草原区煤矿开采对周边旱作农田土壤养分和重金属的影响
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摘要
为了解草原区煤矿开采对周边旱作农田土壤养分及重金属含量的影响,选取鄂尔多斯市伊金霍洛旗丁家圪堵煤矿周边旱地为研究对象,测定土壤养分(有机质、全N、全P、全K和pH)与重金属(Pb、Cd、Cr、Cu、Zn、Ni、Hg和As)含量,并对土壤养分与重金属含量之间关系以及重金属污染来源进行分析。结果表明,煤矿对矿区周边旱田0～10 cm土壤层养分及重金属含量影响较大,土壤有机质与全N含量明显下降;在距离矿区500 m范围内,土壤Cu和As含量高于对照区(CK);在2 500 m范围内,土壤Pb和Cr含量均高于CK;在1 250 m范围内,土壤有机质和全N含量均低于CK区域,并与区域内土壤Pb、Cr、Cu和As含量呈负相关。重金属来源分析表明,研究区土壤Zn主要来源于交通运输,Ni主要来源于农业生产活动,Cd与Hg来源于自然成土母质的同时还受到矿区范围外的人为活动影响。因此,对研究区旱地土壤进行治理与保护时应重点管控来自煤矿的Pb、Cr、Cu和As污染。
Coal mining has an important impact on the surrounding rainfed farmland. In order to clarify the effects of coal mining on soil nutrients and heavy metals content in arid grassland area,the soil nutrients(organic matter,total N,total P,total K and pH)and heavy metals(Pb,Cd,Cr,Cu,Zn,Ni,Hg)were measured in the rainfed farmland around Dingjiagou Coal Mine in Yijin Holuo Banner,Ordos City. The relationship between soil nutrients and heavy metals and the sources of heavy metal pollution were analyzed. The results show that coal mine had a great influence on soil nutrient and heavy metal content in 0-10 cm rainfed farmland around the mining area,and caused the decrease of organic matter and total N content in soil;in the range of 500 m around the coal mine,the contents of heavy metals Cu and As in soil were higher than CK;in the range of 2 500 m around the coal mine,the contents of Pb and Cr in soil were higher than CK. Soil organic matter and total N contents were lower than those of CK at 1 250 m range around the coal mine,and were negatively correlated with the contents of Pb,Cr,Cu and As in the soil;Zn mainly came from transportation;Ni mainly came from agricultural production activities;Cd and Hg came from natural soil parent materials and anthropogenic activity outside coal mine. Therefore,the pollution of Pb,Cr,Cu and As from coal mines should be controlled when the rainfed farmland in this area is to be protected.
Coal mining has an important impact on the surrounding rainfed farmland. In order to clarify the effects of coal mining on soil nutrients and heavy metals content in arid grassland area,the soil nutrients(organic matter,total N,total P,total K and pH)and heavy metals(Pb,Cd,Cr,Cu,Zn,Ni,Hg)were measured in the rainfed farmland around Dingjiagou Coal Mine in Yijin Holuo Banner,Ordos City. The relationship between soil nutrients and heavy metals and the sources of heavy metal pollution were analyzed. The results show that coal mine had a great influence on soil nutrient and heavy metal content in 0-10 cm rainfed farmland around the mining area,and caused the decrease of organic matter and total N content in soil;in the range of 500 m around the coal mine,the contents of heavy metals Cu and As in soil were higher than CK;in the range of 2 500 m around the coal mine,the contents of Pb and Cr in soil were higher than CK. Soil organic matter and total N contents were lower than those of CK at 1 250 m range around the coal mine,and were negatively correlated with the contents of Pb,Cr,Cu and As in the soil;Zn mainly came from transportation;Ni mainly came from agricultural production activities;Cd and Hg came from natural soil parent materials and anthropogenic activity outside coal mine. Therefore,the pollution of Pb,Cr,Cu and As from coal mines should be controlled when the rainfed farmland in this area is to be protected.
引文
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[24]高宇潇,塔西甫拉提·特依拜,夏楠,等.新疆准东五彩湾煤田区不同深度土壤重金属污染评价、来源分析与空间分布特征[J].中国矿业,2016,25(9):74-81,96.[GAO Yu-xiao,TASHPOLAT·Teyip,XIA Nan,et al.Spatial Distribution and Pollution Source Assessment of Different Depth of Soil Heavy Metals in the Wucaiwan Coal Field in Xinjiang East Junggar Basin[J].China Mining Magazine,2016,25(9):74-81,96.]
