基于最小累积阻力模型的采煤塌陷区生态恢复潜力研究——以徐州市为例
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摘要
采煤塌陷区是煤炭城市发展中的历史遗留问题地区,它影响城市空间格局、威胁城市生态系统,但其也是适宜城市生态用地建设的充足后备资源。以徐州市为例,采用最小累积阻力模型(MCR),以土地类型、距生态红线距离、植被覆盖、坡度、高程、交通作为阻力因子生成阻力面,模拟城市空间扩展和生态用地扩展竞合过程,确定采煤塌陷地适合恢复城市生态用地的后备空间,同时确定生态潜力等级。结果显示:徐州市采煤塌陷区有96.32km~2的土地适于恢复为城市生态用地,其中可作为高等级生态保障用地的范围主要分布在贾汪片区、董庄片区,在今后城市规划中应对这两个采煤塌陷区的生态建设给予高度关注。
The coal mining subsidence area is a historical problem area in the development of coal cities. It affects the urban spatial pattern and threatens the urban ecosystem. However, it is also a sufficient reserve resource suitable for urban ecological land construction. Taking Xuzhou city as an example, using the minimum cumulative resistance(MCR) model, the resistance surface is generated by land type, distance from ecological red line, vegetation cover, slope, elevation, and traffic, simulating urban spatial expansion and ecological land expansion and competition process. It is determined that the coal mining subsidence area is suitable for restoring the reserve space of the urban ecological land, and at the same time determining the ecological potential level. The results show that 96.32 km~2 of land in Xuzhou mining subsidence area is suitable for restoration to urban ecological land. The scope of high-grade ecological security land is mainly distributed in Jiawang area and Dongzhuang area, and this should be dealt with in future urban planning.The ecological construction of the two coal mining subsidence areas has been highly concerned.
The coal mining subsidence area is a historical problem area in the development of coal cities. It affects the urban spatial pattern and threatens the urban ecosystem. However, it is also a sufficient reserve resource suitable for urban ecological land construction. Taking Xuzhou city as an example, using the minimum cumulative resistance(MCR) model, the resistance surface is generated by land type, distance from ecological red line, vegetation cover, slope, elevation, and traffic, simulating urban spatial expansion and ecological land expansion and competition process. It is determined that the coal mining subsidence area is suitable for restoring the reserve space of the urban ecological land, and at the same time determining the ecological potential level. The results show that 96.32 km~2 of land in Xuzhou mining subsidence area is suitable for restoration to urban ecological land. The scope of high-grade ecological security land is mainly distributed in Jiawang area and Dongzhuang area, and this should be dealt with in future urban planning.The ecological construction of the two coal mining subsidence areas has been highly concerned.
引文
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[2]Knaapen J P, Scheffer M, Harms B.Estimating habitat isolation in landscape planning[J]. Landscape&Urban Planning.1992, 23(1):1-16.
[3]Ray N, Burgman M A. Subjective uncertainties in habitat suitability maps[J]. Ecological Modelling, 2006, 195(3):172-186.
[4]Yu K. Security patterns and surface model in landscape ecological planning[J].Landscape&Urban Planning, 1996, 36(1):1-17.
[5]常斌.张丽娟.宋建军,等.平顶山市生态服务功能重要性评价研究[J].环境科学与管理,2014.39(6):173-176.
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[7]冯姗姗,常江.矿业废弃地:完善绿色基础设施的契机[J].中国园林,2017,33(5):24-28.
[8]何丹,金凤君,周璟.资源型城市建设用地适宜性评价研究:以济宁市大运河生态经济区为例[J].地理研究,2011,30(4):655-666.
[9]李健飞,李林,郭泺,等.基于最小累积阻力模型的珠海市生态适宜性评价[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(1):225-232.
[10]李咏华.生态视角下的城市增长边界划定方法:以杭州市为例[J].城市规划,2011,35(12):83-90.
[11]刘加林,李素桃,李晚芳,等.西部生态脆弱区生态保护红线划定与生态安全格局耦合问题探析[J].青海社会科学,2016(6):64-68.
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[15]裴丹.绿色基础设施构建方法研究述评[J].城市规划,2012(5):84-90.
[16]邵新娟,张永福.陈文倩,等.基于最小累计阻力的农村居民点整治优化研究[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(3):309-313.
[17]苏泳娴,张虹鸥,陈修治,等.佛山市高明区生态安全格局和建设用地扩展预案[J].生态学报,2013,33(5):1524-1534.
[18]王成新,万军,于雷,等.基于生态网络格局的城市生态保护红线优化研究:以青岛市为例[J].中国人口·资源与环境.2017(S1):9-14.
[19]王甫园,王开泳,陈田,等.城市生态空间研究进展与展望[J].地理科学进展,2017,36(2):207-218.
[20]王海,赵华甫,吴克宁.门头沟产业转型背景下采煤塌陷土地开发利用模式和战略[J].现代城市研究,2014(3):10-15.
[21]王莹,李道亮.煤矿废弃地植被恢复潜力评价模型[J].中国农业大学学报,2005,10(2):88-92.
[22]吴春华,胡远满.黄培泉,等.基于最小阻力模型阜新市城市及农村居民点适宜性评价研究[J].资源科学,2013,35(12):2405-2411.
[23]杨君.王洪涛.龙固煤矿首采区土地利用动态规划及生产性景观的营造[J].现代城市研究,2016(8):79-85.
[24]杨天荣,匡文慧.刘卫东,等.基于生态安全格局的关中城市群生态空间结构优化布局[J].地理研究,2017,36(3):441-452.
[25]叶玉瑶,苏泳娴,张虹鸥,等.生态阻力面模型构建及其在城市扩展模拟中的应用[J].地理学报,2014,69(4):485-496.
[26]俞孔坚.景观生态战略点识别方法与理论地理学的表面模型[J].地理学报,1998,65(S1):11-18.
[27]张继平,乔青,刘春兰,等.基于最小累积阻力模型的北京市生态用地规划研究[J].生态学报,2017,37(19):6313-6321.
[28]张有坤,樊杰.基于生态系统稳定目标下的城市空间增长上限研究:以北京市为例[J].经济地理,2012,32(6):53-58.
[29]赵志威,王冬艳,李红,等.基于城镇扩展适宜性的城镇建设用地保障研究:以长春市为例[J].经济地理,2017,37(7):175-184.
[30]钟式玉,吴箐,李宇,等.基于最小累积阻力模型的城镇土地空间重构:以广州市新塘镇为例[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(11):3173-3179.
[31]周锐,王新军,苏海龙,等.基于生态安全格局的城市增长边界划定:以平顶山新区为例[J].城市规划学刊,2014(4):57-63.
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