盐度、铜离子及草甘膦对翅碱蓬发芽率和生长的影响
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摘要
为探究辽宁盘锦红海滩湿地翅碱蓬Suaeda heteroptera死亡的原因,采用水培方式在实验室条件下进行了不同盐度(5、10、15、20、25、30)、铜离子浓度(0、0.1、0.5、2.0、5.0 mg/L)和草甘膦浓度(0、1、5、10、20 mg/L)对翅碱蓬种子发芽率及其幼苗生长的影响试验。结果表明:低浓度铜离子(≤0.1 mg/L)对翅碱蓬发芽率和幼苗生长具有促进作用,与对照组相比发芽率提高了7.3%,随铜离子浓度的增大,翅碱蓬种子发芽率和幼苗生长逐渐下降,且二者间存在显著的剂量效应关系;盐度对翅碱蓬发芽率具有显著的抑制作用(P<0.05),随着盐度的增加发芽率不断降低,低盐度(≤15)对翅碱蓬幼苗生长具有一定的促进作用,而高盐度(20～30)对其幼苗生长均有一定抑制作用,但浓度间影响差异不明显(P>0.05),由此验证了翅碱蓬对盐的高耐受性;草甘膦对翅碱蓬的发芽率和幼苗生长均具有显著的抑制作用(P<0.05),说明翅碱蓬对此类除草剂极其敏感。本研究结果可为盘锦红海滩翅碱蓬生态退化原因调查提供参考依据。
The germination rate and inhibition rate were determinated in saline seepweed Suaeda heteroptera in Panjin Red Beach wetland exposed to salinity of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30, copper ion concentrations of 0(control), 0.1, 0.5, 2.0, and 5.0 mg/L and Glyphosate concentrations of 0(control), 1, 5, 10 and 20 mg/L by a water grid method of a petri dish in a laboratory to explore the cause of death of saline seepweed at temperature of(20±1)℃. The higher germination rates and good growth were observed in saline seepweed exposed to low concentrations of copper ion(≤0.1 mg/L), with 7.3% higher germination rate in the treatment groups than those in the control group. The germination rates and height of saline seepweed were shown to be decreased with the increasing concentrations of copper ion(0.1-5.0 mg/L). There were gradual decrease in seed germination rate and seedling height of saline seepweed as the copper ion concentration was raised from 0.1 mg/L to 5.0 mg/L, with a significant dose-response relationship between copper ion concentration and germination rates and heights of saline seepweed. There was significant inhibitory effect of salinity on the germination rates of saline seepweed, with low germination rate at continuous increase in salinity, and a certain role in promoting height of saline seepweed seedlings at low salinity(≤15), although the high salinity(20-30) showed certain inhibitory effect on the seedling height, without significant difference(P>0.05), indicating that the high tolerance of saline seepweedto salinity. Glyphosate had a significant inhibitory effect on the germination rate and seedling height of saline seepweed(P<0.05), extremely sensitive to such herbicides.
The germination rate and inhibition rate were determinated in saline seepweed Suaeda heteroptera in Panjin Red Beach wetland exposed to salinity of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30, copper ion concentrations of 0(control), 0.1, 0.5, 2.0, and 5.0 mg/L and Glyphosate concentrations of 0(control), 1, 5, 10 and 20 mg/L by a water grid method of a petri dish in a laboratory to explore the cause of death of saline seepweed at temperature of(20±1)℃. The higher germination rates and good growth were observed in saline seepweed exposed to low concentrations of copper ion(≤0.1 mg/L), with 7.3% higher germination rate in the treatment groups than those in the control group. The germination rates and height of saline seepweed were shown to be decreased with the increasing concentrations of copper ion(0.1-5.0 mg/L). There were gradual decrease in seed germination rate and seedling height of saline seepweed as the copper ion concentration was raised from 0.1 mg/L to 5.0 mg/L, with a significant dose-response relationship between copper ion concentration and germination rates and heights of saline seepweed. There was significant inhibitory effect of salinity on the germination rates of saline seepweed, with low germination rate at continuous increase in salinity, and a certain role in promoting height of saline seepweed seedlings at low salinity(≤15), although the high salinity(20-30) showed certain inhibitory effect on the seedling height, without significant difference(P>0.05), indicating that the high tolerance of saline seepweedto salinity. Glyphosate had a significant inhibitory effect on the germination rate and seedling height of saline seepweed(P<0.05), extremely sensitive to such herbicides.
引文
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[19] 王传旗,谢国平,白玛曲珍,等.NaCl对西藏不同地域野生披碱草种子萌发的影响研究[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2017(7):142-146.
[20] 高凤菊,曹鹏鹏,王乐政,等.盐度对不同类型甜高粱品种萌发的影响[J].山东农业科学,2011(11):44-47.