[25]王丽,王力,和文祥,等.神木煤矿区土壤重金属污染特征研究[J].生态环境学报,2011,20(8/9):1343-1347.[WANG Li,WANG Li,HE Wen-xiang,et al.Contaminate Characteristic of Heavy Metals in Soils in Shenmu Mining Area[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2011,20(8/9):1343-1347.]
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[2]刘军,党晓宏.露天煤矿排土场边坡不同年限沙棘对林下土壤肥力质量的影响[J].浙江林业科技,2017,37(6):9-14.[LIU Jun,DANG Xiao-hong. Effect of Planting Years of Hippophae rhamnoides on Soil Fertility Quality of Dump Slope in Surface Mine[J].Journal of Zhejiang Forestry Science and Technology,2017,37(6):9-14.]
[3]石占飞,王力.神木矿区土壤重金属含量特征及潜在风险评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2013,32(6):1150-1158.[SHI Zhan-fei,WANG Li.Contents of Soil Heavy Metals and Evaluation on the Potential Pollution Risk in Shenmu Mining Area[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2013,32(6):1150-1158.]
[4]李玲,高畅,董洋洋,等.典型煤矿工业园区土壤重金属污染评价[J].土壤通报,2013,44(1):227-231.[LI Ling,GAO Chang,DONG Yang-yang,et al.Soil Heavy Metal Pollution Assessment in Typical Coal Industry Park of Henan Province[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2013,44(1):227-231.]
[5]苏海民,何爱霞,袁新田,等.安徽省宿州市煤矿周边农田土壤重金属含量及污染评价[J].地球与环境,2014,42(3):369-374.[SU Hai-min,HE Ai-xia,YUAN Xin-tian,et al.Heavy Metal Contents of Farmland Soil and Pollution Evaluation Around Coal Mines in Suzhou City,Anhui Province[J].Earth and Environment,2014,42(3):369-374.]
[6] BHUIYAN M A H,PARVEZ L,ISLAM M A,et al.Heavy Metal Pollution of Coal Mine-Affected Agricultural Soils in the Northern Part of Bangladesh[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2010,173(1/2/3):384-392.
[7] REHMAN I U,ISHAQ M,ALI L,et al.Enrichment,Spatial Distribution of Potential Ecological and Human Health Risk Assessment via Toxic Metals in Soil and Surface Water Ingestion in the Vicinity of Sewakht Mines,District Chitral,Northern Pakistan[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2018,154:127-136.
[8]王其枫,王富华,孙芳芳,等.广东韶关主要矿区周边农田土壤铅、镉的形态分布及生物有效性研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2012,31(6):1097-1103.[WANG Qi-feng,WANG Fu-hua,SUN Fang-fang,et al.Fractionation and Bioavailability of Pb and Cd in Agricultural Soils Around Mining Area in Shaoguan,Guangdong Province,China[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2012,31(6):1097-1103.]
[9]刘玥,韩雪峰,牛宏,等.神府矿区煤矸石周边土壤重金属污染评价[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报(自然科学版),2015,34(9):1021-1025.[LIU Yue,HAN Xue-feng,NIU Hong,et al.Assessment of Periphery Soil Heavy Metal Pollution of Coal Gangue in Shen-Fu Mining Area[J].Journal of Liaoning Technical University(Natural Science Edition),2015,34(9):1021-1025.]
[10]柴世伟,温琰茂,张亚雷,等.地积累指数法在土壤重金属污染评价中的应用[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2006,34(12):1657-1661.[CHAI Shi-wei,WEN Yan-mao,ZHANG Ya-lei,et al.Application of Index of Geoaccumulation(Igeo)to Pollution Evaluation of Heavy Metals in Soil[J].Journal of Tongji University(Natural Science),2006,34(12):1657-1661.]
