基于多智能体粒子群算法的松嫩平原土地利用格局优化
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摘要
土地利用格局优化是实现土地资源合理配置的重要方式。本文以松嫩平原典型区域巴彦县为研究区,运用GIS和RS技术,采用Matlab编程,结合多智能体(MA)和粒子群算法(PSO),建立土地利用格局优化模型,以粮食生产、生态安全和社会经济发展为优化目标,设计政府、职能部门和个体三类智能体(Agent),并结合研究区土地利用格局优化目标的决策偏好确定其优化方案。结果表明:①基于多智能体改进粒子群优化算法建立土地利用格局优化模型,实现了研究区土地利用类型数量结构在时空上的合理匹配及其空间构型和空间组合方式合理配置,建立的土地利用格局优化模型可行;②3个优化方案中,方案1更加偏向于生态安全优化目标的实现,方案2更加偏向于社会经济发展目标的实现,方案3更加偏向于粮食生产目标的实现;在研究区土地利用格局子目标决策偏好的实现上,3组土地利用格局优化方案对实现粮食生产、生态安全、社会经济发展等优化目标的决策偏好具有显著差异;③研究区土地利用格局不同优化方案呈现不同土地利用结构,在空间布局上有显著的分异特征。本文完善和丰富了土地利用格局优化的理论基础和研究方法,可为土地利用规划提供有力的技术支撑。
Land-use pattern is an important indicator for the evaluation of land use and useful for analyzing and explaining the spatial phenomena, processes, and mechanisms of regional land use.The main aims of this study were to establish the optimization model of land-use pattern in a typical area of the Song-Nen Plain region Bayan County based on GIS and remote sensing technologies, Matlab programming, and multi-agent particle swarm optimization(MA-PSO); to optimize grain production, ecological security, and socioeconomic development with three agents of government, authorities, and individuals; and to assess the optimization schemes of land-use pattern based on the decision of land-use pattern optimization subgoals. The results indicated that the optimization model of land-use pattern based on GIS and remote sensing technologies, Matlab programming, and MA-PSO model could achieve a reasonable matching of the quantitative structure of land-use types in time and space and the rational allocation of spatial configuration and combination. The optimization objective functions of scheme I, II, and III were ecological security, socioeconomic development, and improved grain production, respectively, and the three optimization schemes had significant differences in the realization of the optimization subgoals. The different optimization schemes of land-use pattern had different land-use structures and spatial distribution characteristics. The study has enriched the theoretical basis and research methods of land-use pattern optimization, which can provide powerful technical support for land-use planning.
Land-use pattern is an important indicator for the evaluation of land use and useful for analyzing and explaining the spatial phenomena, processes, and mechanisms of regional land use.The main aims of this study were to establish the optimization model of land-use pattern in a typical area of the Song-Nen Plain region Bayan County based on GIS and remote sensing technologies, Matlab programming, and multi-agent particle swarm optimization(MA-PSO); to optimize grain production, ecological security, and socioeconomic development with three agents of government, authorities, and individuals; and to assess the optimization schemes of land-use pattern based on the decision of land-use pattern optimization subgoals. The results indicated that the optimization model of land-use pattern based on GIS and remote sensing technologies, Matlab programming, and MA-PSO model could achieve a reasonable matching of the quantitative structure of land-use types in time and space and the rational allocation of spatial configuration and combination. The optimization objective functions of scheme I, II, and III were ecological security, socioeconomic development, and improved grain production, respectively, and the three optimization schemes had significant differences in the realization of the optimization subgoals. The different optimization schemes of land-use pattern had different land-use structures and spatial distribution characteristics. The study has enriched the theoretical basis and research methods of land-use pattern optimization, which can provide powerful technical support for land-use planning.
引文
[1]任志远,李冬玉,杨勇.关中地区土地利用格局模拟与驱动力分析[J].测绘科学,2011,36(1):105-108.[Ren Z Y,Li D Y,Yang Y.Simulation and driving force analysis of land use pattern in Guanzhong region,Shaanxi Province[J].Science of Surveying and Mapping,2011,36(1):105-108.]
