不同添加量凋落物及生物质炭对土壤微生物群落结构的影响
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摘要
以亚热带杉木人工林土壤为研究对象,采用培养试验,研究了杉木凋落物及其生物质炭(Biochar,BC)在不同添加量条件下(0、1%、2%、3%、4%、5%土壤质量分数)对土壤微生物群落结构的影响.结果表明:凋落物处理的土壤微生物总磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)、细菌、真菌含量均随添加量的增加而增加,而丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)和放线菌(ACT)含量在不同添加量处理间则无显著差异.对于BC处理,在3%添加量下土壤微生物总PLFA、革兰氏阳性细菌(GP)、革兰氏阴性细菌(GN)、真菌、AMF和ACT含量均达到最大,表明BC对土壤微生物活性的促进作用与凋落物截然不同.此外,凋落物添加对真菌的影响较大,但对ACT的影响则显著低于BC处理.主成分分析表明,凋落物和BC添加均显著改变了土壤微生物群落结构,且前者的影响更为明显,而添加量对其影响则较小.冗余分析发现,土壤全氮与C/N比值分别为影响凋落物与BC处理中微生物群落结构变化的主要因子.
An incubation experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of the Chinese fir litter and its biochar(BC) with the different addition rates(0, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% of soil mass) on the soil microbial community structure. Results indicate that soil total phospholipid fatty acids(PLFAs), bacterial and fungal PLFAs content increased with litter addition rate, while the PLFAs contents of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF) and actinomycetes(ACT) with all addition rates were not significant. However, 3% BC treatment obtained the highest soil total PLFAs, gram positive bacteria(GP), gram negative bacteria(GN), AMF, ACT and fungal PLFAs content, suggesting that BC treatment effects on soil microbial activity was different from litter treatment. In addition, litter had a greater effect on fungi, but litter treatment effect on ACT were significantly lower than that of BC treatment with the same addition rate. Furthermore, results of principal component analysis show that soil microbial community structure significantly changed due to litter or BC addition and litter treatment was more significant, while the effect of addition rate on soil microbial community structure was relatively smaller. Redundancy analysis indicates that the soil total nitrogen content and C/N ratio were the main factors affecting the change of microbial community structure in litter and BC treatments, respectively.
An incubation experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of the Chinese fir litter and its biochar(BC) with the different addition rates(0, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% of soil mass) on the soil microbial community structure. Results indicate that soil total phospholipid fatty acids(PLFAs), bacterial and fungal PLFAs content increased with litter addition rate, while the PLFAs contents of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF) and actinomycetes(ACT) with all addition rates were not significant. However, 3% BC treatment obtained the highest soil total PLFAs, gram positive bacteria(GP), gram negative bacteria(GN), AMF, ACT and fungal PLFAs content, suggesting that BC treatment effects on soil microbial activity was different from litter treatment. In addition, litter had a greater effect on fungi, but litter treatment effect on ACT were significantly lower than that of BC treatment with the same addition rate. Furthermore, results of principal component analysis show that soil microbial community structure significantly changed due to litter or BC addition and litter treatment was more significant, while the effect of addition rate on soil microbial community structure was relatively smaller. Redundancy analysis indicates that the soil total nitrogen content and C/N ratio were the main factors affecting the change of microbial community structure in litter and BC treatments, respectively.