[11]齐雁冰,杨凤群,楚万林,等.煤炭高污染风险区土壤重金属地球化学垒研究[J].土壤通报,2014,45(1):216-220.[QI Yan-bing,YANG Feng-qun,CHU Wan-lin,et al.Soil Heavy Metal Geochemical Bar in High Risk Zone by Coal Mining[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2014,45(1):216-220.]
[12]高文文,白中科,余勤飞.煤矿工业场地土壤重金属污染评价[J].中国矿业,2015,24(8):59-64.[GAO Wen-wen,BAI Zhong-ke,YU Qin-fei.Evaluation of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution in Coal Mine Industrial Site[J].China Mining Magazine,2015,24(8):59-64.]
[13]黄大伟,桂和荣.宿南矿区土壤重金属含量特征及其来源解析[J].地球与环境,2017,45(5):546-554.[HUANG Da-wei,GUI He-rong. Sources Analysis and Content Characteristics of Soil Heavy Metal in Sunan Mining Area,China[J].Earth and Environment,2017,45(5):546-554.]
[14]韩玉丽,邱尔发,王亚飞,等.北京市土壤和TSP中重金属分布特征及相关性研究[J].生态环境学报,2015,24(1):146-155.[HAN Yu-li,QIU Er-fa,WANG Ya-fei,et al.Study on Heavy Metals Distribution and Correlation in Soil and TSP of Beijing[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2015,24(1):146-155.]
[15]雷冬梅,段昌群,王明.云南不同矿区废弃地土壤肥力与重金属污染评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2007,26(2):612-616.[LEI Dong-mei,DUAN Chang-qun,WANG Ming.Soil Fertility and Heavy Metal Contamination in Abandoned Regions of Different Mine Tailings in Yunnan Province[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2007,26(2):612-616.]
[16]苗旭锋,肖细元,郭朝晖,等.矿冶区重金属污染土壤肥力特征及生态修复潜力分析[J].环境科学与技术,2010,33(7):115-119.[MIAO Xu-feng,XIAO Xi-yuan,GUO Zhao-hui,et al.Fertility Characteristics and Ecological Restoration Potential Analysis for Metal Contaminated Soils From Vicinity of Typical Mining and Smelting Areas in Hunan Province[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2010,33(7):115-119.]
[17]杨敏,滕应,任文杰,等.石门雄黄矿周边农田土壤重金属污染及健康风险评估[J].土壤,2016,48(6):1172-1178.[YANG Min,TENG Ying,REN Wen-jie,et al.Pollution and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Agricultural Soil Around Shimen Realgar Mine[J].Soils,2016,48(6):1172-1178.]
[18]刘平,张强,程滨,等.电厂煤粉尘沉降特征及其对周边土壤主要性质的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2010(5):21-24.[LIU Ping,ZHANG Qiang,CHENG Bin,et al.The Deposition Law of Coal Dust From Power Generation Plant and Its Effects on Prosperities of the Surrounding Soil[J].Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China,2010(5):21-24.]
[19]龚平,孙铁珩,李培军.重金属对土壤微生物的生态效应[J].应用生态学报,1997,8(2):218-224.[GONG Ping,SUN Tie-heng,LI Pei-jun.Ecolgical Effect of Heavy Metals on Soil Microbes[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,1997,8(2):218-224.]
[20]龙健,黄昌勇,滕应,等.金属污染矿区复垦土壤微生物量及酶活性的研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2004,12(3):146-148.[LONG Jian,HUANG Chang-yong,TENG Ying,et al.The Microbial Biomass and Enzyme Activities of Reclaimed Mine Soils in the Heavy Metal Pollution Area[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2004,12(3):146-148.]
[21]陈怀满.土壤中化学物质的行为与环境质量[M].北京:科学出版社,2002:58.
[22]王庆仁,刘秀梅,崔岩山,等.我国几个工矿与污灌区土壤重金属污染状况及原因探讨[J].环境科学学报,2002,22(3):354-358.[WANG Qing-ren,LIU Xiu-mei,CUI Yan-shan,et al.Soil Contamination and Sources of Heavy Metals at Individual Sites of Industry and Mining Associate With Wastewater Irrigation in China[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2002,22(3):354-358.]
[23]张俊,李余生,孟雷.芦岭煤矿区土壤重金属元素地球化学特征及来源分析[J].环境化学,2014,33(11):2001-2002.
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