宁夏农牧交错带土地利用变化对土壤质量的影响
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摘要
在宁夏盐池县分别选取农田、弃耕地、天然草地、人工柠条林地和杨树林地5种土地利用类型作为研究样地,测定土壤理化性质指标,采用土壤质量综合技术指标,阐明中国北方典型农牧交错带土地利用变化对土壤质量的影响规律。结果表明:(1)土壤粗砂粒表现为弃耕地和天然草地显著高于农田、人工柠条林地和杨树林地(P<0.05),土壤细砂粒表现为杨树林地显著高于农田、弃耕地、天然草地和人工柠条林地(P<0.05),土壤极细砂粒和土壤黏粉粒均表现为农田和人工柠条林地显著高于弃耕地、天然草地和杨树林地(P<0.05)。土壤含水量、土壤pH值和土壤电导率表现为农田显著高于弃耕地、天然草地、人工柠条林地和杨树林地(P<0.05)。土壤有机碳含量表现为弃耕地和柠条林地显著高于农田、天然草地和杨树林地(P<0.05)。土壤全氮含量表现为农田显著高于弃耕地、天然草地、柠条林地和杨树林地(P<0.05)。(2)不同土地利用类型的土壤质量指标之间存在显著相关性(P<0.05)。其中,杨树林地各评价指标之间的相关系数最高,天然草地次之,农田、柠条林地较低,而弃耕地最低。(3)土壤质量综合得分大小顺序为:农田>弃耕地>0>草地>柠条林地>杨树林地。研究表明,对水浇农田实行保护性耕作和精细管理,并且农田弃耕后自然恢复成草地,有利于宁夏农牧交错带沙地土壤质量改善,但天然草地和人工林建设样地土壤质量较差。
In Yanchi County of Ningxia, five land use types including farmland, abandoned farmland, natural grassland, and afforested Caragana shrubland and poplar agroforestry land were selected as study sites. Soil physical and chemical properties were determined, and comprehensive technical indexes regarding soil quality were calculated in order to probe into the effects of land use changes on soil quality in agro-pastoral transitional zone in Ningxia, northern China. All the results are as follows.(1) Soil coarse sand was found to be significantly(P<0.05) greater in abandoned farmland and natural grassland compared with farmland, afforested Caragana shrubland and poplar agroforestry land; soil fine sand was found to be significantly(P<0.05) greater in afforested poplar agroforestry land compared with farmland, abandoned farmland, natural grassland and afforested Caragana shrubland; both of soil very fine sand and soil clay and silt were found to be significantly(P<0.05) greater in farmland and afforested Caragana shrubland compared with abandoned farmland,natural grassland and afforested poplar agroforestry land. Soil moisture content, soil pH and soil electrical conductivity were found to be significantly(P<0.05) greater in farmland compared with abandoned farmland, natural grassland,afforested Caragana shrubland and poplar agroforestry land. Soil organic carbon was found to be significantly(P<0.05)greater in abandoned farmland and afforested Caragana shrubland compared with farmland, natural grassland and afforested poplar agroforestry land. Soil total nitrogen was found to be significantly(P<0.05) greater in farmland compared with abandoned farmland, natural grassland, afforested Caragana shrubland and afforested poplar agroforestry land.(2)There was a significant(P<0.05) correlation between the above-mentioned soil quality indexes under land use types. The correlation coefficient between the evaluation indexes was found to follow the order of afforested poplar agroforestry land> natural grassland > farmland and afforested Caragana shrubland > abandoned farmland.(3) The soil quality comprehensive index followed the order of farmland > abandoned farmland > 0 > natural grassland > afforested Caragana shrubland > afforested poplar agroforestry land. It was concluded that the protective cultivation and intensive management on farmland, and the abandonment of cultivated farmland could facilitate the maintenance of soil quality, whereas the sandy natural grassland and afforested plantation could result in low soil quality in agro-pastoral transitional zone in Ningxia,Northern China.
In Yanchi County of Ningxia, five land use types including farmland, abandoned farmland, natural grassland, and afforested Caragana shrubland and poplar agroforestry land were selected as study sites. Soil physical and chemical properties were determined, and comprehensive technical indexes regarding soil quality were calculated in order to probe into the effects of land use changes on soil quality in agro-pastoral transitional zone in Ningxia, northern China. All the results are as follows.(1) Soil coarse sand was found to be significantly(P<0.05) greater in abandoned farmland and natural grassland compared with farmland, afforested Caragana shrubland and poplar agroforestry land; soil fine sand was found to be significantly(P<0.05) greater in afforested poplar agroforestry land compared with farmland, abandoned farmland, natural grassland and afforested Caragana shrubland; both of soil very fine sand and soil clay and silt were found to be significantly(P<0.05) greater in farmland and afforested Caragana shrubland compared with abandoned farmland,natural grassland and afforested poplar agroforestry land. Soil moisture content, soil pH and soil electrical conductivity were found to be significantly(P<0.05) greater in farmland compared with abandoned farmland, natural grassland,afforested Caragana shrubland and poplar agroforestry land. Soil organic carbon was found to be significantly(P<0.05)greater in abandoned farmland and afforested Caragana shrubland compared with farmland, natural grassland and afforested poplar agroforestry land. Soil total nitrogen was found to be significantly(P<0.05) greater in farmland compared with abandoned farmland, natural grassland, afforested Caragana shrubland and afforested poplar agroforestry land.(2)There was a significant(P<0.05) correlation between the above-mentioned soil quality indexes under land use types. The correlation coefficient between the evaluation indexes was found to follow the order of afforested poplar agroforestry land> natural grassland > farmland and afforested Caragana shrubland > abandoned farmland.(3) The soil quality comprehensive index followed the order of farmland > abandoned farmland > 0 > natural grassland > afforested Caragana shrubland > afforested poplar agroforestry land. It was concluded that the protective cultivation and intensive management on farmland, and the abandonment of cultivated farmland could facilitate the maintenance of soil quality, whereas the sandy natural grassland and afforested plantation could result in low soil quality in agro-pastoral transitional zone in Ningxia,Northern China.