引文
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陈法霖,郑华,欧阳志云,等.2011.土壤微生物群落结构对凋落物组成变化的响应[J].土壤学报,48(3):603-611
陈威,胡学玉,陆海楠.2015.生物炭输入对土壤本体有机碳矿化的影响[J].环境科学,36(6):2300-2305
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盖霞普,刘宏斌,翟丽梅,等.2016.生物炭对中性水稻土养分和微生物群落结构影响的时间尺度变化研究[J].农业环境科学学报,35(4):719-728
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Gude A,Kandeler E,Gleixner G.2012.Input related microbial carbon dynamic of soil organic matter in particle size fractions[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,47(2):209-219
郭剑芬,陈光水,钱伟,等.2006.万木林自然保护区2种天然林及杉木人工林凋落量及养分归还[J].生态学报,26(12):4091-4098
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Koukol O,Novak F,Hrabal R,et al.2006.Saprotrophic fungi transform organic phosphorus from spruce needle litter[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,38(12):3372-3379
Kuzyakov Y,Horwath W R,Dorodnikov M.2019.Review and synthesis of the effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 on soil processes:NO changes in pools,but increased fluxes and accelerated cycles[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,128:66-78
Lehmann J,Rillig M C,Thies J,et al.2011.Biochar effects on soil biota-A review[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,43(9):1812-1836
雷海迪,尹云锋,刘岩,等.2016.杉木凋落物及其生物炭对土壤微生物群落结构的影响[J].土壤学报,53(3):790-799
刘菊秀,段洪浪,邓琦,等.2009.CO2浓度升高与氮沉降对南亚热带森林生态系统植物生物量积累及分配格局的影响[J].植物生态学报,33(3):570-579
龙健,赵畅,张明江,等.2019.不同坡向凋落物分解对土壤微生物群落的影响[J].生态学报,39(8):2696-2704
Mitchell P J,Simpson A J,Soong R,et al.2015.Shifts in microbial community and water-extractable organic matter composition with biochar amendment in a temperate forest soil[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,81:244-254
Moore-Kucera J,Dick R P.2007.PLFA profiling of microbial community structure and seasonal shifts in soils of a douglas-fir chronosequence[J].Microbial Ecology,55(3):500-511
Muhammad N,Dai Z,Xiao K,et al.2014.Changes in microbial community structure due to biochars generated from different feedstocks and their relationships with soil chemical properties[J].Geoderma,226-227(1):270-278
Neff J C,Townsend A R,Gleixner G,et al.2002.Variable effects of nitrogen additions on the stability and turnover of organic carbon[J].Nature,419:915-917
Nevins C J,Nakatsu C,Armstrong S.2018.Characterization of microbial community response to cover crop residue decomposition[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,127:39-49
Sigua G C,Novak J M,Watts D W,et al.2016.Impact of swichgrass biochars with supplemental nitrogen on carbon-nitrogen mineralization in highly weathered Coastal Plain Ultisols[J].Chemosphere,145:135-141
Spokas K A,Novak J M,Stewart C E,et al.2011.Qualitative analysis of volatile organic compounds on biochar[J].Chemosphere,85(5):869-882
Stewart C E,Zheng J,Botte J,et al.2013.Co-generated fast pyrolysis biochar mitigates greenhouse gas emissions and increases carbon sequestration in temperate soils[J].Global Change Biology Bioenergy,5(2):153-164
Wan X H,Huang Z Q,He Z M,et al.2015.Soil C/N ratio is the major determinant of soil microbial community structure in subtropical coniferous and broadleaf forest plantations[J].Plant and Soil,387(1/2):103-116
