测定时间对干湿循环条件下高寒湿地土壤呼吸的影响
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摘要
土壤呼吸是土壤重要的生态过程之一,对全球碳循环有着重要的影响。准确测定不同干湿循环条件下的土壤呼吸,是评价土壤碳排放的重要基础。本研究以若尔盖高寒湿地土壤为对象,设置不同的干湿循环强度和频率,通过持续测定多个连续干湿循环周期下的土壤呼吸,将多次测定值进行累加,计算出土壤呼吸量,并分别与单次测定值所估算的土壤呼吸量进行比较,筛选出具有代表性的土壤呼吸测定时间。结果表明,在高频率干湿循环中(8天·周期~(-1)),高、低强度下土壤呼吸的最佳测定时间均为干湿交替周期的第4天;在低频率干湿循环中(16天·周期~(-1)),高、低强度下的最佳测定时间存在差异,分别为第6天和第4天。若统一不同干湿循环强度和频率下的土壤呼吸测定时间,则可选择在循环周期的第4天进行首次测定,之后每隔8天测定一次,此时估算的土壤呼吸量较为准确。以上结果表明,若尔盖高寒湿地土壤呼吸的最佳测定时间随干湿循环的变化而发生改变,在干湿交替循环周期的中间时段测定土壤呼吸,可以提高实验效率,较为准确地估算土壤呼吸,对评价和预测气候变化下高寒湿地生态系统土壤碳排放具有重要意义。
Soil respiration is an important component of global carbon cycle. The rate of soil respiration varies with time. Accurate measurement of soil respiration rate is necessary to evaluate soil carbon emission. To evaluate soil respiration accurately,we conducted an incubation experiment with soil collected from a Zoigê alpine wetland. Soils were randomly separated into several parts after homogenization,and then were subjected to two or four drying-rewetting cycles. During each drying-rewetting cycle,CO_2 was collected for eight or four times. CO_2 emissions between each sampling time and the whole drying-rewetting cycle were compared. The results showed that the optimum sampling times were on the 4th day of the high-frequent drying-rewetting cycle( 8 days per cycle). Under the low-frequent cycle( 16 days per cycle),the optimum sampling time was different between the high and low intensities,which was on the 6 th day and the 4th day,respectively. An alternative approach was to collect the samples on the 4 th day of the first cycle,and then sampled every 8 days. These findings suggest that the optimum sampling time of soil respiration depends on soil drying-rewetting cycle. Sampling during the middle period of drying-rewetting cycle accurately represents soil respiration during each cycle. Optimizing the sampling time could contribute to accurate evaluation and prediction of soil CO_2 emission in alpine wetland ecosystem under climate change.
Soil respiration is an important component of global carbon cycle. The rate of soil respiration varies with time. Accurate measurement of soil respiration rate is necessary to evaluate soil carbon emission. To evaluate soil respiration accurately,we conducted an incubation experiment with soil collected from a Zoigê alpine wetland. Soils were randomly separated into several parts after homogenization,and then were subjected to two or four drying-rewetting cycles. During each drying-rewetting cycle,CO_2 was collected for eight or four times. CO_2 emissions between each sampling time and the whole drying-rewetting cycle were compared. The results showed that the optimum sampling times were on the 4th day of the high-frequent drying-rewetting cycle( 8 days per cycle). Under the low-frequent cycle( 16 days per cycle),the optimum sampling time was different between the high and low intensities,which was on the 6 th day and the 4th day,respectively. An alternative approach was to collect the samples on the 4 th day of the first cycle,and then sampled every 8 days. These findings suggest that the optimum sampling time of soil respiration depends on soil drying-rewetting cycle. Sampling during the middle period of drying-rewetting cycle accurately represents soil respiration during each cycle. Optimizing the sampling time could contribute to accurate evaluation and prediction of soil CO_2 emission in alpine wetland ecosystem under climate change.
