长期氮添加对东北地区兴安落叶松人工林土壤酶的影响
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摘要
全球氮沉降持续增加导致的氮沉降量上升,已成为森林中物质循环的重要生态因子。为探讨氮沉降增加对东北地区兴安落叶松人工林土壤酶的影响,对长期人工添加无机氮(NH_4NO_3)和未添加无机氮的兴安落叶松人工林土壤酶活性进行了比较分析。实验分为2个处理,分别为对照处理(CK:0 kg·N·hm~(-2)·a~(-1))和无机氮处理(IN:10 kg·N·hm~(-2)·a~(-1)),每个处理含3个重复。结果表明,在连续8年添加无机氮的情况下,β-1,4-糖苷酶(BG)、酸性磷酸酶(AP)和过氧化物酶(PER)活性上升(5. 56%、8. 66%和0. 61%);纤维素二糖水解酶(CBH)、亮氨酸氨基肽酶(LAP)和多酚氧化酶(POX)活性下降(10. 71%、3. 85%和12. 30%)。与之相对应的土壤碳、氮和磷元素含量也有变化(0. 80%、12. 66%和-2. 25%)。因此,在氮沉降量逐年增加的情况下,研究土壤酶活性变化,能更好的解释森林生态系统物质循环特性,理解生物地球物质循环机理并预测未来土壤碳库变化。
The increase of nitrogen deposition hadbecame a significant ecological factor effecting the material cycle in forest. We examined the effects of nitrogen deposition on soil enzyme activities in inorganic nitrogen addition and control plots in Larix gmelinii( Rupr.) Rupr. plantation,in northeast China. The experiment was divided into two treatment groups,one was control treatment( CK: 0 kg · N · hm~(-2)·a~(-1)) and another was inorganic nitrogen treatment( IN: 10 kg·N·hm~(-2)·a~(-1)). Each treatment included 3 replicate plots. Over 8 years of inorganic nitrogen addition,our results showed that N fertilization increased the activities of β-1,4-glucosidase( BG),acid phosphatase( AP),and peroxidase( PER)( 5. 56%,8. 66% and 0. 61%) while reduced the activities of cellobiohydrolase( CBH),leucine aminopeptidase( LAP) and phenol oxidases( POX)( 10. 71%,3. 85% and 12. 30%). The long-term inorganic nitrogen addition treatment had a significant effect on soil enzyme activity and soil carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus cycles( 0. 80%,12. 66% and -2. 25%).Therefore,it is important to include the soil enzyme activity when studying the response of biogeochemical cycle and soil carbon dynamics to climate changein forest ecosystems in future research,while nitrogen deposition increases year by year.
The increase of nitrogen deposition hadbecame a significant ecological factor effecting the material cycle in forest. We examined the effects of nitrogen deposition on soil enzyme activities in inorganic nitrogen addition and control plots in Larix gmelinii( Rupr.) Rupr. plantation,in northeast China. The experiment was divided into two treatment groups,one was control treatment( CK: 0 kg · N · hm~(-2)·a~(-1)) and another was inorganic nitrogen treatment( IN: 10 kg·N·hm~(-2)·a~(-1)). Each treatment included 3 replicate plots. Over 8 years of inorganic nitrogen addition,our results showed that N fertilization increased the activities of β-1,4-glucosidase( BG),acid phosphatase( AP),and peroxidase( PER)( 5. 56%,8. 66% and 0. 61%) while reduced the activities of cellobiohydrolase( CBH),leucine aminopeptidase( LAP) and phenol oxidases( POX)( 10. 71%,3. 85% and 12. 30%). The long-term inorganic nitrogen addition treatment had a significant effect on soil enzyme activity and soil carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus cycles( 0. 80%,12. 66% and -2. 25%).Therefore,it is important to include the soil enzyme activity when studying the response of biogeochemical cycle and soil carbon dynamics to climate changein forest ecosystems in future research,while nitrogen deposition increases year by year.
引文
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4 .顾峰雪,黄玫,张远东,等. 1961~2010年中国区域氮沉降时空格局模拟研究[J].生态学报,2016,36(12):3591-3600.Gu F X,Huang M,Zhang Y D,et al. Modeling the temporal-spatial patterns of atmospheric nitrogen deposition in Chinaduring 1961-2010[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016,36(12):3591-3600.
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7 .张玉兰,陈振华,马星竹,等.潮棕壤稻田不同氮磷肥配施对土壤酶活性及生产力的影响[J].土壤通报,2008,39(3):518-523.Zhang Y L,Chen Z H,Ma X Z,et al. Response of soil enzymes to different amount N and P fertilizers in rice ecosystems of meadow brown soil[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2008,39(3):518-523.
8 . Driscoll C T,Driscoll K M,Mitchell M J,et al. Effects of acidic deposition on forest and aquatic ecosystems in New York State[J]. Environmental Pollution,2003,123(3):327-336.
9 . Sinsabaugh R L,Gallo M E,Lauber C,et al. Extracellular enzyme activities and soil organic matter dynamics for northern hardwood forests receiving simulated nitrogen deposition[J]. Biogeochemistry,2005,75(2):201-215.
