中草药对凡纳滨对虾生理功效与安全评价的研究
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摘要
本文研究了中草药对凡纳滨对虾的生理功效和安全性评价。实验将基础饲料作为对照组饲料,在基础饲料中分别添加0.1%黄芪多糖、0.1%黄芪多糖+0.05%大蒜素、0.1%绿原酸、0.1%绿原酸+0.05%大蒜素作为四种实验组饲料(G1-G4),养殖凡纳滨对虾21d,再进行7d攻毒实验。结果表明:3种中草药配方对凡纳滨对虾血细胞数量、吞噬率、血浆抗菌活力和总抗氧化能力影响显著(P<0.05),而对照组无明显变化。G1、G2处理组对虾血细胞数量6d后显著高于对照组,G3、G4处理组与对照组无显著差异,各处理组血细胞吞噬率、血浆抗菌活力分别于10d、3d后显著高于对照组水平,除G1处理组外,各处理组血浆总抗氧化能力10d后显著高于对照组,之后各指标均保持稳定;攻毒7d后,各处理组对虾累积死亡率显著低于对照组,累积死亡率为G40.05),G1、G2和G4处理组肝胰腺泡状细胞明显增多,其余与对照组组织结构类似,形态正常。由此可见,3种中草药配方对凡纳滨对虾免疫防御和抗氧化具有明显的增强作用,提高了对虾抵御病原菌能力,并对肝胰腺无毒副作用,以G4(0.1%绿原酸+0.05%大蒜素)配方效果最佳。
In this study, a feeding trial followed by a challenge test were performed to evaluate the effects of four herbal formulae(different combinations of Astragalus polysaccharides(APS), chlorogenic acid(CGA) and allicin) on the non-specific immune response and metabolic damage of Litopenaeus vannamei. Shrimp were fed with five diets, one as the control(basal diet with no herbal formulae) and four herbal formula diets(G1-G4, basal diet supplemented with 0.1% APS, 0.1% APS + 0.05% allicin, 0.1% CGA, 0.1% CGA + 0. 05% allicin, respectively) for 21 days. After that, shrimp were challenged with Vibrio harveyi with the cumulative mortality of shrimp recorded for 7 days post challenge. The results showed that herbal formulae had significant effects on the non-specific immune indicators and disease resistance against V. harveyi. The total hemocyte count increased significantly in G1 and G2 after 6 days feeding, then tended to be stable after 10 days; the phagocytic capacity and antibacterial activity of G1 through G4 were significantly higher(P<0.05) than those of control after 10 days and 3 days feeding, respectively, then these two immune indicators were stable. The plasma total antioxidant capacity was significantly enhanced in G2 through G4 but not in G1. In addition, after 7 days challenge test, the cumulative mortality of shrimp each treatment group was significantly lower than that of control, and order of the cumulative mortality rate was G4
In this study, a feeding trial followed by a challenge test were performed to evaluate the effects of four herbal formulae(different combinations of Astragalus polysaccharides(APS), chlorogenic acid(CGA) and allicin) on the non-specific immune response and metabolic damage of Litopenaeus vannamei. Shrimp were fed with five diets, one as the control(basal diet with no herbal formulae) and four herbal formula diets(G1-G4, basal diet supplemented with 0.1% APS, 0.1% APS + 0.05% allicin, 0.1% CGA, 0.1% CGA + 0. 05% allicin, respectively) for 21 days. After that, shrimp were challenged with Vibrio harveyi with the cumulative mortality of shrimp recorded for 7 days post challenge. The results showed that herbal formulae had significant effects on the non-specific immune indicators and disease resistance against V. harveyi. The total hemocyte count increased significantly in G1 and G2 after 6 days feeding, then tended to be stable after 10 days; the phagocytic capacity and antibacterial activity of G1 through G4 were significantly higher(P<0.05) than those of control after 10 days and 3 days feeding, respectively, then these two immune indicators were stable. The plasma total antioxidant capacity was significantly enhanced in G2 through G4 but not in G1. In addition, after 7 days challenge test, the cumulative mortality of shrimp each treatment group was significantly lower than that of control, and order of the cumulative mortality rate was G4
引文
[1] Wang T., Sun Y., Jin L., Xu Y., Wang L., Ren T. & Wang K. Enhancement of non-specific immune response in sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) by Astragalus membranaceus and its polysaccharides[J]. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2009, 27:757-762.
[2] Greco W.R., Bravo G. & Parsons J.C. The search for synergy: a critical review from a response surface perspective[J]. Pharmacological Reviews, 1995, 47:331-385.
[3] Chou T.C. Theoretical basis, experimental design, and computerized simulation of synergism and antagonism in drug combination studies[J]. Pharmacological Reviews, 2006, 58:621-681.
