厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥快速培养及其抑制动力学
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摘要
为实现厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥(ANAMMOX granular sludge,AGS)的快速培养,采用上流式厌氧污泥床(up-flow anaerobic sludge bed,UASB)工艺,在添加少量絮状厌氧氨氧化污泥(flocculent ANAMMOX sludge,FAS)的反应器内填充生物流离球作为填料,对ANAMMOX的启动及FAS的颗粒化进行研究.同时利用Haldane模型研究AGS的基质抑制动力学特性.结果表明,利用生物流离球作为填料,实现了ANAMMOX的启动,总氮去除率达85%以上,总氮容积负荷为0. 72 kg·(m3·d)-1,并在127 d内成功培养出直径1. 0～3. 0 mm的AGS.动力学研究表明,反应器内AGS对氨和亚硝酸盐的最大反应速率分别为1. 46 kg·(kg·d)-1和1. 76 kg·(kg·d)-1,半抑制速率分别是852. 2 mmol·L-1和108. 2 mmol·L-1.与絮状污泥相比,AGS能承受更高的氨和亚硝酸盐抑制浓度,并保持较高的反应速率.采用含有海绵的生物流离球作为填料,能有效加速反应器的启动,加快AGS的形成,对厌氧氨氧化工艺的实际运行具有积极的意义.
For the rapid cultivation of anaerobic ammonium oxidation( ANAMMOX) granular sludge( AGS),a small amount of flocculent ANAMMOX sludge( FAS) was taken as the research object,and a bio-flow separate ball was used as the filler in an up-flow anaerobic sludge bed( UASB) to rapidly begin ANAMMOX and to cultivate granular sludge. In addition,the substrate inhibition kinetic characteristics of the AGS were investigated by using the Haldane model. The results showed that start-up of the ANAMMOX was successfully achieved. The total nitrogen removal rate was more than 85%,and the volume load of total nitrogen was 0. 72 kg·( m3·d)-1. AGS with diameters of 1. 0-3. 0 mm were cultured within 127 days using the Bio-flow Separate Ball. The kinetic studies showed that the maximum reaction rates for ammonia and nitrite of granular sludge were 1. 46 kg·( kg·d)-1 and 1. 76 kg·( kg·d)-1,with half inhibition constants of ammonia and nitrite at 852. 2 mmol·L-1 and 108. 2 mmol·L-1,respectively. Compared with FAS,AGS can withstand higher concentrations of ammonia and nitrite and can maintain a higher reaction rate. The placement of the filler has positive significance for starting ANAMMOX and rapidly culturing AGS.
For the rapid cultivation of anaerobic ammonium oxidation( ANAMMOX) granular sludge( AGS),a small amount of flocculent ANAMMOX sludge( FAS) was taken as the research object,and a bio-flow separate ball was used as the filler in an up-flow anaerobic sludge bed( UASB) to rapidly begin ANAMMOX and to cultivate granular sludge. In addition,the substrate inhibition kinetic characteristics of the AGS were investigated by using the Haldane model. The results showed that start-up of the ANAMMOX was successfully achieved. The total nitrogen removal rate was more than 85%,and the volume load of total nitrogen was 0. 72 kg·( m3·d)-1. AGS with diameters of 1. 0-3. 0 mm were cultured within 127 days using the Bio-flow Separate Ball. The kinetic studies showed that the maximum reaction rates for ammonia and nitrite of granular sludge were 1. 46 kg·( kg·d)-1 and 1. 76 kg·( kg·d)-1,with half inhibition constants of ammonia and nitrite at 852. 2 mmol·L-1 and 108. 2 mmol·L-1,respectively. Compared with FAS,AGS can withstand higher concentrations of ammonia and nitrite and can maintain a higher reaction rate. The placement of the filler has positive significance for starting ANAMMOX and rapidly culturing AGS.
引文
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[2] Yang S,Yang F L. Nitrogen removal via short-cut simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in an intermittently aerated moving bed membrane bioreactor[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2011,195:318-323.
[3] Ma H Y,Niu Q G,Zhang Y L,et al. Substrate inhibition and concentration control in an UASB-Anammox process[J].Bioresource Technology,2017,238:263-272.
