+22st+22t,臂数(NF)=156。【结论】人工养殖黄河鲤肌肉LDH出现与种质标准SC 1041—2001《黄河鲤》中不同的条带类型,推测黄河鲤人工养殖群体已出现种质混杂现象。因此,在黄河鲤品种改良或增殖放流前必须对其种质状况进行系统鉴定和评价,原良种场在制种保种过程中应加强不同类养殖群体的隔离或防止混杂,以确保黄河鲤种质纯正。
【Objective】This paper was to evaluate the resources of artificial-breeding Cyprinus carpio haematopterus from the perspectives of morphological characteristics,chromosome karyotype and biochemical genetics characteristics so as to provide theoretical basis for the application of germplasm identification in C. carpio haematopterus resource protection and species breeding.【Method】The countable and measurable properties of 30 artificial feeding fishes were measured with traditional morphological methods. Polyacrylamide gel vertical plate electrophoresis was used to detect the expression of lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)in C. carpio haematopterus muscle. Renal cell dropping piece-air drying method was conducted to analyze the chromosome number and karyotype were analyzed.【Result】The artificial feeding C. carpio haematopterus was spindle-shaped with a small head and round abdomen. Its horseshoe-shaped mouth was located at the foremost part of the head with two pairs of barbles. Scales on body side were golden yellow while the abdomen was white.Colors of the anal fin,caudle peduncle and lower leaves of caudal fin were orange red while pectoral fin and ventral fin were orange. Furthermore,the dorsal fin formula was D.ⅲ-16-20 and anal fin A.ⅲ-5. The dental formula was 1·1·3/3·1·1 while the number of outer gill racker on the left first gill arch was 19-25. The band numbers of LDH isozymes expressed in muscle were 2 or 5. The study on karyotype showed that the chromosome number was 2 n=100 with a relative length range of 1.20%-2.96%,chromosome formula was 18 m+38 sm+22 st+22 t,arm count(NF)was 156.【Conclusion】Different band types from the germplasm standard SC 1041-2001 C. carpio haematopterus occur in muscle LDH of artificial feeding C.carpio haematopterus. It is inferred that mixed germplasms appear in artificial-breeding C. carpio haematopterus populations. The germplasm of C. carpio haematopterus stocks should be systematically inspected and evaluated before its breeding,proliferation and release. Aquatic original seed farm should strengthen the separation of different stocks and avoid mixing during fish fry production and protection to ensure the purity of the germplasms.
【Objective】This paper was to evaluate the resources of artificial-breeding Cyprinus carpio haematopterus from the perspectives of morphological characteristics,chromosome karyotype and biochemical genetics characteristics so as to provide theoretical basis for the application of germplasm identification in C. carpio haematopterus resource protection and species breeding.【Method】The countable and measurable properties of 30 artificial feeding fishes were measured with traditional morphological methods. Polyacrylamide gel vertical plate electrophoresis was used to detect the expression of lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)in C. carpio haematopterus muscle. Renal cell dropping piece-air drying method was conducted to analyze the chromosome number and karyotype were analyzed.【Result】The artificial feeding C. carpio haematopterus was spindle-shaped with a small head and round abdomen. Its horseshoe-shaped mouth was located at the foremost part of the head with two pairs of barbles. Scales on body side were golden yellow while the abdomen was white.Colors of the anal fin,caudle peduncle and lower leaves of caudal fin were orange red while pectoral fin and ventral fin were orange. Furthermore,the dorsal fin formula was D.ⅲ-16-20 and anal fin A.ⅲ-5. The dental formula was 1·1·3/3·1·1 while the number of outer gill racker on the left first gill arch was 19-25. The band numbers of LDH isozymes expressed in muscle were 2 or 5. The study on karyotype showed that the chromosome number was 2 n=100 with a relative length range of 1.20%-2.96%,chromosome formula was 18 m+38 sm+22 st+22 t,arm count(NF)was 156.【Conclusion】Different band types from the germplasm standard SC 1041-2001 C. carpio haematopterus occur in muscle LDH of artificial feeding C.carpio haematopterus. It is inferred that mixed germplasms appear in artificial-breeding C. carpio haematopterus populations. The germplasm of C. carpio haematopterus stocks should be systematically inspected and evaluated before its breeding,proliferation and release. Aquatic original seed farm should strengthen the separation of different stocks and avoid mixing during fish fry production and protection to ensure the purity of the germplasms.
引文
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耿龙武,姜海峰,徐伟.2018.两种方法分析大鳞鲃染色体核型的比较研究[J].水产学报,42(3):334-344.[Geng L W,Jiang H F,Xu W.2018.Comparative study on the karyotype of chromosome of Barbus captio with two methods[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,42(3):334-344.]
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马秀英.2016.河南黄河鲤种质遗传特性的初步研究[D].郑州:河南科技大学.[Ma X Y.2016.The preliminary research on the genetic characteristics of Henan Cyprinus carpio haematopterus[D].Zhengzhou:Henan University of Science&Technology.]
孟彦,张燕,许映芳,方耀林.2009.月鳢和乌鳢同工酶的比较[J].安徽农业科学,37(27):12951-12952.[Meng Y,Zhang Y,Xu Y F,Fang Y L.2009.Comparative studies on the isozymes of Channa asiatica and Channa argus[J].Journal of Anhui Agriculture Sciences,37(27):12951-12952.]
徐钢春,董晶晶,聂志娟,徐跑,顾若波.2012.刀鲚不同组织的乳酸脱氢酶同工酶及DNA含量研究[J].上海海洋大学学报,21(4):481-488.[Xu G C,Dong J J,Nie Z J,Xu P,Gu R B.2012.Studies on lactate dehydrogenase isozymes and DNA content in different tissues of Coilia nasus[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,21(4):481-488.]
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余来宁,夏小平,杨东,刘红艳,张繁荣.2014.草鱼♀×鱤♂杂交F1代同工酶和蛋白质的电泳分析[J].安徽农业科学,42(30):10573-10575.[Yu L N,Xia X P,Yang D,Liu HY,Zhang F R.2014.The electrophoretic analysis of isozymes and proteins of the F1hybrid(Ctenopharyngodon idellus♀×Elopichthys bumbusa♂)[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,42(30):10573-10575.]
张胜宇.2007.湖泊人工增殖放流品种选择与放流技术[J].江西水产科技,(2):2-6.[Zhang S Y.2007.Species selection and restocking technique for artificial releasing in lake[J].Jiangxi Fishery Science and Technology,(2):2-6.]
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