[4] Cokol M., Chua H.N., Tasan M., Mutlu B., Weinstein Z.B., Suzuki Y., Nergiz M.E., Costanzo M., Baryshnikova A., Giaever G., Nislow C., Myers C.L., Andrews B.J., Boone C. & Roth F. Systematic exploration of synergistic drug pairs[J]. Molecular Systems Biology, 2011, 7:1015-1037.
[5] Bulfon C., Volpatti D. & Galeotti M. Current research on the use of plant-derived products in farmed fish[J]. Aquaculture Research, 2015, 46:513-551.
[6] 孔令梅. 黄芪的免疫调节作用[J]. 内蒙古医学杂志, 2007, 39(1):73-74.
[7] 尚晓迪 & 贾磊. 绿原酸在水产饲料中的研究进展[J]. 科学养鱼, 2015, 7: 69-69.
[8] 向枭 & 周兴华. 大蒜素在水产动物营养中的作用[J]. 兽药与饲料添加剂, 2000, 2:15-16.
[9] Liu M. Extraction of chlorogenic acid from Flos Lonicerae by one-step- method and antimicrobial abilities of chlorogenic acid[J]. Chemical World, 2005, 3:167-169.
[10] Liu B., Xie J., Ge X., Xu P., Wang A., He Y. & Chen, R. Effects of anthraquinone extract from Rheum officinale Bail on the growth performance and physiological responses of Macrobrachium rosenbergii under high temperature stress[J]. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2010, 29:49-57.
[11] Chand R.K., Sahoo P.K., Kumari J., Pillai B.R. & Mishra B.K. Dietary administration of bovine lactoferrin influences the immune ability of the giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man) and its resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila infection and nitrite stress[J]. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2006, 21:119-129.
[12] Hultmark, D., STEINER, H., Rasmuson, T., & Boman, H. G. Insect immunity. Purification and properties of three inducible bactericidal proteins from hemolymph of immunized pupae of Hyalophora cecropia[J]. European Journal of Biochemistry, 1980, 106(1):7-16.
[13] 袁玉荪, 朱婉华 & 陈钧辉. 生物化学实验.北京:高等教育出版社, 1988, 217-223.
[14] Vazquez L., Alpuche J., Maldonado G., Agundis C., Pereyra-Morales A. & Zenteno E. Review: immunity mechanisms in crustaceans[J]. Innate immunity, 2009, 15:179-188.
[15] Harikrishnan R., Balasundaram C., Jawahar S. & Heo M.S. Solanum nigrum enhancement of the immune response and disease resistance of tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon against Vibrio harveyi[J]. Aquaculture, 2011, 318:67-73.
[16] Chang Y.P., Liu C.H., Wu C.C., Chiang C.M., Lian J.L. & Hsieh S.L. Dietary administration of zingerone to enhance growth, non specific immune response, and resistance to Vibrio alginolyticus in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) juveniles[J]. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2012, 32:284-290.
[17] Wang, Y., Li, Z., Li, J., Duan, Y. F., Niu, J., Wang, J. & Lin, H. Z. Effects of dietary chlorogenic acid on growth performance, antioxidant capacity of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei under normal condition and combined stress of low-salinity and nitrite[J]. Fish & shellfish immunology, 2015.43: 337-345.
[18] Sahu S., Das B.K., Mishra B.K., Pradhan J., Samal S.K. & Sarangi N. Effect of dietary Curcuma longa on enzymatic and immunological profiles of rohu, Labeo rohita (Ham.), infected with Aeromonas hydrophila[J]. Aquacuture Research, 2008, 39:1720-1730.
[19] Wang T., Sun Y., Jin L., Xu Y., Wang L., Ren T. & Wang K. Enhancement of non-specific immune response in sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) by Astragalus membranaceus and its polysaccharides[J]. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2009, 27:757-762.
[20] Larrey D. Hepatotoxicity of herbal remedies[J]. Journal of Hepatology, 1997, 26:47-51.
[21] Stedman C. Herbal hepatotoxicity. In: Seminars in liver disease, 2002, pp. 195-206. Thieme Medical Publishers, New York, USA.
[22] Ji H., Cao F.Y. & Yu H.M. Effects of dietary baicalein on the health condition and growth performance in Cyprinus carpio[J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural University, 2008, 35:535-539.
[23] Qi Q., Liu X.Y., Liu H.B. Zhang Y., Zhang Y.W., Zhang H.Y., Peng X. & Sun D.J. Effect of Chinese medicinal herb compound on serum biochemical indicator of Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baeri)[J]. Journal of Northeast Agricultural University, 2012, 43:134-138.
[24] 曲亚玲, 袁莉刚, 钱续, 何玉琴, & 黄布敏.中草药复合添加剂对虹鳟鱼增重及肝功能和结构的影响[J]. 中国兽医科学, 2012, 42:865-869.
[2] Greco W.R., Bravo G. & Parsons J.C. The search for synergy: a critical review from a response surface perspective[J]. Pharmacological Reviews, 1995, 47:331-385.
[3] Chou T.C. Theoretical basis, experimental design, and computerized simulation of synergism and antagonism in drug combination studies[J]. Pharmacological Reviews, 2006, 58:621-681.