10 .李志安,邹碧,丁永祯,等.森林凋落物分解重要影响因子及其研究进展[J].生态学杂志,2004,23(6):77-83.Li Z A,Zou B,Ding Y Z,et al. Key factors of forest litter decomposition and research progress[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology,2004,23(6):77-83.
11 .涂利华,胡红玲,胡庭兴,等.模拟氮沉降对华西雨屏区光皮桦林土壤酶活性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(8):2129-2134.Tu L H,Hu H L,Hu T X,et al. Effects of simulated nitrogen deposition on soil enzymeactivities in a Betula luminifera plantation in Rainy Area of West China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2012,23(8):2129-2134.
12 . Gupta V V S R,Germida J J. Distribution of microbial biomass and its activity in different soil aggregate size classes as affected by cultivation[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1988,20(6):777-786.
13 .宋学贵,胡庭兴,鲜骏仁,等.川南天然常绿阔叶林土壤酶活性特征及其对模拟N沉降的响应[J].生态学报,2009,29(3):1234-1240.Song X G,Hu T X,Xian J R,et al. Soil enzyme activities and its response to simulated nitrogen deposition in an evergreen broad-leaved forest,southern Sichuan[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2009,29(3):1234-1240.
14 . Waldrop M P,Zak D R,Sinsabaugh R L. Microbial community response to nitrogen deposition in northern forest ecosystems[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2004,36(9):1443-1451.
15 . Saiya-Cork K R,Sinsabaugh R L,Zak D R. The effects of long term nitrogen deposition on extracellular enzyme activity in an Acer saccharum forest soil[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2002,34(9):1309-1315.
16 . Carreiro M M,Sinsabaugh R L,Repert D A,et al. Microbial enzyme shifts explain litter decay responses to simulated nitrogen deposition[J]. Ecology,2000,81(9):2359-2365.
17 . Awad Y M,Lee S S,Kim K H,et al. Carbon and nitrogen mineralization and enzyme activities in soil aggregate-size classes:effects of biochar,oyster shells,and polymers[J].Chemosphere,2018,198:40-48.
18 . Sinsabaugh R L,Lauber C L,Weintraub M N,et al. Stoichiometry of soil enzyme activity at global scale[J]. Ecology Letters,2008,11(11):1252-1264.
19 . Srebotnik E,Jensen K A,Kawai S,et al. Evidence that Ceriporiopsis subvermispora degrades nonphenolic lignin structures by a one-electron-oxidation mechanism[J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology,1997,63(11):4435-4440.
20 .关松荫.土壤酶及其研究法[M].北京:农业出版社,1986.Guan S M. Soil enzymes and research methods[M]. Beijing:Agricultural Press,1986.
21 . Ajwa H A,Dell C J,Rice C W. Changes in enzyme activities and microbial biomass of tallgrass prairie soil as related to burning and nitrogen fertilization[J]. Soil Biologyand Biochemistry,1999,31(5):769-777.
22 .张玉兰,陈利军,张丽莉.土壤质量的酶学指标研究[J].土壤通报,2005,36(4):598-604.Zhang Y L,Chen L J,Zhang L L. Enzymological indicators of soil quality[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2005,36(4):598-604.
23 . Sinsabaugh R L. Phenol oxidase,peroxidase and organic matter dynamics of soil[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2010,42(3):391-404.
24 .黄玉梓.模拟氮沉降对杉木人工林碳库及其化学机理的影响[D].福州:福建农林大学,2009:102-107.Huang Y Z. Impacts of simulated nitrogen deposition on carbon pool and its chemical mechanism in the Chinese fir plantation[D]. Fuzhou:Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,2009:102-107.
25 . Pregitzer K S,Burton A J,Zak D R,et al. Simulated chronic nitrogen deposition increases carbon storage in Northern Temperate forests[J]. Global Change Biology,2008,14(1):142-153.
2 . Aber J,Mcdowell W,Nadelhoffer K,et al. Nitrogen saturation in temperate forest ecosystems:hypotheses revisited[J]. Bioscience,1998,48(11):921-934.
3 .李媛媛,王正文,孙涛.氮添加对温带森林细根长期分解的影响[J].植物研究,2017,37(6):848-854.Li Y Y,Wang Z W,Sun T. Response of fine root decomposition to long-term nitrogen addition in the temperate forest[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research,2017,37(6):848-854.
4 .顾峰雪,黄玫,张远东,等. 1961~2010年中国区域氮沉降时空格局模拟研究[J].生态学报,2016,36(12):3591-3600.Gu F X,Huang M,Zhang Y D,et al. Modeling the temporal-spatial patterns of atmospheric nitrogen deposition in Chinaduring 1961-2010[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016,36(12):3591-3600.
5 . Keeler B L,Hobbie S E,Kellogg L E. Effects of long-term nitrogen addition on microbial enzyme activity in eight forested and grassland sites:implications for litter and soil organic matter decomposition[J]. Ecosystems,2009,12(1):1-15.
