桑树修复农田镉和铅的土壤微环境特征分析
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摘要
在江西某矿区周边重金属污染农田上栽植桑树,栽植3年后,分析桑园土壤中重金属含量、重金属各形态含量分布、土壤微生物分布、土壤酶活性。分析结果表明:栽植桑树3年后,农田土壤Cd和Pb的修复指数达到96.87%和81.93%,含量分别为0.38 mg/kg和107.63 mg/kg。且重金属Cd和Pb均主要是富集在桑树根部。桑树不同部位中的Cd和Pb含量分布都表现为夏季含量最高,其次为春季,随后为秋季,最低为冬季。土壤中的Cd和Pb均存在金属可交换态、碳酸盐结合态、金属残渣态、Fe-Mn氧化物结合态、有机质结合态,分别以可交换态Cd和残渣态Pb作为主要形态分布。同时土壤中Pb和Cd各化学形态含量与土壤中微生物群落分布、土壤理化特征以及酶活性具有显著相关性。研究结果表明桑树修复矿区重金属过程中土壤微环境同步变化和改善,桑树栽植3年后,该矿区土壤环境质量达到三级标准。
Mulberry trees were planted on heavy metal contaminated farmland around a mining area in Jiangxi Province. After 3 years, the contents of heavy metals, the distribution of various forms of heavy metals, the soil microbial distribution and the soil enzyme activities of the farmland were analyzed. The results showed that the remediation index of Cd and Pb reached 96.87% and 81.93%, respectively, and their content were 0.38 and107.63 mg/kg, respectively. The Cd and Pb were mainly concentrated in the roots of mulberry. The highest content of Cd and Pb in different parts of the mulberry trees were found in summer, followed by spring and autumn, and the lowest content was in winter. The exchangeable metal state, carbonate bound state, metal residue state, Fe-Mn oxide bound state and organic matter bound state of Cd and Pb in soil were all could be detected. Exchangeable Cd and residual Pb were the main forms. At the same time, the chemical forms of Pb and Cd in soil were significantly correlated with the distribution of microbial communities, soil physical and chemical characteristics and enzyme activities. The results showed that the soil microenvironment could be changed and improved synchronously during the process of phytoremediation by mulberry trees in the mining area. After three years of mulberry planting, the quality of the soil environment in the mining area reached the third grade standard.
Mulberry trees were planted on heavy metal contaminated farmland around a mining area in Jiangxi Province. After 3 years, the contents of heavy metals, the distribution of various forms of heavy metals, the soil microbial distribution and the soil enzyme activities of the farmland were analyzed. The results showed that the remediation index of Cd and Pb reached 96.87% and 81.93%, respectively, and their content were 0.38 and107.63 mg/kg, respectively. The Cd and Pb were mainly concentrated in the roots of mulberry. The highest content of Cd and Pb in different parts of the mulberry trees were found in summer, followed by spring and autumn, and the lowest content was in winter. The exchangeable metal state, carbonate bound state, metal residue state, Fe-Mn oxide bound state and organic matter bound state of Cd and Pb in soil were all could be detected. Exchangeable Cd and residual Pb were the main forms. At the same time, the chemical forms of Pb and Cd in soil were significantly correlated with the distribution of microbial communities, soil physical and chemical characteristics and enzyme activities. The results showed that the soil microenvironment could be changed and improved synchronously during the process of phytoremediation by mulberry trees in the mining area. After three years of mulberry planting, the quality of the soil environment in the mining area reached the third grade standard.
引文
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[2]李元,魏巧,祖艳群.氮肥对小花南芥生物量、生理和Pb、Zn累积特征的影响[A].农业环境与生态安全—第五届全国农业环境科学学术研讨会论文集[C].2013:42-49.
[3]谢志宜,陈能场.缓释微胶囊EDTA强化玉米提取土壤中铅铜的效应研究[J].生态环境学报,2012,21(6):1125-1130.
[4]徐宁,俞燕芳,毛平生,等.桑树修复土壤重金属污染的研究进展[J].农学学报,2015,5(1):37-40.
[5]佘玮,揭雨成,刑虎成,等.湖南石门、冷水江、浏阳3个矿区的苎麻重金属含量及累积特征[J].生态学报,2011,31(3):0874-0881.
[6]赵平.浅谈蚕种场桑树树体管理[J].蚕学通讯,2004,24(4):34,40.
[7]张丁辰,蔡典雄,代快,等.旱地农田两种土壤呼吸测定方法的比较[J].中国土壤与肥料,2011(4):29.
[8]许光辉,郑洪元.土壤微生物分析方法手册[M].北京:农业出版社,1986.
[9]关松荫.土壤酶及其研究法[M].北京:农业出版社,1986.
[10]张兴,王冶,揭雨成,等.桑树对矿区土壤中重金属的原位去除效应研究[J].中国农学通报,2012,5:59-63.
[11]张英.桑叶、桑枝和桑根皮中金属元素的形态分析[D].南京:江苏科技大学,2016.
[12]于辉,向言词,邹冬生.重金属不同积累型植物品种的根际生态效应分析[J].生态科学,2016,35(4):199-204.
[13] Li X D, Shen Z G, Wai-Onyx W H, et al. Chemical forms of Pb, Zn and Cu in the sediment profiles of the Pearl River Estuary[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2001,42(3):215-223.
[14] Chodak M, Go??biewski M, Morawska-P?oskonka J, et al. Diversity of microorganisms from forest soils differently polluted with heavy metals[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2013,64:7-14.
[15] Abdu N, Abdullahi A A, Abdulkadir A. Heavy metals and soil microbes J].Environmental Chemistry Letters,2016,15(1):1-20.
[16] Caporale A G, Violantea A. Chemical Processes Affecting the Mobility of Heavy Metals and Metalloids in Soil Environments[J].Current Pollution Reports,2016,2(1):15-27.
[17] Wang C, Li W, Guo M X, et al. Ecological risk assessment on heavy metals in soils:Use of soil diffuse reflectance mid-infrared Fourier-transform spectroscopy[J].Scientific Reports,2017,7:40709.
[18]张雪晴,张琴,程园园,等.铜矿重金属污染对土壤微生物群落多样性和酶活力的影响[J].生态环境学报,2016,25(3):517-522.
[19] Huang D, Liu L, Zeng G, et al. The effects of rice straw biochar on indigenous microbial community and enzymes activity in heavy metal-contaminated sediment[J].Chemosphere,2017,174:545-553.
[20] Yang J, Liu J, Dynes J J, et al. Speciation and distribution of copper in a mining soil using multiple synchrotrobased bulk and microscopic techniques[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2014,21:2943-2954.
[21] Hu M, Li F, Liu C, et al. The diversity and abundance of As oxidizers on root iron plaque is critical for arsenic bioavailability to rice[J].Scientific Reports,2015,5:13611.
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