大兴安岭重度火烧迹地天然次生林土壤温室气体通量及其影响因子
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摘要
为研究大兴安岭重度火烧迹地自然恢复后的林分土壤温室气体源汇强度及其影响因素,采用静态箱/气相色谱法,对生长季(6—9月)天然次生林土壤温室气体CO_2、CH_4、N_2O通量进行原位观测.结果表明:1)生长季内天然次生林土壤为大气CO_2、N_2O的源,CH_4的汇,平均通量分别为575.81 mg·m~(-2)·h~(-1)、17.81μg·m~(-2)·h~(-1)和-68.69μg·m~(-2)·h~(-1);CO_2与CH_4通量在生长季内表现出明显的双峰变化规律,N_2O通量则呈单峰变化,且均在8月达到观测期的最大值.2)土壤温度是影响该区天然次生林土壤温室气体通量的主控因子,土壤湿度和大气湿度在昼夜与季节尺度上与土壤温室气体通量的相关性不同.3)该区天然次生林9:00—12:00时段观测获得的土壤气体通量值经矫正后可代表当日气体通量.研究补充了大兴安岭火烧迹地森林生态系统温室气体通量数据,为该区土壤温室气体源汇的相关研究提供了依据.
To learn the intensity of greenhouse gases(GHG) fluxes source/sink from soil and the influence factors of a natural secondary forest from seriously burned area in Greater Khingan Mountains, we used static chamber-GC technique to measure soil GHG(CO_2, N_2O, CH_4) in situ during the growing season(from June to September). The results showed that: 1) The soil of natural secondary forest was atmospheric CO_2 and N_2O source and CH_(4 s)ink. The mean fluxes of soil GHG(CO_2, N_2O, CH_4) during the growing season were 575.81 mg·m~(-2)·h~(-1), 17.81 μg·m~(-2)·h~(-1) and-68.69 μg·m~(-2)·h~(-1), respectively. The CO_2 and CH_4 fluxes showed an obvious double-peak trend and the change of N_2O fluxes was a single-peak pattern during the growing season, with all maximum fluxes occurred in August. 2) Soil temperature was the predominant factor controlling the soil GHG fluxes. The correlation of soil/atmospheric humidity and soil GHG fluxes was complicated and differed between diurnal scale and seasonal scale. 3) The soil GHG fluxes measured at 9:00-12:00 am could represent the diurnal average fluxes on the same day after proper correction in this area. The findings supplemented the soil GHG fluxes data of fired forest ecosystem in Greater Khingan Mountains, which could provide a basis for related research of soil GHG source/sink in this area.
To learn the intensity of greenhouse gases(GHG) fluxes source/sink from soil and the influence factors of a natural secondary forest from seriously burned area in Greater Khingan Mountains, we used static chamber-GC technique to measure soil GHG(CO_2, N_2O, CH_4) in situ during the growing season(from June to September). The results showed that: 1) The soil of natural secondary forest was atmospheric CO_2 and N_2O source and CH_(4 s)ink. The mean fluxes of soil GHG(CO_2, N_2O, CH_4) during the growing season were 575.81 mg·m~(-2)·h~(-1), 17.81 μg·m~(-2)·h~(-1) and-68.69 μg·m~(-2)·h~(-1), respectively. The CO_2 and CH_4 fluxes showed an obvious double-peak trend and the change of N_2O fluxes was a single-peak pattern during the growing season, with all maximum fluxes occurred in August. 2) Soil temperature was the predominant factor controlling the soil GHG fluxes. The correlation of soil/atmospheric humidity and soil GHG fluxes was complicated and differed between diurnal scale and seasonal scale. 3) The soil GHG fluxes measured at 9:00-12:00 am could represent the diurnal average fluxes on the same day after proper correction in this area. The findings supplemented the soil GHG fluxes data of fired forest ecosystem in Greater Khingan Mountains, which could provide a basis for related research of soil GHG source/sink in this area.