6 .涂利华,胡庭兴,张健,等.华西雨屏区苦竹林土壤酶活性对模拟氮沉降的响应[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(12):2943-2948.Tu L H,Hu T X,Zhang J,et al. Soil enzyme activities in a Pleioblastus amurus plantation in Rainy Area of West China under simulated nitrogen deposition[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2009,20(12):2943-2948.
7 .张玉兰,陈振华,马星竹,等.潮棕壤稻田不同氮磷肥配施对土壤酶活性及生产力的影响[J].土壤通报,2008,39(3):518-523.Zhang Y L,Chen Z H,Ma X Z,et al. Response of soil enzymes to different amount N and P fertilizers in rice ecosystems of meadow brown soil[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2008,39(3):518-523.
8 . Driscoll C T,Driscoll K M,Mitchell M J,et al. Effects of acidic deposition on forest and aquatic ecosystems in New York State[J]. Environmental Pollution,2003,123(3):327-336.
9 . Sinsabaugh R L,Gallo M E,Lauber C,et al. Extracellular enzyme activities and soil organic matter dynamics for northern hardwood forests receiving simulated nitrogen deposition[J]. Biogeochemistry,2005,75(2):201-215.
10 .李志安,邹碧,丁永祯,等.森林凋落物分解重要影响因子及其研究进展[J].生态学杂志,2004,23(6):77-83.Li Z A,Zou B,Ding Y Z,et al. Key factors of forest litter decomposition and research progress[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology,2004,23(6):77-83.
11 .涂利华,胡红玲,胡庭兴,等.模拟氮沉降对华西雨屏区光皮桦林土壤酶活性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(8):2129-2134.Tu L H,Hu H L,Hu T X,et al. Effects of simulated nitrogen deposition on soil enzymeactivities in a Betula luminifera plantation in Rainy Area of West China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2012,23(8):2129-2134.
12 . Gupta V V S R,Germida J J. Distribution of microbial biomass and its activity in different soil aggregate size classes as affected by cultivation[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1988,20(6):777-786.
13 .宋学贵,胡庭兴,鲜骏仁,等.川南天然常绿阔叶林土壤酶活性特征及其对模拟N沉降的响应[J].生态学报,2009,29(3):1234-1240.Song X G,Hu T X,Xian J R,et al. Soil enzyme activities and its response to simulated nitrogen deposition in an evergreen broad-leaved forest,southern Sichuan[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2009,29(3):1234-1240.
14 . Waldrop M P,Zak D R,Sinsabaugh R L. Microbial community response to nitrogen deposition in northern forest ecosystems[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2004,36(9):1443-1451.
15 . Saiya-Cork K R,Sinsabaugh R L,Zak D R. The effects of long term nitrogen deposition on extracellular enzyme activity in an Acer saccharum forest soil[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2002,34(9):1309-1315.
16 . Carreiro M M,Sinsabaugh R L,Repert D A,et al. Microbial enzyme shifts explain litter decay responses to simulated nitrogen deposition[J]. Ecology,2000,81(9):2359-2365.
17 . Awad Y M,Lee S S,Kim K H,et al. Carbon and nitrogen mineralization and enzyme activities in soil aggregate-size classes:effects of biochar,oyster shells,and polymers[J].Chemosphere,2018,198:40-48.
18 . Sinsabaugh R L,Lauber C L,Weintraub M N,et al. Stoichiometry of soil enzyme activity at global scale[J]. Ecology Letters,2008,11(11):1252-1264.
19 . Srebotnik E,Jensen K A,Kawai S,et al. Evidence that Ceriporiopsis subvermispora degrades nonphenolic lignin structures by a one-electron-oxidation mechanism[J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology,1997,63(11):4435-4440.
20 .关松荫.土壤酶及其研究法[M].北京:农业出版社,1986.Guan S M. Soil enzymes and research methods[M]. Beijing:Agricultural Press,1986.
21 . Ajwa H A,Dell C J,Rice C W. Changes in enzyme activities and microbial biomass of tallgrass prairie soil as related to burning and nitrogen fertilization[J]. Soil Biologyand Biochemistry,1999,31(5):769-777.
22 .张玉兰,陈利军,张丽莉.土壤质量的酶学指标研究[J].土壤通报,2005,36(4):598-604.Zhang Y L,Chen L J,Zhang L L. Enzymological indicators of soil quality[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2005,36(4):598-604.
23 . Sinsabaugh R L. Phenol oxidase,peroxidase and organic matter dynamics of soil[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2010,42(3):391-404.
24 .黄玉梓.模拟氮沉降对杉木人工林碳库及其化学机理的影响[D].福州:福建农林大学,2009:102-107.Huang Y Z. Impacts of simulated nitrogen deposition on carbon pool and its chemical mechanism in the Chinese fir plantation[D]. Fuzhou:Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,2009:102-107.
25 . Pregitzer K S,Burton A J,Zak D R,et al. Simulated chronic nitrogen deposition increases carbon storage in Northern Temperate forests[J]. Global Change Biology,2008,14(1):142-153.
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