[4] Cokol M., Chua H.N., Tasan M., Mutlu B., Weinstein Z.B., Suzuki Y., Nergiz M.E., Costanzo M., Baryshnikova A., Giaever G., Nislow C., Myers C.L., Andrews B.J., Boone C. & Roth F. Systematic exploration of synergistic drug pairs[J]. Molecular Systems Biology, 2011, 7:1015-1037.
[5] Bulfon C., Volpatti D. & Galeotti M. Current research on the use of plant-derived products in farmed fish[J]. Aquaculture Research, 2015, 46:513-551.
[6] 孔令梅. 黄芪的免疫调节作用[J]. 内蒙古医学杂志, 2007, 39(1):73-74.
[7] 尚晓迪 & 贾磊. 绿原酸在水产饲料中的研究进展[J]. 科学养鱼, 2015, 7: 69-69.
[8] 向枭 & 周兴华. 大蒜素在水产动物营养中的作用[J]. 兽药与饲料添加剂, 2000, 2:15-16.
[9] Liu M. Extraction of chlorogenic acid from Flos Lonicerae by one-step- method and antimicrobial abilities of chlorogenic acid[J]. Chemical World, 2005, 3:167-169.
[10] Liu B., Xie J., Ge X., Xu P., Wang A., He Y. & Chen, R. Effects of anthraquinone extract from Rheum officinale Bail on the growth performance and physiological responses of Macrobrachium rosenbergii under high temperature stress[J]. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2010, 29:49-57.
[11] Chand R.K., Sahoo P.K., Kumari J., Pillai B.R. & Mishra B.K. Dietary administration of bovine lactoferrin influences the immune ability of the giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man) and its resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila infection and nitrite stress[J]. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2006, 21:119-129.
[12] Hultmark, D., STEINER, H., Rasmuson, T., & Boman, H. G. Insect immunity. Purification and properties of three inducible bactericidal proteins from hemolymph of immunized pupae of Hyalophora cecropia[J]. European Journal of Biochemistry, 1980, 106(1):7-16.
[13] 袁玉荪, 朱婉华 & 陈钧辉. 生物化学实验.北京:高等教育出版社, 1988, 217-223.
[14] Vazquez L., Alpuche J., Maldonado G., Agundis C., Pereyra-Morales A. & Zenteno E. Review: immunity mechanisms in crustaceans[J]. Innate immunity, 2009, 15:179-188.
[15] Harikrishnan R., Balasundaram C., Jawahar S. & Heo M.S. Solanum nigrum enhancement of the immune response and disease resistance of tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon against Vibrio harveyi[J]. Aquaculture, 2011, 318:67-73.
[16] Chang Y.P., Liu C.H., Wu C.C., Chiang C.M., Lian J.L. & Hsieh S.L. Dietary administration of zingerone to enhance growth, non specific immune response, and resistance to Vibrio alginolyticus in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) juveniles[J]. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2012, 32:284-290.
[17] Wang, Y., Li, Z., Li, J., Duan, Y. F., Niu, J., Wang, J. & Lin, H. Z. Effects of dietary chlorogenic acid on growth performance, antioxidant capacity of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei under normal condition and combined stress of low-salinity and nitrite[J]. Fish & shellfish immunology, 2015.43: 337-345.
[18] Sahu S., Das B.K., Mishra B.K., Pradhan J., Samal S.K. & Sarangi N. Effect of dietary Curcuma longa on enzymatic and immunological profiles of rohu, Labeo rohita (Ham.), infected with Aeromonas hydrophila[J]. Aquacuture Research, 2008, 39:1720-1730.
[19] Wang T., Sun Y., Jin L., Xu Y., Wang L., Ren T. & Wang K. Enhancement of non-specific immune response in sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) by Astragalus membranaceus and its polysaccharides[J]. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2009, 27:757-762.
[20] Larrey D. Hepatotoxicity of herbal remedies[J]. Journal of Hepatology, 1997, 26:47-51.
[21] Stedman C. Herbal hepatotoxicity. In: Seminars in liver disease, 2002, pp. 195-206. Thieme Medical Publishers, New York, USA.
[22] Ji H., Cao F.Y. & Yu H.M. Effects of dietary baicalein on the health condition and growth performance in Cyprinus carpio[J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural University, 2008, 35:535-539.
[23] Qi Q., Liu X.Y., Liu H.B. Zhang Y., Zhang Y.W., Zhang H.Y., Peng X. & Sun D.J. Effect of Chinese medicinal herb compound on serum biochemical indicator of Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baeri)[J]. Journal of Northeast Agricultural University, 2012, 43:134-138.
[24] 曲亚玲, 袁莉刚, 钱续, 何玉琴, & 黄布敏.中草药复合添加剂对虹鳟鱼增重及肝功能和结构的影响[J]. 中国兽医科学, 2012, 42:865-869.
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