[2]肖思思,吴春笃,储金宇.1980-2005年太湖地区土地利用变化及驱动因素分析[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(23):1-11.[Xiao S S,Wu C D,Chu J Y.Land use changes and driving forces in Tai Lake region from 1980 to 2005[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2012,28(23):1-11.]
[3]倪九派,邵景安,李阳兵,等.近10年重庆土地利用平衡及未来情景分析[J].资源科学,2011,33(8):1591-1599.[Ni J P,Shao JA,Li Y B,et al.Land-use balances over the recent 10-year and their future scenarios in Chongqing[J].Resources Science,2011,33(8):1591-1599.]
[4]杨国清,刘耀林,吴志峰.基于CA-Markov模型的土地利用格局变化研究[J].武汉大学学报,2007,32(5):414-418.[Yang GQ,Liu Y L,Wu Z F.Analysis and simulation of land-use temporal and spatial pattern based on CA-Markov model[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2007,32(5):414-418.]
[5]蒙吉军,燕群,向芸芸.鄂尔多斯土地利用生态安全格局优化及方案评价[J].中国沙漠,2014,34(2):590-596.[Meng J J,Yan Q,Xiang Y Y.The optimization of ecological security pattern based on land use and assessment of schemes in Ordos,Inner Mongolia,China[J].Journal of Desert Research,2014,34(2):590-596.]
[6]刘菁华,李伟峰,周伟奇,等.权衡城市扩张、耕地保护与生态效益的京津冀城市群土地利用优化配置情景分析[J].生态学报,2018,38(12):4341-4350.[Liu J H,Li W F,Zhou W Q,et al.Scenario simulation balancing multiple objectives for optimal land use allocation of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei megaregion[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2018,38(12):4341-4350.]
[7]王慧,丁忠义,侯湖平,等.高潜水位煤矿区土地利用景观格局分析与模拟预测研究:以沛北煤矿区为例[J].长江流域资源与环境,2018,27(3):574-582.[Wang H,Ding Z Y,Hou H P,et al.Research on the change and simulation of landscape pattern in mining area with higher level of underground water:A case study of Peibei mining area[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2018,27(3):574-582.]
[8]冯宇,毕如田,王瑾,等.流域矿业开采引发的土地利用空间冲突及优化配置[J].中国土地科学,2016,30(11):32-40.[Feng Y,Bi R T,Wang J,et al.Spatial conflict of land use caused by mining exploitation and optimal allocation scheme of land resources in river basin[J].China Land Sciences,2016,30(11):32-40.]
[9]摆万奇,张永民,阎建忠,等.大渡河上游地区土地利用动态模拟分析[J].地理研究,2005,24(2):206-212.[Bai W Q,Zhang YM,Yan J Z,et al.Simulation of land use dynamics in the upper reaches of the Dadu river[J].Geographical Research,2005,24(2):206-212.]
[10]盛晟,刘茂松,徐驰,等.CLUE-S模型在南京市土地利用变化研究中的应用[J].生态学杂志,2008,27(2):235-239.[Sheng S,Liu M S,Xu C,et al.Application of CLUE-S model in simulating land use changes in Nanjing metropolitan region[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2008,27(2):235-239.]
[11]欧定华,夏建国.基于粒子群算法的大城市近郊区景观格局优化研究:以成都市龙泉驿区为例[J].地理研究,2017,36(3):553-572.[Ou D H,Xia J G.Landscape pattern optimization in peri-urban areas based on the particle swarm optimization method:A case study in Longquanyi District of Chengdu[J].Geographical Research,2017,36(3):553-572.]