引文
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[2]刘占锋,傅伯杰,刘国华,等.土壤质量与土壤质量指标及其评价[J].生态学报,2006,26(3):901-913.
[3]陈美军,段增强,林先贵.中国土壤质量标准研究现状及展望[J].土壤学报,2011,48(5):1059-1071.
[4]董莉丽,郑粉莉.黄土丘陵沟壑区土地利用和植被类型对土壤质量的影响[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),2010,46(2):39-44.
[5]刘长宁,刘自增,黄涛,等.基于生态绿当量的北方农牧交错带土地利用状况分析--以宁夏银川市滨河新区核心区为例[J].安徽农业科学,2014,42(36):13080-13082.
[6]魏建群,张克斌,杨俊杰,等.封育对北方农牧交错带荒漠化地区植被恢复作用的研究--以宁夏盐池县为例[J].水土保持研究,2007,14(1):208-210.
[7]李瑞.北方农牧交错带草地植被动态研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2008.
[8]LIU Rentao,ZHU Fan,AN Hui,et al.Effect of naturally vs manually managed restoration on ground-dwelling arthropod communities in a desertified region[J].Ecological Engineering,2014,73:545-552.
[9]邹亚荣.中国农牧交错带典型区土地利用变化驱动力分析及其对土壤侵蚀的影响[D].北京:中国科学院研究生院(遥感应用研究所),2003.
[10]刘孝勇,宋乃平,何秀珍,等.北方农牧交错带草地建植模式及效益比较研究--以宁夏盐池县马儿庄为例[J].草业科学,2011,28(5):813-818.
[11]边振,张克斌,李瑞,等.封育措施对宁夏盐池半干旱沙地草场植被恢复的影响研究[J].水土保持研究,2008,15(5):68-70.
[12]毛思慧,谢应忠,许冬梅.宁夏盐池沙化草地土壤质量分析与评价[J].农业科学研究,2013,34(1):1-7.
[13]刘任涛,柴永青,徐坤,等.荒漠草原区柠条人工固沙林生长过程中地表植被--土壤的变化[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(11):2955-2960.
[14]许婷婷,董智,李红丽,等.不同设障年限沙丘土壤粒径和有机碳分布特征[J].环境科学研究,2014,27(6):628-634.
[15]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[16]黄婷,岳西杰,葛玺祖,等.基于主成分分析的黄土沟壑区土壤肥力质量评价--以长武县耕地土壤为例[J].干旱地区农业研究,2010,28(3):141-147.
[17]贾文峰.乌兰布和沙漠东缘人工绿洲土壤质量演变研究[D].内蒙古:内蒙古农业大学,2009.
[18]任婷婷,王瑄,陈雯静,等.不同土地利用类型土壤颗粒分形特征与粘粒含量的关系[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2013,44(2):202-207.
[19]TYLER S W,WHEATCRAFU S W.Fractal scaling of soil particle size distributions:analysis and limitations[J].Soil Science of American Journal,1992,56:362-369.
[20]陈新闯,郭建英,董智,等.乌兰布和沙漠沿黄段不同土地利用类型对土壤分形特征的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,2015,29(11):169-173.
[21]甘磊,马蕊,彭扬建,等.不同放牧强度下羊草和大针茅草原土壤含水量的空间变化[J].生态环境学报,2015,24(8):1274-1279.
[22]刘任涛,朱凡,赵哈林.北方农牧交错区土地利用覆盖变化对大型土壤动物群落结构的影响[J].草地学报,2013,21(4):643-649.
[23]巩杰,王玉川,谢余初,等.基于Meta-analysis的中国干旱半干旱区土地利用变化的土壤碳氮效应研究[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(14):8408-8411.
[24]POST W M,KWON K C.Soil carbon sequestration and land-use change:processes and potential[J].Global Change Biology,2010,6(3):317-327.
[25]谢瑾,李朝丽,李永梅,等.纳板河流域不同土地利用类型土壤质量评价[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(12):3169-3176.
[26]CHEN Xiongwen,LI Bailian.Changes in soil carbon and nutrient storage after human disturbance of a primary Korean pine forest in North-east China[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2003,186:197-206.
[27]赵娜,孟平,张劲松,等.华北低丘山地不同退耕年限刺槐人工林土壤质量评价[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(2):351-358.
[28]SU Yongzhong,ZHANG Tonghui,LI Yulin,et al.Changes in soil properties after establishment of Artemisia halodendron and Caragana microphylla on shifting sand dunes in semiarid Horqin sandy land,northern China[J].Environmental Management,2005,36:272-281.
[29]李学斌,张义凡,陈林,等.荒漠草原典型群落土壤粒径和养分的分布特征及其关系研究[J].西北植物学报,2017,37(8):1635-1644.
[30]苏永中,赵哈林.科尔沁沙地不同土地利用和管理方式对土壤质量性状的影响[J].应用生态学报,2003,14(10):1681-1686.
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