万晓华,黄志群,何宗明,等.2016.改变碳输入对亚热带人工林土壤微生物生物量和群落组成的影响[J].生态学报,36(12):3582-3590
王巍巍,赵琼,赵欣然,等.2015.凋落物管理对樟子松人工林土壤微生物群落结构的影响[J].生态学杂志,34(9):2605-2612
王晓峰,汪思龙,张伟东.2013.杉木凋落物对土壤有机碳分解及微生物生物量碳的影响[J].应用生态学报,24(9):2393-2398
尹艳,刘岩,尹云锋,等.2018.生物质炭添加对杉木人工林土壤原有有机碳矿化的影响[J].应用生态学报,29(5):1389-1396
Yuan J H,Xu R K,Zhang H.2011.The forms of alkalis in the biochar produced from crop residues at different temperatures[J].Bioresource Technology,102(3):3488-3497
余涵霞,王家宜,万方浩,等.2018.植物凋落物影响土壤有机质分解的研究进展[J].生物安全学报,27(2):88-94
Zhang L Y,Jing Y M,Xiang Y Z,et al.2018.Responses of soil microbial community structure changes and activities to biochar addition:A meta-analysis[J].Science of the Total Environment,643:926-935
Zhu X M,Chen B L,Zhu L Z,et al.2017.Effects and mechanisms of biochar-microbe interactions in soil improvement and pollution remediation:A review[J].Environmental Pollution,227:98-115
郑璐嘉,黄志群,何宗明,等.2015.林龄、叶龄对亚热带杉木人工林碳氮稳定同位素组成的影响[J].林业科学,51(1):22-28
周际海,袁东东,袁颖红,等.2018.生物质炭与有机物料混施对土壤温室气体排放和微生物活性的影响[J].环境科学学报,38(7):2849-2857
陈法霖,郑华,欧阳志云,等.2011.土壤微生物群落结构对凋落物组成变化的响应[J].土壤学报,48(3):603-611
陈威,胡学玉,陆海楠.2015.生物炭输入对土壤本体有机碳矿化的影响[J].环境科学,36(6):2300-2305
樊芳玲,谢德体,魏朝富,等.2016.坡耕地-桑树系统土壤微生物群落结构的PLFA分析[J].生态学报,36(12):3812-3823
Farrell M,Kuhn T K,Macdonald L M,et al.2013.Microbial utilisation of biochar-derived carbon[J].Science of the Total Environment,465:288-297
Frosteg?rd ?,Tunlid A,B??th E.2011.Use and misuse of PLFA measurements in soils[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,43(8):1621-1625
盖霞普,刘宏斌,翟丽梅,等.2016.生物炭对中性水稻土养分和微生物群落结构影响的时间尺度变化研究[J].农业环境科学学报,35(4):719-728
Gomez J D,Denef K,Stewart C E,et al.2014.Biochar addition rate influences soil microbial abundance and activity in temperate soils[J].European Journal of Soil Science,65(1):28-39
Gude A,Kandeler E,Gleixner G.2012.Input related microbial carbon dynamic of soil organic matter in particle size fractions[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,47(2):209-219
郭剑芬,陈光水,钱伟,等.2006.万木林自然保护区2种天然林及杉木人工林凋落量及养分归还[J].生态学报,26(12):4091-4098
Hale S E,Lehmann J,Rutherford D,et al.2012.Quantifying the total and bioavailable polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and dioxins in biochars[J].Environmental Science and Technology,46(5):2830-2838
Hansson K,Olsson B A,Olsson M,et al.2011.Differences in soil properties in adjacent stands of Scots pine,Norway spruce and silver birch in SW Sweden[J].Forest Ecology and Management,262(3):522-530
何玉亭,王昌全,沈杰,等.2016.两种生物质炭对红壤团聚体结构稳定性和微生物群落的影响[J].中国农业科学,49(12):2333-2342
Jiang X,Denef K,Stewart C E,et al.2016.Controls and dynamics of biochar decomposition and soil microbial abundance,composition,and carbon use efficiency during long-term biochar-amended soil incubations[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,52(1):1-14
Koukol O,Novak F,Hrabal R,et al.2006.Saprotrophic fungi transform organic phosphorus from spruce needle litter[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,38(12):3372-3379
Kuzyakov Y,Horwath W R,Dorodnikov M.2019.Review and synthesis of the effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 on soil processes:NO changes in pools,but increased fluxes and accelerated cycles[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,128:66-78