引文
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[10] Hu T-X (胡同欣), Hu H-Q (胡海清), Sun L (孙龙). Effects of fire disturbances on soil respiration in Dahurian larch (Larix gmelinii) forests. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 2018, 38(8): 2915-2924 (in Chinese)
[11] Mu C-C (牟长城), Shi L-Y (石兰英), Sun X-X (孙晓新). Fluxes and controls of CO2, CH4 and N2O in a marsh wetland of Xiaoxing’an Mountains, northeastern China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology (植物生态学报), 2009, 33(3): 617-623 (in Chinese)
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[13] Xiao D-M (肖冬梅), Wang M (王淼), Ji L-Z (姬兰柱), et al. Variation characteristics of soil N2O emission flux in broad-leaved Korean pine forest of Changbai Mountain. Chinese Journal of Ecology (生态学杂志), 2004, 23(5): 46-52 (in Chinese)
[14] Cheng Y, Wang J, Wang SQ, et al. Effects of soil moisture on gross N transformations and N2O emission in acid subtropical forest soils. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 2014, 50: 1099-1108
[15] Fu M-J (傅民杰), Wang C-K (王传宽), Wang Y (王颖), et al. Effects of climate warming on the N2O emission from Larix gmelinii forest soils at different latitudes during soil thawing period. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2009, 20(7): 1635-1642 (in Chinese)
[16] Sun X-Y (孙向阳), Xu H-C (徐化成). Emission flux of nitrous oxide from forest soils in Beijing. Scientia Silvae Sinicae (林业科学), 2001, 37(5): 57-63 (in Chinese)
[17] Du R (杜睿), Huang J-H (黄建辉), Wan X-W (万小伟), et al. The research on the law of greenhouse gases emission from warm temperate forest soils in Beijing region. Environmental Science (环境科学), 2004, 25(2): 12-16 (in Chinese)
[18] Xu C-Q (许翠清), Chen L-X (陈立新), Yan Y-Q (颜永强), et al. Seasonal dynamic characteristics of ammonium-nitrogen and nitrate-nitrigen contents in soils in temperate forests. Journal of Northeast Forestry University (东北林业大学学报), 2008, 36(10): 19-21 (in Chinese)
[19] Ding W-X (丁维新), Cai Z-C (蔡祖聪). Effect of temperature on atmospheric CH4 oxidation in soils. Chinese Journal of Ecology (生态学杂志), 2003, 22(3): 54-58 (in Chinese)
[20] Bowden RD, Newkirk KM, Rullo GM. Carbon dioxide and methane fluxes by a forest soil under laboratory-controlled moisture and temperature conditions. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 1998, 30: 1591-1597
[21] Ju H (菊花), Shen G-Z (申国珍), Ma M-Z (马明哲), et al. Greenhouse gas fluxes of typical northern subtropical forest soils: Impacts of land use change and reduced precipitation. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology (植物生态学报), 2016, 40(10): 1049-1063 (in Chinese)
[22] Li J (李俊), Tong X-J (同小娟), Yu Q (于强). Methane uptake and oxidation by unsaturated soil. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 2005, 25(1): 141-147 (in Chinese)
[23] Castro MS, Steudler PA, Melillo JM, et al. Factors controlling atmospheric methane consumption by temperate forest soils. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 1995, 9: 1-10
[24] Shukla PN, Pandey KD, Mishra VK. Environmental determinants of soil methane oxidation and methanotrophs. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2013, 43: 1945-2011
[25] Dunfield PF, Topp E, Archambault C, et al. Effect of N fertilizers and moisture content on CH4and N2O fluxes in a humisol: Measurements in the field and intact soil cores. Biogeochemistry, 1995, 29: 199-222