引文
崔丽娟,周文昌,王义飞,等.2017.若尔盖高原季节性淹水沼泽两个生长季甲烷排放通量.应用与环境生物学报,23(6):1067-1073.
邓东周,范志平,王红,等.2009.土壤水分对土壤呼吸的影响.林业科学研究,22(5):722-727.
邓昭衡,张雪雯,高居娟,等.2015.水分及凋落物对若尔盖泥炭土CH4排放的影响.生态与农村环境学报,31(4):548-552.
丁新宇,王自奎,杨轩,等.2017.保护性耕作对旱作农田干湿交替过程中土壤呼吸速率的影响.中国农业科学,50(24):4759-4768.
富利,张勇勇,赵文智.2018.荒漠-绿洲区不同土地利用类型土壤呼吸对温湿度的响应.生态学杂志,37(9):2690-2697.
李新鸽,韩广轩,朱连奇,等.2019.降雨引起的干湿交替对土壤呼吸的影响:进展与展望.生态学杂志,38(2):567-575.
刘芳婷,范文波,张金玺,等.2018.温度、水分、盐分对土壤CO2和O2浓度影响的试验研究.干旱区资源与环境,32(10):154-159.
刘云凯.2010.干湿交替对东北温带天然林和落叶松人工林土壤呼吸的影响(硕士学位论文).哈尔滨:东北林业大学.
吕富成,王小丹.2017.凋落物对土壤呼吸的贡献研究进展.土壤,49(2):225-231.
孟伟庆,莫训强,胡蓓蓓,等.2015.模拟干湿交替对湿地土壤呼吸及有机碳含量的影响.土壤通报,46(4):910-915.
牛百成,赵成义,冯广龙,等.2016.干湿交替对新疆绿洲农田土壤CO2排放的影响.水土保持通报,36(3):74-80.
彭信浩,徐小芳,韩海荣,等.2017.降雨减少对华北落叶松人工林土壤呼吸的影响.生态环境学报,26(8):1310-1316.
强皓凡,靳晓言,赵璐,等.2018.基于相对湿润度指数的近56年若尔盖湿地干湿变化.水土保持研究,25(1):172-177.
乔云发,韩晓增,赵兰坡.2012.测定时间对黑土区CO2和N2O排放通量的影响.安徽农业科学,13(6):3487-3489.
秦璐,吕光辉,何学敏,等.2013.艾比湖地区土壤呼吸测定代表性时段.生态学杂志,32(11):3109-3116.
宋长春,王毅勇,王跃思,等.2005.季节性冻融期沼泽湿地CO2、CH4和N2O排放动态.环境科学,26(4):7-12.
万运帆,李玉娥,林而达,等.2006.静态箱法测定旱地农田温室气体时密闭时间的研究.中国农业气象,27(2):122-124.
王龙昌,玉井理,永田雅辉,等.1998.水分和盐分对土壤微生物活性的影响.垦殖与稻作,26(3):40-42.
王亚军,郁珊珊.2018.城市绿地生态系统雨季土壤呼吸对降雨变化的响应.生态环境学报,27(4):625-633.
王艳芬,马秀枝,纪宝明,等.2003.内蒙古草甸草原CH4和N2O排放通量的时间变异.植物生态学报,27(6):792-796.
王跃思,王迎红.2008.中国陆地和淡水湖泊与大气间碳交换观测.北京:科学出版社.
王云川,易桂花,张廷斌,等.2017.近35a若尔盖高原泥炭沼泽变化趋势与驱动力分析.干旱区研究,34(2):403-410.
徐静静,刘隋赟昊,朱新萍,等.2017.巴音布鲁克天鹅湖高寒湿地不同水分梯度土壤微生物及酶活性的差异.新疆农业大学学报,40(5):337-344.
张红星,王效科,冯宗炜,等.2008.黄土高原小麦田土壤呼吸对强降雨的响应.生态学报,28(12):6189-6196.