[12]杨微,徐艳.基于沙漠化和适宜性的农牧交错带土地利用优化研究:以内蒙古科尔沁左翼后旗为例[J].中国农业大学学报,2018,23(3):95-105.[Yang W,Xu Y.Optimization of land use structure in the farming-grazing transitional zone based in desertification status and land adaptability:A case study of Horqin Left Wing Rear Banner,Inner Mongolia[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2018,23(3):95-105.]
[13]黄金川,林浩曦,漆潇潇.面向国土空间优化的三生空间研究进展[J].地理科学进展,2017,36(3):378-391.[Huang J C,Lin HX,Qi X X.A literature review on optimization of spatial development pattern based on ecological-production-living space[J].Progress in Geography,2017,36(3):378-391.]
[14]方玮轩,杨惠,方斌.基于通勤行为的小城镇土地利用与格局优化对策研究:以扬中市为例[J].中国土地科学,2017,31(2):40-47.[Fang W X,Yang H,Fang B.Research on the land use structure optimization strategy in small towns based on the commute behavior:Take Yangzhong as an example[J].China Land Sciences,2017,31(2):40-47.]
[15]宋戈,王越.松嫩高平原土地利用格局变化时空分异[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(18):225-233.[Song G,Wang Y.Spatial and temporal distribution of land use pattern change in Songnen high plain[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2016,32(18):225-233.]
[16]宋戈,王越,雷国平.松嫩高平原黑土区耕地利用系统安全影响因子作用机理研究:以黑龙江省巴彦县为例[J].自然资源学报,2014,29(1):13-26.[Song G,Wang Y,Lei G P.Effect mechanism research of influential factors of cultivated land use system security of black soil region in Songnen high plain:A case study of Bayan county in Heilongjiang Province[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2014,29(1):13-26.]
[17]宋戈,王越.松嫩高平原土地利用格局空间尺度识别及其关联关系研究[J].中国土地科学,2017,31(1):88-96.[Song G,Wang Y.Study on spatial scale recognition and its relationships of land use pattern in Songnen high plain[J].China Land Sciences,2017,31(1):88-96.]
[18]王越,宋戈.松嫩高平原土地利用格局变化时间尺度特征研究[J].自然资源学报,2017,32(10):1797-1807.[Wang Y,Song G.Study on time scales characteristics of land use pattern change in Songnen high plain[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2017,32(10):1797-1807.]
[19]苗世龙,程婕,刘捷,等.天津市生态承载力分析[J].中国生态农业学报,2008,16(6):1546-1551.[Miao S L,Cheng J,Liu J,et al.Ecological capacity analysis of Tianjin City[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2008,16(6):1546-1551.]
[20]张鸿辉,曾永年,谭荣,等.多智能体区域土地利用优化配置模型及其应用[J].地理学报,2011,66(7):972-984.[Zhang H H,Zeng Y N,Tan R,et al.A model for regional land use optimization allocation based on Multi-agent system and its application[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2011,66(7):972-984.]
[21]Quigley J M.Housing demand in the short run:Analysis of polytomous choice[J].Exploration in Economic Research,1976,23(3):76-102.
[22]刘小平,黎夏,艾彬,等.基于多智能体的土地利用模拟与规划模型[J].地理学报,2006,61(10):1101-1112.[Liu X P,Li X,Ai B,et al.Multi-agent systems for simulating and planning land use development[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2006,61(10):1101-1112.]
[23]倪九派,李萍,魏朝富,等.基于AHP和熵权法赋权的区域土地开发整理潜力评价[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(5):202-209.[Ni J P,Li P,Wei C F,et al.Potentialities evaluation of regional land consolidation based on AHP and entropy weight method[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2009,25(5):202-209.]
[24]王越,宋戈,张红梅.黑龙江省县域土地利用格局优化研究[J].经济地理,2016,36(8):147-151.[Wang Y,Song G,Zhang H M.The research of land use pattern optimization on country level in Heilongjiang Province[J].Economic Geography,2016,36(8):147-151.]
[25]Kim D S,Chung H W.Spatial diffusion modeling of new residential area for land-use planning of rural villages[J].Journal of Urban Planning and Development,2005,131(3):181-194.