[21] 戚志伟.崇明东滩滨海围垦湿地芦苇光合和生长对土壤水盐因子的响应[D].上海:华东师范大学,2017.
[22] 刘逸泠,覃盈盈,郑海雷.红树植物耐水淹和高盐适应性研究进展[J].厦门大学学报:自然科学版,2017,56(3):314-322.
[23] 林静雯,李莹,罗洁文,等.草甘膦对杉木种子萌发及幼苗生长的毒性效应[J].江西农业大学学报,2015,37(5):843-848,858.
[24] 张冬,张宇,王萌,等.草甘膦对植物生理影响的研究进展[J].热带农业科学,2016,36(9):55-61.
[25] 苏少泉.草甘膦述评[J].农药,2005,44(4):145-149.
[2] 何洁,陈旭,王晓庆,等.翅碱蓬对滩涂湿地沉积物中重金属Cu、Pb的累积吸收[J].大连海洋大学学报,2012,27(6):539-545.
[3] 何洁,吉志新,王庆芝,等.翅碱蓬栽培对原油污染土壤理化性质的影响[J].大连海洋大学学报,2016,31(1):75-79.
[4] 赵满兴,贺治慧,王文强,等.不同浓度柴油污染对高羊茅和紫花苜蓿生长的影响[J].北方园艺,2018,42(4):121-127.
[5] 刘晓威,杨秀艳,刘正祥,等.MicroRNA在植物抵御盐胁迫过程中的作用[J].生物技术通报,2017,33(12):12-21.
[6] 李雪.碱蓬草在盘锦红海滩公园建设工程中的应用[J].中国园艺文摘,2017,33(1):113-114,143.
[7] Goswami S,Das S.Copper phytoremediation potential of Calandula officinalis L. and the role of antioxidant enzymes in metal tolerance[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2016,126:211-218.
[8] 刘志杰,李培英,张晓龙,等.黄河三角洲滨海湿地表层沉积物重金属区域分布及生态风险评价[J].环境科学,2012,33(4):1182-1188.
[9] 李娟霞.紫云英对铜尾矿矿砂的耐性机理及修复潜力研究[D].南昌:江西财经大学,2015.
[10] 王军华,王易芬,陈蕾蕾,等.除草剂草甘膦微生物降解技术研究进展[J].江苏农业科学,2016,44(4):8-12.
[11] 陈阳阳.辽河流域典型湿地生态修复方案研究[D].北京:中国石油大学(北京),2016.
[12] 薛楠.土壤铜对植物生长及叶片反射光谱的影响研究[D].沈阳:沈阳理工大学,2016.
[13] 李瑞莉,齐淑艳,刘娜,等.铅、镉、铜对4种入侵植物种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响[J].东北师大学报:自然科学版,2017,49(4):101-108.
[14] Andreazza R,Bortolon L,Pieniz S,et al.Phytoremediation of vineyard copper-contaminated soil and copper mining waste by a high potential bioenergy crop (Helianthus annus L.)[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition,2015,38(10):1580-1594.
[15] Bouazizi H,Jouili H,Geitmann A,et al.Cell wall accumulation of Cu ions and modulation of lignifying enzymes in primary leaves of bean seedlings exposed to excess copper[J].Biological Trace Element Research,2011,139(1):97-107.
[16] 公勤,康群,王玲,等.重金属铜对植物毒害机理的研究现状及展望[J].南方农业学报,2018,49(3):469-475.
[17] 刘金萍,高奔,李欣,等.盐旱互作对不同生境盐地碱蓬种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响[J].生态学报,2010,30(20):5485-5490.
[18] 王浩东,高芳磊,郭宏宇,等.盐度、水淹深度和践踏胁迫下七里海湿地盐地碱蓬种子的幼苗出土率和生长特点[J].湿地科学,2017,15(2):250-255.
[19] 王传旗,谢国平,白玛曲珍,等.NaCl对西藏不同地域野生披碱草种子萌发的影响研究[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2017(7):142-146.
[20] 高凤菊,曹鹏鹏,王乐政,等.盐度对不同类型甜高粱品种萌发的影响[J].山东农业科学,2011(11):44-47.
[21] 戚志伟.崇明东滩滨海围垦湿地芦苇光合和生长对土壤水盐因子的响应[D].上海:华东师范大学,2017.
[22] 刘逸泠,覃盈盈,郑海雷.红树植物耐水淹和高盐适应性研究进展[J].厦门大学学报:自然科学版,2017,56(3):314-322.
[23] 林静雯,李莹,罗洁文,等.草甘膦对杉木种子萌发及幼苗生长的毒性效应[J].江西农业大学学报,2015,37(5):843-848,858.
[24] 张冬,张宇,王萌,等.草甘膦对植物生理影响的研究进展[J].热带农业科学,2016,36(9):55-61.
[25] 苏少泉.草甘膦述评[J].农药,2005,44(4):145-149.
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