[4] Wang T,Zhang H M,Gao D W,et al. Comparison between MBR and SBR on anammox start-up process from the conventional activated sludge[J]. Bioresource Technology,2012,122:78-82.
[5] López H,Puig S,GaniguéR,et al. Start-up and enrichment of a granular anammox SBR to treat high nitrogen load wastewaters[J]. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology,2008,83(3):233-241.
[6]唐崇俭,熊蕾,王云燕,等.高效厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥的动力学特性[J].环境科学,2013,34(9):3544-3551.Tang C J,Xiong L,Wang Y Y,et al. Kinetic characteristics of high-rate Anammox granules[J]. Environmental Science,2013,34(9):3544-3551.
[7]丛岩,黄晓丽,王小龙,等.厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥的快速形成[J].化工学报,2014,65(2):664-671.Cong Y,Huang X L,Wang X L,et al. Faster formation of Anammox granular sludge[J]. CIESC Journal,2014,65(2):664-671.
[8]陈光辉,李军,邓海亮,等.包埋菌启动厌氧氨氧化反应器及其动力学性能[J].化工学报,2015,66(4):1459-1466.Chen G H,Li J,Deng H L,et al. Performance and kinetic characteristics of immobilized granules on start-up of Anammox bioreactor[J]. CIESC Journal,2015,66(4):1459-1466.
[9]刘晓宇,王思慧,薛耀琦,等.厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥的快速培养与形成机理[J].环境工程学报,2016,10(3):1223-1227.Liu X Y,Wang S H,Xue Y Q,et al. Rapid cultivation and formation mechanism of anammox granular sludge[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2016,10(3):1223-1227.
[10]冯平,周少奇.常温下厌氧氨氧化生物膜反应器的启动研究[J].环境科学与技术,2010,33(6):19-22,34.Feng P,Zhou S Q. Experimental study on start-up of UASBAnammox biofilm reactor at ordinary temperature[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2010,33(6):19-22,34.
[11] Strous M,van Gerven E,Zheng P,et al. Ammonium removal from concentrated waste streams with the anaerobic ammonium oxidation(Anammox)process in different reactor configurations[J]. Water Research,1997,31(8):1955-1962.
[12]曹天昊,王淑莹,苗蕾,等.不同基质浓度下SBR进水方式对厌氧氨氧化的影响[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(8):2334-2341.Cao T H,Wang S Y,Miao L,et al. Influence of feeding modes on anammox under different influent substrate concentration in SBR[J]. China Environmental Science,2015,33(8):2334-2341.
[13]国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].(第四版).北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[14] Chen G H,Li J,Tabassum S,et al. Anaerobic ammonium oxidation(ANAMMOX)sludge immobilized by waterborne polyurethane and its nitrogen removal performance-a lab scale study[J]. RSC Advances,2015,5(32):25372-25381.
[15]丁爽,郑平,张萌,等.厌氧氨氧化菌群体感应系统研究[J].生态学报,2012,32(8):2581-2587.Ding S,Zheng P,Zhang M,et al. Quorum sensing in anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2012,32(8):2581-2587.
[16]沈冰洁,王荣昌.厌氧氨氧化菌富集培养技术关键与影响因素[J].工业水处理. 2013,33(10):6-10.Shen B J, Wang R C. Technical essentials and influencing factors of the enrichment of anaerobic ammonia oxidation(ANAMMOX)bacteria[J]. Industrial Water Treatment,2013,33(10):6-10.
[17] Fan N S, Wang R F, Qi R, et al. Control strategy for filamentous sludge bulking:bench-scale test and full-scale application[J]. Chemosphere,2018,210:709-716.
[18]郑照明,李军,马静,等. SNAD生物膜厌氧氨氧化活性的氨氮抑制动力学研究[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(10):2957-2963.Zheng Z M,Li J,Ma J,et al. The kinetic coefficients of ammonium inhibition on the Anammox activity of SNAD biofilm[J]. China Environmental Science,2016,36(10):2957-2963.
[19]李伟刚,于德爽,李津. ASBR反应器厌氧氨氧化脱氮Ⅱ:反应动力学[J].中国环境科学,2013,33(12):2191-2200.Li W G,Yu D S,Li J. Nitrogen removal in the Anammox sequencing batch reactor II:kinetics characteristics[J]. China Environmental Science,2013,33(12):2191-2200.