[2]肖思思,吴春笃,储金宇.1980-2005年太湖地区土地利用变化及驱动因素分析[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(23):1-11.[Xiao S S,Wu C D,Chu J Y.Land use changes and driving forces in Tai Lake region from 1980 to 2005[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2012,28(23):1-11.]
[3]倪九派,邵景安,李阳兵,等.近10年重庆土地利用平衡及未来情景分析[J].资源科学,2011,33(8):1591-1599.[Ni J P,Shao JA,Li Y B,et al.Land-use balances over the recent 10-year and their future scenarios in Chongqing[J].Resources Science,2011,33(8):1591-1599.]
[4]杨国清,刘耀林,吴志峰.基于CA-Markov模型的土地利用格局变化研究[J].武汉大学学报,2007,32(5):414-418.[Yang GQ,Liu Y L,Wu Z F.Analysis and simulation of land-use temporal and spatial pattern based on CA-Markov model[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2007,32(5):414-418.]
[5]蒙吉军,燕群,向芸芸.鄂尔多斯土地利用生态安全格局优化及方案评价[J].中国沙漠,2014,34(2):590-596.[Meng J J,Yan Q,Xiang Y Y.The optimization of ecological security pattern based on land use and assessment of schemes in Ordos,Inner Mongolia,China[J].Journal of Desert Research,2014,34(2):590-596.]
[6]刘菁华,李伟峰,周伟奇,等.权衡城市扩张、耕地保护与生态效益的京津冀城市群土地利用优化配置情景分析[J].生态学报,2018,38(12):4341-4350.[Liu J H,Li W F,Zhou W Q,et al.Scenario simulation balancing multiple objectives for optimal land use allocation of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei megaregion[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2018,38(12):4341-4350.]
[7]王慧,丁忠义,侯湖平,等.高潜水位煤矿区土地利用景观格局分析与模拟预测研究:以沛北煤矿区为例[J].长江流域资源与环境,2018,27(3):574-582.[Wang H,Ding Z Y,Hou H P,et al.Research on the change and simulation of landscape pattern in mining area with higher level of underground water:A case study of Peibei mining area[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2018,27(3):574-582.]
[8]冯宇,毕如田,王瑾,等.流域矿业开采引发的土地利用空间冲突及优化配置[J].中国土地科学,2016,30(11):32-40.[Feng Y,Bi R T,Wang J,et al.Spatial conflict of land use caused by mining exploitation and optimal allocation scheme of land resources in river basin[J].China Land Sciences,2016,30(11):32-40.]
[9]摆万奇,张永民,阎建忠,等.大渡河上游地区土地利用动态模拟分析[J].地理研究,2005,24(2):206-212.[Bai W Q,Zhang YM,Yan J Z,et al.Simulation of land use dynamics in the upper reaches of the Dadu river[J].Geographical Research,2005,24(2):206-212.]
[10]盛晟,刘茂松,徐驰,等.CLUE-S模型在南京市土地利用变化研究中的应用[J].生态学杂志,2008,27(2):235-239.[Sheng S,Liu M S,Xu C,et al.Application of CLUE-S model in simulating land use changes in Nanjing metropolitan region[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2008,27(2):235-239.]
[11]欧定华,夏建国.基于粒子群算法的大城市近郊区景观格局优化研究:以成都市龙泉驿区为例[J].地理研究,2017,36(3):553-572.[Ou D H,Xia J G.Landscape pattern optimization in peri-urban areas based on the particle swarm optimization method:A case study in Longquanyi District of Chengdu[J].Geographical Research,2017,36(3):553-572.]
[12]杨微,徐艳.基于沙漠化和适宜性的农牧交错带土地利用优化研究:以内蒙古科尔沁左翼后旗为例[J].中国农业大学学报,2018,23(3):95-105.[Yang W,Xu Y.Optimization of land use structure in the farming-grazing transitional zone based in desertification status and land adaptability:A case study of Horqin Left Wing Rear Banner,Inner Mongolia[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2018,23(3):95-105.]
