中东亚内陆河流域土地利用变化及环境效应对比研究——以疏勒河和扎因代河流域为例
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摘要
选取中国河西走廊地区的疏勒河流域和伊朗中部的扎因代河流域,应用遥感和地理信息系统技术,对比研究两流域近25 a土地利用变化及生态环境效应.结果表明,过去25 a两流域耕地面积均呈持续增长态势,且疏勒河流域耕地增幅比(0.29%)是扎因代河流域(0.18%)的1.6倍.疏勒河流域增加的耕地面积主要来源于草地,扎因代河流域主要来源于林地.疏勒河流域草地面积呈先减少后增加的态势,主要由未利用地向草地转变所致;扎因代河流域呈先增加后减少的态势,主要来源于林地的退化,且波动幅度大于疏勒河流域.疏勒河流域林地面积呈增加态势,主要因未利用地和草地的人工植树造林所致.扎因代河流域林地呈持续减少态势.疏勒河流域的生态环境质量指数整体呈增加趋势,以生态环境质量不断改善为主导;扎因代河流域生态环境质量指数呈显著减少趋势,以生态环境质量持续恶化为主导.疏勒河流域未利用地转化成林草地是生态环境改善的主要原因,扎因代河林地退化是生态环境恶化的主要原因,疏勒河流域的生态环境保护政策可以对扎因代河流域以及"一带一路"沿线的干旱区提供有益的借鉴.
Based on the remote sensing and geographic information system techniques, land use change and its eco-environmental effects over the past 25 years in the Shule River Basin(SRB) of China and Zay-andehrud River Basin(ZRB) of Iran were compared, and the results showed that the cropland presented a growing tendency over the past 25 years in both SRB and ZRB, and the increment of cropland in SRB(0.29%) was twice of that of ZRB(0.18%), with the former mainly deriving from grassland and the latter from forest. The area of grassland in SRB decreased at first and then increased, which was mainly caused by the conversion of unutilized land to grassland; the area of grassland in ZRB, which changed more greatly than SRB, increased first and then decreased, which was mainly caused by the degradation of forest. The area of forest in SRB showed a growing tendency, mainly due to afforestation in unutilized land and grassland, while in ZRB, the area of forest continuously decreased. On the whole, the eco-environment quality index showed an increasing trend in SRB, revealing that the ecological environment quality was improving. In ZRB, the eco-environmental quality index showed a decreasing trend, meaning the eco-environment was degrading. Unutilized land converted into forest and grass was the main reason for the improvement of the eco-environment in SRB and degradation of forest was the main reason for the deterioration of ecological environment in ZRB. The ecological and environmental policy of SRB could provide scientific guidance on ecological environment protection for the arid areas along the "Belt and Road" regions.
Based on the remote sensing and geographic information system techniques, land use change and its eco-environmental effects over the past 25 years in the Shule River Basin(SRB) of China and Zay-andehrud River Basin(ZRB) of Iran were compared, and the results showed that the cropland presented a growing tendency over the past 25 years in both SRB and ZRB, and the increment of cropland in SRB(0.29%) was twice of that of ZRB(0.18%), with the former mainly deriving from grassland and the latter from forest. The area of grassland in SRB decreased at first and then increased, which was mainly caused by the conversion of unutilized land to grassland; the area of grassland in ZRB, which changed more greatly than SRB, increased first and then decreased, which was mainly caused by the degradation of forest. The area of forest in SRB showed a growing tendency, mainly due to afforestation in unutilized land and grassland, while in ZRB, the area of forest continuously decreased. On the whole, the eco-environment quality index showed an increasing trend in SRB, revealing that the ecological environment quality was improving. In ZRB, the eco-environmental quality index showed a decreasing trend, meaning the eco-environment was degrading. Unutilized land converted into forest and grass was the main reason for the improvement of the eco-environment in SRB and degradation of forest was the main reason for the deterioration of ecological environment in ZRB. The ecological and environmental policy of SRB could provide scientific guidance on ecological environment protection for the arid areas along the "Belt and Road" regions.
引文
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[21]井云清,张飞,陈丽华,等.艾比湖湿地土地利用/覆被-景观格局和气候变化的生态环境效应研究[J].环境科学学报, 2017, 37(9):3590-3601.
[22]周夏伟.国家沙化土地封禁保护政策可持续性研究[D].兰州:兰州大学, 2018.