张雪雯.2014.干湿交替对若尔盖湿地枯落物和土壤有机质分解的影响(硕士学位论文).北京:北京林业大学.
赵云飞,汪霞,欧延升,等.2018.若尔盖草甸退化对土壤碳、氮和碳稳定同位素的影响.应用生态学报,29(5):1-7.
Christiansen J,Levy-Booth D,Barker J,et al.2017.Observing and modeling links between soil moisture,microbes and CH4fluxes from forest soils.Egu General Assembly Conference Abstracts.
Clarholm M,Rosswall T.1986.Effects of moisture on soil microorganisms and nematodes:A field experiment.Microbial Ecology,12:217-230.
Fierer N,Schimel JP.2002.Effects of drying-rewetting frequency on soil carbon and nitrogen transformations.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,34:777-787.
Gao JQ,Feng J,Zhang XW,et al.2016.Drying-rewetting cycles alter carbon and nitrogen mineralization in litteramended alpine wetland soil.Catena,145:285-290.
Gao JQ,Duan MY,Zhang XY,et al.2018.Effects of frequency and intensity of drying-rewetting cycles on Hydrocotyle vulgaris growth and greenhouse gas emissions from wetland microcosms.Catena,164:44-49.
Giorgi F,Coppola E,Soon EI,et al.2011.Higher hydroclimatic intensity with global warming.Journal of Climate,24:5309-5324.
Grace J,Rayment M.2000.Respiration in the balance.Nature,404:819-820.
IPCC.2013.Summary for policymakers//Climate change.2013.The Physical Science Basis.Contribution of working group i to the fifth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change.Cambridge,United Kingdom.
Orem W,Newman S,Osborne TZ,et al.2015.Projecting changes in everglades soil biogeochemistry for carbon and other key elements,to possible 2060 climate and hydrologic scenarios.Environmental Management,55:776-798.
Schindlbacher A,Wunderlich S,Borken W.2012.Soil respiration under climate change:Prolonged summer drought offsets soil warming effects.Global Change Biology,18:2270-2279.
邓东周,范志平,王红,等.2009.土壤水分对土壤呼吸的影响.林业科学研究,22(5):722-727.
邓昭衡,张雪雯,高居娟,等.2015.水分及凋落物对若尔盖泥炭土CH4排放的影响.生态与农村环境学报,31(4):548-552.
丁新宇,王自奎,杨轩,等.2017.保护性耕作对旱作农田干湿交替过程中土壤呼吸速率的影响.中国农业科学,50(24):4759-4768.
富利,张勇勇,赵文智.2018.荒漠-绿洲区不同土地利用类型土壤呼吸对温湿度的响应.生态学杂志,37(9):2690-2697.
李新鸽,韩广轩,朱连奇,等.2019.降雨引起的干湿交替对土壤呼吸的影响:进展与展望.生态学杂志,38(2):567-575.
刘芳婷,范文波,张金玺,等.2018.温度、水分、盐分对土壤CO2和O2浓度影响的试验研究.干旱区资源与环境,32(10):154-159.
刘云凯.2010.干湿交替对东北温带天然林和落叶松人工林土壤呼吸的影响(硕士学位论文).哈尔滨:东北林业大学.
吕富成,王小丹.2017.凋落物对土壤呼吸的贡献研究进展.土壤,49(2):225-231.
孟伟庆,莫训强,胡蓓蓓,等.2015.模拟干湿交替对湿地土壤呼吸及有机碳含量的影响.土壤通报,46(4):910-915.
牛百成,赵成义,冯广龙,等.2016.干湿交替对新疆绿洲农田土壤CO2排放的影响.水土保持通报,36(3):74-80.
彭信浩,徐小芳,韩海荣,等.2017.降雨减少对华北落叶松人工林土壤呼吸的影响.生态环境学报,26(8):1310-1316.