[13]黄金川,林浩曦,漆潇潇.面向国土空间优化的三生空间研究进展[J].地理科学进展,2017,36(3):378-391.[Huang J C,Lin HX,Qi X X.A literature review on optimization of spatial development pattern based on ecological-production-living space[J].Progress in Geography,2017,36(3):378-391.]
[14]方玮轩,杨惠,方斌.基于通勤行为的小城镇土地利用与格局优化对策研究:以扬中市为例[J].中国土地科学,2017,31(2):40-47.[Fang W X,Yang H,Fang B.Research on the land use structure optimization strategy in small towns based on the commute behavior:Take Yangzhong as an example[J].China Land Sciences,2017,31(2):40-47.]
[15]宋戈,王越.松嫩高平原土地利用格局变化时空分异[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(18):225-233.[Song G,Wang Y.Spatial and temporal distribution of land use pattern change in Songnen high plain[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2016,32(18):225-233.]
[16]宋戈,王越,雷国平.松嫩高平原黑土区耕地利用系统安全影响因子作用机理研究:以黑龙江省巴彦县为例[J].自然资源学报,2014,29(1):13-26.[Song G,Wang Y,Lei G P.Effect mechanism research of influential factors of cultivated land use system security of black soil region in Songnen high plain:A case study of Bayan county in Heilongjiang Province[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2014,29(1):13-26.]
[17]宋戈,王越.松嫩高平原土地利用格局空间尺度识别及其关联关系研究[J].中国土地科学,2017,31(1):88-96.[Song G,Wang Y.Study on spatial scale recognition and its relationships of land use pattern in Songnen high plain[J].China Land Sciences,2017,31(1):88-96.]
[18]王越,宋戈.松嫩高平原土地利用格局变化时间尺度特征研究[J].自然资源学报,2017,32(10):1797-1807.[Wang Y,Song G.Study on time scales characteristics of land use pattern change in Songnen high plain[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2017,32(10):1797-1807.]
[19]苗世龙,程婕,刘捷,等.天津市生态承载力分析[J].中国生态农业学报,2008,16(6):1546-1551.[Miao S L,Cheng J,Liu J,et al.Ecological capacity analysis of Tianjin City[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2008,16(6):1546-1551.]
[20]张鸿辉,曾永年,谭荣,等.多智能体区域土地利用优化配置模型及其应用[J].地理学报,2011,66(7):972-984.[Zhang H H,Zeng Y N,Tan R,et al.A model for regional land use optimization allocation based on Multi-agent system and its application[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2011,66(7):972-984.]
[21]Quigley J M.Housing demand in the short run:Analysis of polytomous choice[J].Exploration in Economic Research,1976,23(3):76-102.
[22]刘小平,黎夏,艾彬,等.基于多智能体的土地利用模拟与规划模型[J].地理学报,2006,61(10):1101-1112.[Liu X P,Li X,Ai B,et al.Multi-agent systems for simulating and planning land use development[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2006,61(10):1101-1112.]
[23]倪九派,李萍,魏朝富,等.基于AHP和熵权法赋权的区域土地开发整理潜力评价[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(5):202-209.[Ni J P,Li P,Wei C F,et al.Potentialities evaluation of regional land consolidation based on AHP and entropy weight method[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2009,25(5):202-209.]
[24]王越,宋戈,张红梅.黑龙江省县域土地利用格局优化研究[J].经济地理,2016,36(8):147-151.[Wang Y,Song G,Zhang H M.The research of land use pattern optimization on country level in Heilongjiang Province[J].Economic Geography,2016,36(8):147-151.]
[25]Kim D S,Chung H W.Spatial diffusion modeling of new residential area for land-use planning of rural villages[J].Journal of Urban Planning and Development,2005,131(3):181-194.
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