秦岭山区不同闭矿年限尾矿库植被恢复调查
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摘要
[目的]对秦岭山区不同闭矿年限尾矿库植被恢复情况进行调查研究,可为矿区植被恢复与重建提供理论依据。[方法]以秦岭山区4个不同闭矿年限(2,3,6和14 a)的金尾矿库为研究对象,在尾矿库的库顶和边坡设置样方,对样方内植被种类、高度、密度、盖度、优势度进行调查。[结果]闭矿6 a的尾矿库植被种类最多,其次是闭矿14,3和2 a的植被种类;闭矿14 a的尾矿库植被相对高度最高,其次是闭矿6,3和2 a的植被相对较高;闭矿6 a的尾矿库植被相对密度最高,其次是闭矿14,3和2 a的植被相对密度;闭矿14 a的尾矿库植被盖度最高,其次是闭矿6,3和2 a的植被盖度;尾矿库植被主要为菊科植物和禾本科植物,闭矿6 a的尾矿库植被优势度最高,其次是闭矿14,3和2 a的植被优势度。[结论]金尾矿库区自然恢复植被生长情况与闭矿年限有密切关系;人工覆土可以显著增加尾矿库区自然恢复植被种类的多样性。
[Objective] The vegetation in the tailing ponds of Qinling mining areas was investigated in order to provide theoretical basis for vegetation restoration and reconstruction in mining areas. [Methods] Four sites of goal tailing ponds after closures of 2, 3, 6 and 14 years in Shangzhou District, Shaanxi Province were taken as the research objects. The top and slope of the tailing tailing ponds sites were investigated, mainly referring to 5 indexes of floral name, height, density, coverage, dominance. [Results] ① The relative height of tailing ponds after 6 years closure was the highest, followed by the ones after 14, 3 and 2 years closures. ② The relative density was the highest after 14 years closure, followed by that after 6, 3 and 2 years closures. ③ The highest vegetation coverage was observed in 6 years closed mine, followed by the ones of 14, 3 and 2 years closed mines. ④ The 14 years closed mine tailing pond had the highest vegetation coverage, followed by the 6 years, 3 years and 2 years closed mine tailing ponds. ⑤ Plants of the Compositae and Gramineae were the majority in the tailing ponds. The 6 years closed mine had the highest dominance, followed by ones of 14, 3 and 2 years closed mines. [Conclusion] The restoration of natural vegetation in the gold tailings reservoir area is closely related to the closure years. Artificial soil covering can significantly increase the diversity of natural restoration vegetation types.
[Objective] The vegetation in the tailing ponds of Qinling mining areas was investigated in order to provide theoretical basis for vegetation restoration and reconstruction in mining areas. [Methods] Four sites of goal tailing ponds after closures of 2, 3, 6 and 14 years in Shangzhou District, Shaanxi Province were taken as the research objects. The top and slope of the tailing tailing ponds sites were investigated, mainly referring to 5 indexes of floral name, height, density, coverage, dominance. [Results] ① The relative height of tailing ponds after 6 years closure was the highest, followed by the ones after 14, 3 and 2 years closures. ② The relative density was the highest after 14 years closure, followed by that after 6, 3 and 2 years closures. ③ The highest vegetation coverage was observed in 6 years closed mine, followed by the ones of 14, 3 and 2 years closed mines. ④ The 14 years closed mine tailing pond had the highest vegetation coverage, followed by the 6 years, 3 years and 2 years closed mine tailing ponds. ⑤ Plants of the Compositae and Gramineae were the majority in the tailing ponds. The 6 years closed mine had the highest dominance, followed by ones of 14, 3 and 2 years closed mines. [Conclusion] The restoration of natural vegetation in the gold tailings reservoir area is closely related to the closure years. Artificial soil covering can significantly increase the diversity of natural restoration vegetation types.
引文
[1] 李莲华,高海英.矿山开采的环境问题及生态恢复研究[J].现代矿业,2009(2):28-30.
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[4] 王友保,刘登义,张莉,等.铜陵市狮子山铜尾矿废弃地生态恢复过程中植被演替规律[J].植物学报,2004,46(7):780-787.
[5] 谢元贵,龙秀琴,刘济明,等.采煤塌陷对百里杜鹃林区植物群落特征的影响[J].南京林业大学学报,2012,36(6):37-41.
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[9] 魏怀建,李玉成,王宁,等.不同植被恢复模式下煤矸石充填复垦土壤物理性质与有机无机复合体的关系[J].水土保持通报,2015,35(6):207-212.