Lehmann J,Rillig M C,Thies J,et al.2011.Biochar effects on soil biota-A review[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,43(9):1812-1836
雷海迪,尹云锋,刘岩,等.2016.杉木凋落物及其生物炭对土壤微生物群落结构的影响[J].土壤学报,53(3):790-799
刘菊秀,段洪浪,邓琦,等.2009.CO2浓度升高与氮沉降对南亚热带森林生态系统植物生物量积累及分配格局的影响[J].植物生态学报,33(3):570-579
龙健,赵畅,张明江,等.2019.不同坡向凋落物分解对土壤微生物群落的影响[J].生态学报,39(8):2696-2704
Mitchell P J,Simpson A J,Soong R,et al.2015.Shifts in microbial community and water-extractable organic matter composition with biochar amendment in a temperate forest soil[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,81:244-254
Moore-Kucera J,Dick R P.2007.PLFA profiling of microbial community structure and seasonal shifts in soils of a douglas-fir chronosequence[J].Microbial Ecology,55(3):500-511
Muhammad N,Dai Z,Xiao K,et al.2014.Changes in microbial community structure due to biochars generated from different feedstocks and their relationships with soil chemical properties[J].Geoderma,226-227(1):270-278
Neff J C,Townsend A R,Gleixner G,et al.2002.Variable effects of nitrogen additions on the stability and turnover of organic carbon[J].Nature,419:915-917
Nevins C J,Nakatsu C,Armstrong S.2018.Characterization of microbial community response to cover crop residue decomposition[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,127:39-49
Sigua G C,Novak J M,Watts D W,et al.2016.Impact of swichgrass biochars with supplemental nitrogen on carbon-nitrogen mineralization in highly weathered Coastal Plain Ultisols[J].Chemosphere,145:135-141
Spokas K A,Novak J M,Stewart C E,et al.2011.Qualitative analysis of volatile organic compounds on biochar[J].Chemosphere,85(5):869-882
Stewart C E,Zheng J,Botte J,et al.2013.Co-generated fast pyrolysis biochar mitigates greenhouse gas emissions and increases carbon sequestration in temperate soils[J].Global Change Biology Bioenergy,5(2):153-164
Wan X H,Huang Z Q,He Z M,et al.2015.Soil C/N ratio is the major determinant of soil microbial community structure in subtropical coniferous and broadleaf forest plantations[J].Plant and Soil,387(1/2):103-116
万晓华,黄志群,何宗明,等.2016.改变碳输入对亚热带人工林土壤微生物生物量和群落组成的影响[J].生态学报,36(12):3582-3590
王巍巍,赵琼,赵欣然,等.2015.凋落物管理对樟子松人工林土壤微生物群落结构的影响[J].生态学杂志,34(9):2605-2612
王晓峰,汪思龙,张伟东.2013.杉木凋落物对土壤有机碳分解及微生物生物量碳的影响[J].应用生态学报,24(9):2393-2398
尹艳,刘岩,尹云锋,等.2018.生物质炭添加对杉木人工林土壤原有有机碳矿化的影响[J].应用生态学报,29(5):1389-1396
Yuan J H,Xu R K,Zhang H.2011.The forms of alkalis in the biochar produced from crop residues at different temperatures[J].Bioresource Technology,102(3):3488-3497
余涵霞,王家宜,万方浩,等.2018.植物凋落物影响土壤有机质分解的研究进展[J].生物安全学报,27(2):88-94
Zhang L Y,Jing Y M,Xiang Y Z,et al.2018.Responses of soil microbial community structure changes and activities to biochar addition:A meta-analysis[J].Science of the Total Environment,643:926-935
Zhu X M,Chen B L,Zhu L Z,et al.2017.Effects and mechanisms of biochar-microbe interactions in soil improvement and pollution remediation:A review[J].Environmental Pollution,227:98-115
郑璐嘉,黄志群,何宗明,等.2015.林龄、叶龄对亚热带杉木人工林碳氮稳定同位素组成的影响[J].林业科学,51(1):22-28
周际海,袁东东,袁颖红,等.2018.生物质炭与有机物料混施对土壤温室气体排放和微生物活性的影响[J].环境科学学报,38(7):2849-2857
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