低山丘陵区景观类型与地形因子耦合关系研究——以伏牛山余脉区为例
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摘要
选择伏牛山局部低山丘陵区为对象,运用ArcGIS的空间分析功能和数理统计分析方法探讨8种类型景观在高程、坡度、坡向带上的分布特征、分布指数与显著性。结果表明,高程因子与林地景观呈显著正相关,与工矿用地景观、自然保留地景观呈显著负相关;坡度因子与基本农田景观呈极显著负相关,与耕地景观、自然保留用地景观呈显著负相关;坡向因子与牧草地景观、林地景观呈显著负相关,与自然保留地景观呈显著正相关。建议根据地形因子进行景观布局,低海拔与平缓坡区宜发展生产、生活型景观,中高海拔与陡、急、陡峭坡区域宜丰富生态型景观。协调(半)阴坡、(半)阳坡的景观类型,宜增加阳坡区生态型景观。本研究为区域景观合理化建设提供了定量化依据,也为低山丘陵区景观建设提供参考。
The part of low mountain area in the Funiu Mountain was selected as the research object.The spatial analysis function and mathematical statistics of ArcGIS were used to analyze the distribution characteristics,distribution index and significance of eight types of landscape in the elevation,slope,and aspect.The results indicated that the elevation factor was significantly and positively correlated with the forest landscape,negatively correlated with the landscape of industrial land and natural reservation,and the slope factor was significantly and negatively correlated with the farmland landscape,and significantly and negatively correlated with the cultivated land landscape and the natural reserved land landscape.There was a significantly negative correlation between aspect factors and grassland landscapes,and significantly positive correlations with landscapes of natural reserve lands.It was suggested that the layout of landscape should be based on topographic factors.The development of low-altitude and gentle slopes should be based on the productive and living landscapes,and the ecological landscape should be rich in mid-high elevations and steep slope,abrupt slope and cliffy slopes.To coordinate the landscape types from(semi)sunny slopes to(semi)shady slope and increase the ecological landscape in sunny slope is a reasonable way.The research provided a quantitative basis for the rational construction of the regional landscape and also a reference for the landscape construction in the low mountain areas.
The part of low mountain area in the Funiu Mountain was selected as the research object.The spatial analysis function and mathematical statistics of ArcGIS were used to analyze the distribution characteristics,distribution index and significance of eight types of landscape in the elevation,slope,and aspect.The results indicated that the elevation factor was significantly and positively correlated with the forest landscape,negatively correlated with the landscape of industrial land and natural reservation,and the slope factor was significantly and negatively correlated with the farmland landscape,and significantly and negatively correlated with the cultivated land landscape and the natural reserved land landscape.There was a significantly negative correlation between aspect factors and grassland landscapes,and significantly positive correlations with landscapes of natural reserve lands.It was suggested that the layout of landscape should be based on topographic factors.The development of low-altitude and gentle slopes should be based on the productive and living landscapes,and the ecological landscape should be rich in mid-high elevations and steep slope,abrupt slope and cliffy slopes.To coordinate the landscape types from(semi)sunny slopes to(semi)shady slope and increase the ecological landscape in sunny slope is a reasonable way.The research provided a quantitative basis for the rational construction of the regional landscape and also a reference for the landscape construction in the low mountain areas.
引文
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[2]张长生.高原山区路网均衡性研究[D].西安:长安大学,2011.
[3]徐志强,张光灿,刘霞,等.淮河流域伏牛山区水土保持生态自然修复适宜性评价与分区[J].中国水土保持科学,2013,11(3):17-23.
[4]刘俊秀,李宁.纪检监察概况[M]//鲁万军,漫鸿义.汝州年鉴.郑州:中州古籍出版社,2016:194.
[5]姬廷宣.地域概况地形地貌[M]//王亚红.平顶山年鉴.郑州:中州古籍出版社,2017:42.
[6]卞昌春.自然环境自然条件[M]//郭洪昌.河南年鉴.郑州:河南年鉴社,2016:13.
[7] LAUER W.Human development and environment in the Andes:ageoecological overview[J].Mountain Research and Development,1993,13(2):157-166.
[8] CASPAR A M,JAN A K,DIRK M W,et al.A new european landscape classification(LANMAP):a transparent,flexible and user-oriented methodology to distinguish landscapes[J].Ecological Indicators,2010,10:87-103.
[9]岳健,张雪梅.关于我国土地利用分类问题的讨论[J].干旱区地理,2003,26(1):78-88.
[10]林培,刘黎明,孙丹峰.关于建立我国土地利用分类及其制图问题的探讨[J].中国土地科学,2001(1):28-31,38.
[11]季菲菲,吉文丽,杨婷,等.基于土地适宜性的新农村规划——以高台县侯庄村为例[J].西北林学院学报,2013,28(5):205-210,220.JI F F,JI W L,YANG T,et al.New rural planning based on land suitability——a case study of Houzhuang village[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2013,28(5):205-210,220.(in Chinese)
[12]罗丹,常庆瑞.渭北黄土台塬区土地利用空间分布的地形特征研究[J].西部大开发:土地开发工程研究,2018(1):1-8.
[13]杨斌.“数字山地”框架下的山地本体及数字化分类研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2009.
[14]刘英敏.基于GIS和RS的数字流域构建关键技术研究与实践[D].长春:吉林大学,2006.
[15]庞悦.基于GIS低丘缓坡土地资源开发利用评价研究[D].北京:中国地质大学,2014.
[16]谢翠容.低丘缓坡资源开发利用评价研究[D].武汉:武汉大学,2017.
[17]耿莎,石云.黄土丘陵区小流域景观格局与生态恢复措施和地形因子耦合关系研究[J].生态与农村环境学报,2015,31(2):197-203.
[18]贺敬滢,张桐艳,李光录,等.基于DEM的土地利用与地形因子关系研究——以商州区张地沟小流域为例[J].干旱地区农业研究,2012,30(2):206-212.
[19]冯晓丽,吴小芳,沈德才,等.基于DEM的森林地形与植被空间格局关联分析[J].福建林业科技,2015,42(1):26-30.
[20]仇宽彪.北京市五环内城市植被格局及公园绿地生态服务功能价值初步研究[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2011.
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