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[11] 宋凤敏,张兴昌,刘瑾,等.铁尾矿库区白茅对重金属的吸收与富集特征[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2019,47(4):83-100.
[12] 陆金,赵兴青,黄健,等.铜陵狮子山矿区尾矿库及周边17种乡土植物重金属含量及富集特征[J].环境化学,2019,38(1):78-86.
[13] 袁剑刚,周先叶,陈彦,等.采石场悬崖生态系统自然演替初期土壤和植被特征[ J].生态学报,2004,25(6):1517-1522.
[14] Shaltout K H,Galal T M,El-Komi T M.Phenology,biomass and nutrients of Imperata cylindrica and Desmostach yabipinnata along the water courses in Nile Delta,Egypt[J].Rendiconti Lincei,2016,27(2):215-228.
[15] 肖舒,邓湘雯,黄志宏,等.栾树对湘潭锰尾矿土不同处理方式下植被修复盆栽实验[J].环境科学学报,2017,37(7):2721-2727.
[16] 朱文武,赵琨.矿山采空区植被恢复研究进展[J].水土保持应用技术,2013(1):27-29.
[17] 路思祺.关于商洛市创建国家尾矿资源综合利用示范基地工作的调查[J],中国经贸导刊,2012(25):64-65.
[18] 道日娜.陕西神木县大柳塔地区不同年代的地下开矿区地表植被的恢复现状研究[D].内蒙古呼和浩特:内蒙古师范大学,2014.
[2] 倪应才.大红山矿区植被恢复措施[J].林业调查规划[J].2012,37(5):95-99.
[3] 刘飞,陆林.采煤塌陷区的生态恢复研究进展[J].自然资源学报,2009,24(4):612-620.
[4] 王友保,刘登义,张莉,等.铜陵市狮子山铜尾矿废弃地生态恢复过程中植被演替规律[J].植物学报,2004,46(7):780-787.
[5] 谢元贵,龙秀琴,刘济明,等.采煤塌陷对百里杜鹃林区植物群落特征的影响[J].南京林业大学学报,2012,36(6):37-41.
[6] 董鹏,刘均洪,张广柱.尾矿污染区的植物修复研究进展[J].矿产综合利用,2009,6(3):43-46.
[7] 杨修,高林.德兴铜矿矿山废弃地植被恢复与重建研究[J].生态学报,2001,21(11):1932-1940.
[8] 刘英琴.矿山废弃地植被恢复技术研究[J].湖南有色金属,2010,26(4):50-53.
[9] 魏怀建,李玉成,王宁,等.不同植被恢复模式下煤矸石充填复垦土壤物理性质与有机无机复合体的关系[J].水土保持通报,2015,35(6):207-212.
[10] Frost SM,Stahl P D,Williams S E.Long-term reestablishment of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a drastically disturbed semiarid surface mine soil[J].Arid Land Research and Management,2001,15(1) 3-12.
[11] 宋凤敏,张兴昌,刘瑾,等.铁尾矿库区白茅对重金属的吸收与富集特征[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2019,47(4):83-100.
[12] 陆金,赵兴青,黄健,等.铜陵狮子山矿区尾矿库及周边17种乡土植物重金属含量及富集特征[J].环境化学,2019,38(1):78-86.
[13] 袁剑刚,周先叶,陈彦,等.采石场悬崖生态系统自然演替初期土壤和植被特征[ J].生态学报,2004,25(6):1517-1522.
[14] Shaltout K H,Galal T M,El-Komi T M.Phenology,biomass and nutrients of Imperata cylindrica and Desmostach yabipinnata along the water courses in Nile Delta,Egypt[J].Rendiconti Lincei,2016,27(2):215-228.
[15] 肖舒,邓湘雯,黄志宏,等.栾树对湘潭锰尾矿土不同处理方式下植被修复盆栽实验[J].环境科学学报,2017,37(7):2721-2727.
[16] 朱文武,赵琨.矿山采空区植被恢复研究进展[J].水土保持应用技术,2013(1):27-29.
[17] 路思祺.关于商洛市创建国家尾矿资源综合利用示范基地工作的调查[J],中国经贸导刊,2012(25):64-65.
[18] 道日娜.陕西神木县大柳塔地区不同年代的地下开矿区地表植被的恢复现状研究[D].内蒙古呼和浩特:内蒙古师范大学,2014.
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