[26] Dong Y, Peng G, Li J. Spatio-temporal characteristic of CO2, CH4 and N2O emission in temperate forest sods. Acta Geographica Sinica, 1996, 51: 120-128
[27] Steudler PA, Melillo JM, Bowden RD, et al. The effects of natural and human disturbances on soil nitrogen dynamics and trace gas fluxes in a Puerto Rican wet forest. Biotropica, 1991, 23: 356-363
[28] Davidson EA, Janssens IA, Luo YQ. On the variability of respiration in terrestrial ecosystems: Moving beyond Q10. Global Change Biology, 2006, 12: 154-164
[29] Yang Q-P (杨庆朋), Xu M (徐明), Liu H-S (刘洪升), et al. Impact factors and uncertainties of the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 2011, 31(8): 2301-2311 (in Chinese)
[30] Yang J-Y (杨金艳), Wang C-K (王传宽). Effects of soil temperature and moisture on soil surface CO2 flux of forests in northeastern China. Journal of Plant Ecology (植物生态学报), 2006, 30(2): 286-294 (in Chinese)
[31] Zhang H-D (张慧东), Zhou M (周梅), Zhao P-W (赵鹏武), et al. Soil respiration of Larix gmelinii forest in cool temperate zone. Scientic Silvae Sinicae (林业科学), 2008, 44(9): 142-145 (in Chinese)
[32] Wang Y-D (王义东), Wang H-M (王辉民), Ma Z-Q (马泽清), et al. Review of response mechanism of soil respiration to rainfall. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology (植物生态学报), 2010, 34(5): 601-610 (in Chinese)
[33] Kang Y-X (康永祥), Xia G-W (夏国威), Liu J-J (刘建军), et al. Soil respiration characteristics in the clear-cutting site of Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata fore-st in Xiaolong Mountain in Qinling Mountains. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2014, 25(2): 342-350 (in Chinese)
[34] Bowden RD, Davidson E, Savage K, et al. Chronic nitrogen additions reduce total soil respiration and microbial respiration in temperate forest soils at the Harvard forest. Forest Ecology and Management, 2004, 196: 43-56
[35] Zhao H-L (赵哈林), Li Y-Q (李玉强), Zhou R-L (周瑞莲). Soil respiration rates and its relation with environmental factors in Horqin Sand Land. Acta Ecologi-ca Sinica (生态学报), 2010, 30(8): 1972-1980 (in Chinese)
[36] Dang X-S (党旭升), Cheng S-L (程淑兰), Fang H-J (方华军), et al. The controlling factors and coupling of soil CO2, CH4 and N2O fluxes in a temperate needle-broadleaved mixed forest. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 2015, 35(19): 6530-6540 (in Chinese)
[37] Ren Q-S (任清胜). Effects of Burning on Organic Carbon and Black Carbon in Soil Aggregates of Natural Larix gmelinii Forests in Great Xing’an Mountains. Master Thesis. Harbin: Northeast Foresty University, 2016 (in Chinese)
[2] Dalal RC, Allen DE. Greenhouse gas fluxes from natural ecosystems. Australian Journal of Botany, 2008, 56: 369-407
[3] Sun X-Y (孙向阳), Qiao J (乔杰), Tan X (谭笑). Flux of carbon dioxide (CO2) in temperate forest soil. Journal of Northeast Forestry University (东北林业大学学报), 2001, 29(1): 34-39 (in Chinese)
[4] Sun X-Y (孙向阳). CH4 emission flux of forest soils in lower mountain area, Beijing. Soil and Environmental Sciences (土壤与环境), 2000, 9(3): 173-176 (in Chinese)
[5] Zhang W, Mo JM, Yu GR, et al. Emissions of nitrous oxide from three tropical forests in Southern China in response to simulated nitrogen deposition. Plant and Soil, 2008, 306: 221-236
[6] Wang L-H (王丽红), Xin Y (辛颖), Zhao Y-S (赵雨森), et al. Soil microbial biomass and enzyme activity in the process of vegetation restoration in burned area of Great Xing’an Mountains. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation (水土保持学报), 2015, 29(3): 184-189 (in Chinese)