强皓凡,靳晓言,赵璐,等.2018.基于相对湿润度指数的近56年若尔盖湿地干湿变化.水土保持研究,25(1):172-177.
乔云发,韩晓增,赵兰坡.2012.测定时间对黑土区CO2和N2O排放通量的影响.安徽农业科学,13(6):3487-3489.
秦璐,吕光辉,何学敏,等.2013.艾比湖地区土壤呼吸测定代表性时段.生态学杂志,32(11):3109-3116.
宋长春,王毅勇,王跃思,等.2005.季节性冻融期沼泽湿地CO2、CH4和N2O排放动态.环境科学,26(4):7-12.
万运帆,李玉娥,林而达,等.2006.静态箱法测定旱地农田温室气体时密闭时间的研究.中国农业气象,27(2):122-124.
王龙昌,玉井理,永田雅辉,等.1998.水分和盐分对土壤微生物活性的影响.垦殖与稻作,26(3):40-42.
王亚军,郁珊珊.2018.城市绿地生态系统雨季土壤呼吸对降雨变化的响应.生态环境学报,27(4):625-633.
王艳芬,马秀枝,纪宝明,等.2003.内蒙古草甸草原CH4和N2O排放通量的时间变异.植物生态学报,27(6):792-796.
王跃思,王迎红.2008.中国陆地和淡水湖泊与大气间碳交换观测.北京:科学出版社.
王云川,易桂花,张廷斌,等.2017.近35a若尔盖高原泥炭沼泽变化趋势与驱动力分析.干旱区研究,34(2):403-410.
徐静静,刘隋赟昊,朱新萍,等.2017.巴音布鲁克天鹅湖高寒湿地不同水分梯度土壤微生物及酶活性的差异.新疆农业大学学报,40(5):337-344.
张红星,王效科,冯宗炜,等.2008.黄土高原小麦田土壤呼吸对强降雨的响应.生态学报,28(12):6189-6196.
张雪雯.2014.干湿交替对若尔盖湿地枯落物和土壤有机质分解的影响(硕士学位论文).北京:北京林业大学.
赵云飞,汪霞,欧延升,等.2018.若尔盖草甸退化对土壤碳、氮和碳稳定同位素的影响.应用生态学报,29(5):1-7.
Christiansen J,Levy-Booth D,Barker J,et al.2017.Observing and modeling links between soil moisture,microbes and CH4fluxes from forest soils.Egu General Assembly Conference Abstracts.
Clarholm M,Rosswall T.1986.Effects of moisture on soil microorganisms and nematodes:A field experiment.Microbial Ecology,12:217-230.
Fierer N,Schimel JP.2002.Effects of drying-rewetting frequency on soil carbon and nitrogen transformations.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,34:777-787.
Gao JQ,Feng J,Zhang XW,et al.2016.Drying-rewetting cycles alter carbon and nitrogen mineralization in litteramended alpine wetland soil.Catena,145:285-290.
Gao JQ,Duan MY,Zhang XY,et al.2018.Effects of frequency and intensity of drying-rewetting cycles on Hydrocotyle vulgaris growth and greenhouse gas emissions from wetland microcosms.Catena,164:44-49.
Giorgi F,Coppola E,Soon EI,et al.2011.Higher hydroclimatic intensity with global warming.Journal of Climate,24:5309-5324.
Grace J,Rayment M.2000.Respiration in the balance.Nature,404:819-820.
IPCC.2013.Summary for policymakers//Climate change.2013.The Physical Science Basis.Contribution of working group i to the fifth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change.Cambridge,United Kingdom.
Orem W,Newman S,Osborne TZ,et al.2015.Projecting changes in everglades soil biogeochemistry for carbon and other key elements,to possible 2060 climate and hydrologic scenarios.Environmental Management,55:776-798.
Schindlbacher A,Wunderlich S,Borken W.2012.Soil respiration under climate change:Prolonged summer drought offsets soil warming effects.Global Change Biology,18:2270-2279.
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