[20] Gee C S,Suidan M T,Pfeffer J T. Modeling of nitrification under substrate-inhibiting conditions[J]. Journal of Environmental Engineering,1990,116(1):18-31.
[21] Qin Y J,Han B,Cao Y,et al. Impact of substrate concentration on anammox-UBF reactors start-up[J]. Bioresource Technology,2017,239:422-429.
[22]陈永,张树德,张杰,等.亚硝酸盐氮浓度对厌氧氨氧化反应的影响[J].中国给水排水,2006,22(17):74-76.Chen Y,Zhang S D,Zhang J,et al. Influence of nitrite nitrogen concentration on ANAMMOX process[J]. China Water&Wastewater,2006,22(17):74-76.
[23]于鹏飞,周明俊,孙明,等.氮负荷对厌氧氨氧化污泥颗粒化的影响[J].水处理技术,2016,42(7):25-29,34.Yu P F,Zhou M J,Sun M,et al. Nitrogen load effects on anaerobic ammonia oxidation granular sludge[J]. Technology of Water Treatment,2016,42(7):25-29,34.
[24]李惠娟,彭党聪,陈国燕,等. ANAMMOX的快速启动及EPS在ANAMMOX颗粒污泥中的空间分布[J].环境科学,2017,38(7):2931-2940.Li H J,Peng D C,Chen G Y,et al. Fast start-up of ANAMMOX and the spatial distribution of EPS in ANAMMOX granules[J].Environmental Science,2017,38(7):2931-2940.
[25] Wang Q T,Wang Y L,Lin J B,et al. Selection of seeding strategy for fast start-up of Anammox process with low concentration of Anammox sludge inoculum[J]. Bioresource Technology,2018,268:638-647.
[26]于英翠,高大文,陶彧,等.利用序批式生物膜反应器启动厌氧氨氧化研究[J].中国环境科学,2012,32(5):843-849.Yu C Y,Gao D W,Tao Y,et al. Start-up of anammox in a sequencing batch biofilm reactor(SBBR)[J]. China Environmental Science,2012,32(5):843-849.
[27] Wei L P,Lu Y J,Wei J J. Flow separation from a spherical particle in supercritical water[J]. Chemical Engineering Research and Design,2014,92(11):2273-2282.
[28] Tang X,Liu S T,Zhang Z T,et al. Identification of the release and effects of AHLs in anammox culture for bacteria communication[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal,2015,273:184-191.
[29]彭永臻,张向晖,马斌,等.厌氧氨氧化菌群体感应机制[J].北京工业大学学报,2018,44(3):449-454.Peng Y Z,Zhang X H,Ma B,et al. Mechanism of quorum sensing in anaerobic ammonium oxidation(Anammox)bacteria[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Technology,2018,44(3):449-454.
[30] Zhao R,Zhang H M,Zhang F,et al. Fast start-up anammox process using Acyl-homoserine lactones(AHLs)containing supernatant[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences,2018,65:127-132.
[31]李海玲,李冬,张杰,等.调控温度和沉降时间实现ANAMMOX颗粒快速启动及其稳定运行[J].环境科学,2019,40(2):837-844.Li H L,Li D,Zhang J,et al. Adjusting temperature and settling time to achieve ANAMMOX particles rapid start-up and stable operation[J]. Environmental Science,2019,40(2):837-844.
[32] Tang C J,Zheng P,Wang C H,et al. Performance of highloaded ANAMMOX UASB reactors containing granular sludge[J]. Water Research,2011,45(1):135-144.
[33]祖波,张代钧,阎青.颗粒污泥厌氧氨氧化动力学特性及微量NO2的影响[J].环境科学,2008,29(3):683-687.Zu B,Zhang D J,Yan Q. Effect of trace NO2and kinetic characteristics for anaerobic ammonium oxidation of granular sludge[J]. Environmental Science,2008,29(3):683-687.
[2] Yang S,Yang F L. Nitrogen removal via short-cut simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in an intermittently aerated moving bed membrane bioreactor[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2011,195:318-323.