[7] Wang L-H (王丽红), Xin Y (辛颖), Zou M-L (邹梦玲), et al. Plant diversity and biomass distribution of vegetation restoration in burned area of Great Xing’an Mountains. Journal of Beijing Forestry University (北京林业大学学报), 2015, 37(12): 41-47 (in Chinese)
[8] Xin Y (辛颖), Zhao Y-S (赵雨森), Chen Q (陈强). Soil physical and chemical properties of different forests in burned area of Daxing’an Mountains after vege-tation restoration. Journal of Northeast Forestry University (东北林业大学学报), 2013, 41(8): 65-68 (in Chinese)
[9] Ma X-Z (马秀枝), Zhang Q-L (张秋良), Li C-S (李长生), et al. Temporal variation of soil greenhouse gases fluxes in a cold-temperate Larix gmelinii forest in Inner Mongolia, China. Chinese Journal of Applied Eco-logy (应用生态学报), 2012, 23(8): 2149-2156 (in Chinese)
[10] Hu T-X (胡同欣), Hu H-Q (胡海清), Sun L (孙龙). Effects of fire disturbances on soil respiration in Dahurian larch (Larix gmelinii) forests. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 2018, 38(8): 2915-2924 (in Chinese)
[11] Mu C-C (牟长城), Shi L-Y (石兰英), Sun X-X (孙晓新). Fluxes and controls of CO2, CH4 and N2O in a marsh wetland of Xiaoxing’an Mountains, northeastern China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology (植物生态学报), 2009, 33(3): 617-623 (in Chinese)
[12] Pajares S, Bohannan, BJM. Ecology of nitrogen fixing, nitrifying, and denitrifying microorganisms in tropical forest soils. Frontiers in Microbiology, 2016, 7: 1045
[13] Xiao D-M (肖冬梅), Wang M (王淼), Ji L-Z (姬兰柱), et al. Variation characteristics of soil N2O emission flux in broad-leaved Korean pine forest of Changbai Mountain. Chinese Journal of Ecology (生态学杂志), 2004, 23(5): 46-52 (in Chinese)
[14] Cheng Y, Wang J, Wang SQ, et al. Effects of soil moisture on gross N transformations and N2O emission in acid subtropical forest soils. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 2014, 50: 1099-1108
[15] Fu M-J (傅民杰), Wang C-K (王传宽), Wang Y (王颖), et al. Effects of climate warming on the N2O emission from Larix gmelinii forest soils at different latitudes during soil thawing period. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2009, 20(7): 1635-1642 (in Chinese)
[16] Sun X-Y (孙向阳), Xu H-C (徐化成). Emission flux of nitrous oxide from forest soils in Beijing. Scientia Silvae Sinicae (林业科学), 2001, 37(5): 57-63 (in Chinese)
[17] Du R (杜睿), Huang J-H (黄建辉), Wan X-W (万小伟), et al. The research on the law of greenhouse gases emission from warm temperate forest soils in Beijing region. Environmental Science (环境科学), 2004, 25(2): 12-16 (in Chinese)
[18] Xu C-Q (许翠清), Chen L-X (陈立新), Yan Y-Q (颜永强), et al. Seasonal dynamic characteristics of ammonium-nitrogen and nitrate-nitrigen contents in soils in temperate forests. Journal of Northeast Forestry University (东北林业大学学报), 2008, 36(10): 19-21 (in Chinese)
[19] Ding W-X (丁维新), Cai Z-C (蔡祖聪). Effect of temperature on atmospheric CH4 oxidation in soils. Chinese Journal of Ecology (生态学杂志), 2003, 22(3): 54-58 (in Chinese)
[20] Bowden RD, Newkirk KM, Rullo GM. Carbon dioxide and methane fluxes by a forest soil under laboratory-controlled moisture and temperature conditions. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 1998, 30: 1591-1597
[21] Ju H (菊花), Shen G-Z (申国珍), Ma M-Z (马明哲), et al. Greenhouse gas fluxes of typical northern subtropical forest soils: Impacts of land use change and reduced precipitation. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology (植物生态学报), 2016, 40(10): 1049-1063 (in Chinese)
