武川地区春玉米生长季水热资源和安全播期变化特征
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摘要
气候变化背景下我国玉米种植界限北移且气象灾害频发。为给内蒙古武川地区在合理调整品种布局和优化利用农业气候资源上提供科学参考,本研究利用武川地区1961-2018年逐日气象观测数据,对该地区春玉米生长季水热资源和安全播期变化特征进行分析。研究结果表明:武川地区稳定通过10℃的持续日数为99～156d,≥10℃的活动积温值为2051.4℃·d,并以66.0℃·d·(10a)~(-1)的速率显著增加,5、9月活动积温稳定性较差。春玉米始播期显著提前、最迟播期显著推迟,各年代可播种成熟的年份数增加。全生长季降水量为299.8mm,5月降水量年际波动较大,8月降水量显著减少。玉米全生长季中旱灾达到"十年七旱",8月干旱灾害不断加重。
Under the background of climate change, China's corn planting boundaries have moved northward and meteorological disasters have occurred move frequently.In order to provide a scientific reference for rationally adjusting the variety layout and optimizing the utilization of agricultural climate resources in Wuchuan, Inner Mongolia, this study used the daily meteorological observation data of 1961-2018 in Wuchuan area to research the variation characteristics of hydrothermal resources and safe sowing date of the spring maize growing season.The results show that the stable duration at 10 ℃ in Wuchuan area is between 99 and 156 days, and the active accumulated temperature(≥ 10 ℃) is2051.4℃ ·d, which increases significantly at the rate of 66.0℃ ·d·(10 a)-1; the stability of active accumulated temperature in May and September is not ideal.The initial sowing date of spring maize is significantly advanced while the latest sowing date is significantly delayed, and the number of years in which sowing maturity in each decade increases. The precipitation in the whole growing season is 299.8 mm. The precipitation in May fluctuates greatly, and the precipitation in August decreases significantly. The drought disaster in the whole growing season of maize has reached "seven droughts in ten years", and the drought disaster has been aggravated continuously in August.
Under the background of climate change, China's corn planting boundaries have moved northward and meteorological disasters have occurred move frequently.In order to provide a scientific reference for rationally adjusting the variety layout and optimizing the utilization of agricultural climate resources in Wuchuan, Inner Mongolia, this study used the daily meteorological observation data of 1961-2018 in Wuchuan area to research the variation characteristics of hydrothermal resources and safe sowing date of the spring maize growing season.The results show that the stable duration at 10 ℃ in Wuchuan area is between 99 and 156 days, and the active accumulated temperature(≥ 10 ℃) is2051.4℃ ·d, which increases significantly at the rate of 66.0℃ ·d·(10 a)-1; the stability of active accumulated temperature in May and September is not ideal.The initial sowing date of spring maize is significantly advanced while the latest sowing date is significantly delayed, and the number of years in which sowing maturity in each decade increases. The precipitation in the whole growing season is 299.8 mm. The precipitation in May fluctuates greatly, and the precipitation in August decreases significantly. The drought disaster in the whole growing season of maize has reached "seven droughts in ten years", and the drought disaster has been aggravated continuously in August.
引文
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[16]程满金,郑大玮,张建新,等.半干旱地区集雨旱作节水农业技术集成总体模式研究[J].节水灌溉,2007,(3):1-5,9.
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[2] Alexandrov VA,Hoogenboom G.Vulnerability and adaptation assessments of agricultural crops under climate change in the southeastern USA[J].Theoretical and Applied Climatology,2000,67:45-63.
[3]赵名茶.CO2倍增对我国自然地域分异及农业生产潜力的影响预测[J].自然资源学报,1995,10(2):148-158.
[4]陈兆波,董文,霍治国,等.中国农业应对气候变化关键技术研究进展及发展方向[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(15):3097-3104.
[5]徐斌,辛晓平,唐华俊,等.气候变化对我国农业地理分布的影响及其对策[J].地理科学进展,1999,18(4):316-321.
[6]孙福在,赵廷昌,牟丰盛,等.生防菌和药剂除冰核细菌防御玉米霜冻研究[J].自然灾害学报,2003,(4):115-119.
[7]钟秀丽.近20年来霜冻害的发生与防御研究进展[J].中国农业气象，2003,24(1):4-6.
[8]刘志娟,杨晓光,王文峰,等.全球气候变暖对中国种植制度可能影响Ⅳ.未来气候变暖对东北三省春玉米种植北界的可能影响[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(11):2280-2291.
[9]高可华.内蒙古阴山北部地区玉米种植的农业气候区划[D].北京：中国农业大学,1990
[10]杨晶,潘学标.阴山北麓农牧交错带农业气候及其变化特征——以武川县为例[J].内蒙古气象,2008,(4):3-5.
[11]曲曼丽.农业气候实习指导[M].北京:北京农业大学出版社,1990.
[12]国家气候中心、中国气象科学研究院、国家气象中心等.GB/T20481-2006，气象干旱等级标准[S]．北京:中国标准出版社，2006:9-13.
[13]施能,陈家其,屠其璞.中国近100年来4个年代际的气候变化特征[J].气象学报,1995,53(4):431-439.
[14]杨镇.东北玉米[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2007.
[15]米娜,纪瑞鹏,张玉书,等.辽宁省玉米适宜播种期的热量资源分析[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(18):329-334.
[16]程满金,郑大玮,张建新,等.半干旱地区集雨旱作节水农业技术集成总体模式研究[J].节水灌溉,2007,(3):1-5,9.
[17] Zhou L,Jin S,Liu C,et al.Ridge-furrow and plastic-mulching tillage enhances maize–soil interactions:Opportunities and challenges in a semiarid agroecosystem[J].Field Crops Research,2012,126(1):181-188.
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