[3] Ma H Y,Niu Q G,Zhang Y L,et al. Substrate inhibition and concentration control in an UASB-Anammox process[J].Bioresource Technology,2017,238:263-272.
[4] Wang T,Zhang H M,Gao D W,et al. Comparison between MBR and SBR on anammox start-up process from the conventional activated sludge[J]. Bioresource Technology,2012,122:78-82.
[5] López H,Puig S,GaniguéR,et al. Start-up and enrichment of a granular anammox SBR to treat high nitrogen load wastewaters[J]. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology,2008,83(3):233-241.
[6]唐崇俭,熊蕾,王云燕,等.高效厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥的动力学特性[J].环境科学,2013,34(9):3544-3551.Tang C J,Xiong L,Wang Y Y,et al. Kinetic characteristics of high-rate Anammox granules[J]. Environmental Science,2013,34(9):3544-3551.
[7]丛岩,黄晓丽,王小龙,等.厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥的快速形成[J].化工学报,2014,65(2):664-671.Cong Y,Huang X L,Wang X L,et al. Faster formation of Anammox granular sludge[J]. CIESC Journal,2014,65(2):664-671.
[8]陈光辉,李军,邓海亮,等.包埋菌启动厌氧氨氧化反应器及其动力学性能[J].化工学报,2015,66(4):1459-1466.Chen G H,Li J,Deng H L,et al. Performance and kinetic characteristics of immobilized granules on start-up of Anammox bioreactor[J]. CIESC Journal,2015,66(4):1459-1466.
[9]刘晓宇,王思慧,薛耀琦,等.厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥的快速培养与形成机理[J].环境工程学报,2016,10(3):1223-1227.Liu X Y,Wang S H,Xue Y Q,et al. Rapid cultivation and formation mechanism of anammox granular sludge[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2016,10(3):1223-1227.
[10]冯平,周少奇.常温下厌氧氨氧化生物膜反应器的启动研究[J].环境科学与技术,2010,33(6):19-22,34.Feng P,Zhou S Q. Experimental study on start-up of UASBAnammox biofilm reactor at ordinary temperature[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2010,33(6):19-22,34.
[11] Strous M,van Gerven E,Zheng P,et al. Ammonium removal from concentrated waste streams with the anaerobic ammonium oxidation(Anammox)process in different reactor configurations[J]. Water Research,1997,31(8):1955-1962.
[12]曹天昊,王淑莹,苗蕾,等.不同基质浓度下SBR进水方式对厌氧氨氧化的影响[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(8):2334-2341.Cao T H,Wang S Y,Miao L,et al. Influence of feeding modes on anammox under different influent substrate concentration in SBR[J]. China Environmental Science,2015,33(8):2334-2341.
[13]国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].(第四版).北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[14] Chen G H,Li J,Tabassum S,et al. Anaerobic ammonium oxidation(ANAMMOX)sludge immobilized by waterborne polyurethane and its nitrogen removal performance-a lab scale study[J]. RSC Advances,2015,5(32):25372-25381.
[15]丁爽,郑平,张萌,等.厌氧氨氧化菌群体感应系统研究[J].生态学报,2012,32(8):2581-2587.Ding S,Zheng P,Zhang M,et al. Quorum sensing in anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2012,32(8):2581-2587.
[16]沈冰洁,王荣昌.厌氧氨氧化菌富集培养技术关键与影响因素[J].工业水处理. 2013,33(10):6-10.Shen B J, Wang R C. Technical essentials and influencing factors of the enrichment of anaerobic ammonia oxidation(ANAMMOX)bacteria[J]. Industrial Water Treatment,2013,33(10):6-10.
[17] Fan N S, Wang R F, Qi R, et al. Control strategy for filamentous sludge bulking:bench-scale test and full-scale application[J]. Chemosphere,2018,210:709-716.
[18]郑照明,李军,马静,等. SNAD生物膜厌氧氨氧化活性的氨氮抑制动力学研究[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(10):2957-2963.Zheng Z M,Li J,Ma J,et al. The kinetic coefficients of ammonium inhibition on the Anammox activity of SNAD biofilm[J]. China Environmental Science,2016,36(10):2957-2963.