[22] Li J (李俊), Tong X-J (同小娟), Yu Q (于强). Methane uptake and oxidation by unsaturated soil. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 2005, 25(1): 141-147 (in Chinese)
[23] Castro MS, Steudler PA, Melillo JM, et al. Factors controlling atmospheric methane consumption by temperate forest soils. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 1995, 9: 1-10
[24] Shukla PN, Pandey KD, Mishra VK. Environmental determinants of soil methane oxidation and methanotrophs. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2013, 43: 1945-2011
[25] Dunfield PF, Topp E, Archambault C, et al. Effect of N fertilizers and moisture content on CH4and N2O fluxes in a humisol: Measurements in the field and intact soil cores. Biogeochemistry, 1995, 29: 199-222
[26] Dong Y, Peng G, Li J. Spatio-temporal characteristic of CO2, CH4 and N2O emission in temperate forest sods. Acta Geographica Sinica, 1996, 51: 120-128
[27] Steudler PA, Melillo JM, Bowden RD, et al. The effects of natural and human disturbances on soil nitrogen dynamics and trace gas fluxes in a Puerto Rican wet forest. Biotropica, 1991, 23: 356-363
[28] Davidson EA, Janssens IA, Luo YQ. On the variability of respiration in terrestrial ecosystems: Moving beyond Q10. Global Change Biology, 2006, 12: 154-164
[29] Yang Q-P (杨庆朋), Xu M (徐明), Liu H-S (刘洪升), et al. Impact factors and uncertainties of the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 2011, 31(8): 2301-2311 (in Chinese)
[30] Yang J-Y (杨金艳), Wang C-K (王传宽). Effects of soil temperature and moisture on soil surface CO2 flux of forests in northeastern China. Journal of Plant Ecology (植物生态学报), 2006, 30(2): 286-294 (in Chinese)
[31] Zhang H-D (张慧东), Zhou M (周梅), Zhao P-W (赵鹏武), et al. Soil respiration of Larix gmelinii forest in cool temperate zone. Scientic Silvae Sinicae (林业科学), 2008, 44(9): 142-145 (in Chinese)
[32] Wang Y-D (王义东), Wang H-M (王辉民), Ma Z-Q (马泽清), et al. Review of response mechanism of soil respiration to rainfall. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology (植物生态学报), 2010, 34(5): 601-610 (in Chinese)
[33] Kang Y-X (康永祥), Xia G-W (夏国威), Liu J-J (刘建军), et al. Soil respiration characteristics in the clear-cutting site of Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata fore-st in Xiaolong Mountain in Qinling Mountains. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2014, 25(2): 342-350 (in Chinese)
[34] Bowden RD, Davidson E, Savage K, et al. Chronic nitrogen additions reduce total soil respiration and microbial respiration in temperate forest soils at the Harvard forest. Forest Ecology and Management, 2004, 196: 43-56
[35] Zhao H-L (赵哈林), Li Y-Q (李玉强), Zhou R-L (周瑞莲). Soil respiration rates and its relation with environmental factors in Horqin Sand Land. Acta Ecologi-ca Sinica (生态学报), 2010, 30(8): 1972-1980 (in Chinese)
[36] Dang X-S (党旭升), Cheng S-L (程淑兰), Fang H-J (方华军), et al. The controlling factors and coupling of soil CO2, CH4 and N2O fluxes in a temperate needle-broadleaved mixed forest. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 2015, 35(19): 6530-6540 (in Chinese)
[37] Ren Q-S (任清胜). Effects of Burning on Organic Carbon and Black Carbon in Soil Aggregates of Natural Larix gmelinii Forests in Great Xing’an Mountains. Master Thesis. Harbin: Northeast Foresty University, 2016 (in Chinese)
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