[23] Harandi M F, Yarahmadian S, Sepehrifar M, et al. The dichotomous Markov process with nonparametric test application; a decision support method in long-term river behavioural analysis:the Zayandeh Rud River; a case study from central Iran[J]. Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment, 2014, 28(7):1889-1896.
[24]李晓文,方创琳,黄金川,等.西北干旱区城市土地利用变化及其区域生态环境效应:以甘肃河西地区为例[J].第四纪研究, 2003, 23(3):280-290.
[2]李秀彬.土地利用变化的解释[J].地理科学进展, 2002,21(3):195-203.
[3]刘继来,刘彦随,李裕瑞.中国“三生空间”分类评价与时空格局分析[J].地理学报, 2017, 72(7):1290-1304.
[4]范树平,程从坤,刘友兆,等.中国土地利用/土地覆盖研究综述与展望[J].地域研究与开发, 2017, 36(2):94-101.
[5]杨亮洁,杨永春.石羊河流域土地利用变化对区域碳排放和碳吸收的影响[J].兰州大学学报:自然科学版,2017, 53(6):749-763.
[6]王航,秦奋,朱筠,等.土地利用及景观格局演变对生态系统服务价值的影响[J].生态学报, 2017, 37(4):1286-1296.
[7]何凡能,李美娇,肖冉.中美过去300年土地利用变化比较[J].地理学报, 2015, 70(2):297-307.
[8]摆万奇,赵士洞.土地利用和土地覆盖变化研究模型综述[J].自然资源学报, 1997, 12(2):74-80.
[9]蒙吉军,汪疆玮,周朕,等.黑河中游灌区水资源配置要素对生态用地变化的影响[J].兰州大学学报:自然科学版, 2017, 53(2):143-151.
[10]李少英,刘小平,黎夏,等.土地利用变化模拟模型及应用研究进展[J].遥感学报, 2017, 21(3):329-340.
[11]常跟应,张文侠.基于生态文明的疏勒河流域大规模移民反思[J].兰州大学学报:自然科学版, 2014, 50(3):405-409.
[12]潘竟虎,黄克军,李真. 2001-2010年疏勒河流域植被净初级生产力时空变化及其与气候因子的关系[J].生态学报, 2017, 37(6):1888-1899.
[13]郑晓,王乃昂,李卓仑,等. 1990-2005年疏勒河流域土地利用/覆盖变化分析[J].中国沙漠, 2010, 30(4):857-861.
[14]齐敬辉,牛叔文,马利邦,等. 2000-2014年疏勒河流域植被覆盖时空变化[J].生态与农村环境学报, 2016,32(5):757-766.
[15]章予舒,王立新,张红旗,等.甘肃疏勒河流域环境因子变异对荒漠化态势的影响[J].资源科学, 2003, 25(6):60-65.
[16] Bateni F, Fakheran S, Soffianian A. Assessment of land cover changes&water quality changes in the Zayandehroud River Basin between 1997-2008[J]. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2013, 185(12):10511-10519.
[17] Mirzaei M, Solgi E, Salmanmahiny A. Assessment of impacts of land use changes on surface water using LTHIA model(case study:Zayandehrud River Basin)[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2016,188(12):691-709.
[18] J?rg F, Engelbert S, Elnaz S, et al. Agriculture in the Zayandeh Rud Catchment[R]. Isfahan:Institute for SocialEcological Research, 2014.
[19]谢高地,张彩霞,张雷明,等.基于单位面积价值当量因子的生态系统服务价值化方法改进[J].自然资源学报, 2015, 30(8):1243-1254.
[20]巩杰,钱彩云,钱大文. 1977-2013年疏勒河中下游土地利用变化与环境响应[J].干旱区研究, 2017, 34(4):775-781.
[21]井云清,张飞,陈丽华,等.艾比湖湿地土地利用/覆被-景观格局和气候变化的生态环境效应研究[J].环境科学学报, 2017, 37(9):3590-3601.
[22]周夏伟.国家沙化土地封禁保护政策可持续性研究[D].兰州:兰州大学, 2018.
[23] Harandi M F, Yarahmadian S, Sepehrifar M, et al. The dichotomous Markov process with nonparametric test application; a decision support method in long-term river behavioural analysis:the Zayandeh Rud River; a case study from central Iran[J]. Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment, 2014, 28(7):1889-1896.
[24]李晓文,方创琳,黄金川,等.西北干旱区城市土地利用变化及其区域生态环境效应:以甘肃河西地区为例[J].第四纪研究, 2003, 23(3):280-290.
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