[19]李伟刚,于德爽,李津. ASBR反应器厌氧氨氧化脱氮Ⅱ:反应动力学[J].中国环境科学,2013,33(12):2191-2200.Li W G,Yu D S,Li J. Nitrogen removal in the Anammox sequencing batch reactor II:kinetics characteristics[J]. China Environmental Science,2013,33(12):2191-2200.
[20] Gee C S,Suidan M T,Pfeffer J T. Modeling of nitrification under substrate-inhibiting conditions[J]. Journal of Environmental Engineering,1990,116(1):18-31.
[21] Qin Y J,Han B,Cao Y,et al. Impact of substrate concentration on anammox-UBF reactors start-up[J]. Bioresource Technology,2017,239:422-429.
[22]陈永,张树德,张杰,等.亚硝酸盐氮浓度对厌氧氨氧化反应的影响[J].中国给水排水,2006,22(17):74-76.Chen Y,Zhang S D,Zhang J,et al. Influence of nitrite nitrogen concentration on ANAMMOX process[J]. China Water&Wastewater,2006,22(17):74-76.
[23]于鹏飞,周明俊,孙明,等.氮负荷对厌氧氨氧化污泥颗粒化的影响[J].水处理技术,2016,42(7):25-29,34.Yu P F,Zhou M J,Sun M,et al. Nitrogen load effects on anaerobic ammonia oxidation granular sludge[J]. Technology of Water Treatment,2016,42(7):25-29,34.
[24]李惠娟,彭党聪,陈国燕,等. ANAMMOX的快速启动及EPS在ANAMMOX颗粒污泥中的空间分布[J].环境科学,2017,38(7):2931-2940.Li H J,Peng D C,Chen G Y,et al. Fast start-up of ANAMMOX and the spatial distribution of EPS in ANAMMOX granules[J].Environmental Science,2017,38(7):2931-2940.
[25] Wang Q T,Wang Y L,Lin J B,et al. Selection of seeding strategy for fast start-up of Anammox process with low concentration of Anammox sludge inoculum[J]. Bioresource Technology,2018,268:638-647.
[26]于英翠,高大文,陶彧,等.利用序批式生物膜反应器启动厌氧氨氧化研究[J].中国环境科学,2012,32(5):843-849.Yu C Y,Gao D W,Tao Y,et al. Start-up of anammox in a sequencing batch biofilm reactor(SBBR)[J]. China Environmental Science,2012,32(5):843-849.
[27] Wei L P,Lu Y J,Wei J J. Flow separation from a spherical particle in supercritical water[J]. Chemical Engineering Research and Design,2014,92(11):2273-2282.
[28] Tang X,Liu S T,Zhang Z T,et al. Identification of the release and effects of AHLs in anammox culture for bacteria communication[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal,2015,273:184-191.
[29]彭永臻,张向晖,马斌,等.厌氧氨氧化菌群体感应机制[J].北京工业大学学报,2018,44(3):449-454.Peng Y Z,Zhang X H,Ma B,et al. Mechanism of quorum sensing in anaerobic ammonium oxidation(Anammox)bacteria[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Technology,2018,44(3):449-454.
[30] Zhao R,Zhang H M,Zhang F,et al. Fast start-up anammox process using Acyl-homoserine lactones(AHLs)containing supernatant[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences,2018,65:127-132.
[31]李海玲,李冬,张杰,等.调控温度和沉降时间实现ANAMMOX颗粒快速启动及其稳定运行[J].环境科学,2019,40(2):837-844.Li H L,Li D,Zhang J,et al. Adjusting temperature and settling time to achieve ANAMMOX particles rapid start-up and stable operation[J]. Environmental Science,2019,40(2):837-844.
[32] Tang C J,Zheng P,Wang C H,et al. Performance of highloaded ANAMMOX UASB reactors containing granular sludge[J]. Water Research,2011,45(1):135-144.
[33]祖波,张代钧,阎青.颗粒污泥厌氧氨氧化动力学特性及微量NO2的影响[J].环境科学,2008,29(3):683-687.Zu B,Zhang D J,Yan Q. Effect of trace NO2and kinetic characteristics for anaerobic ammonium oxidation of granular sludge[J]. Environmental Science,2008,29(3):683-687.
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