不同酸化剂对石灰性土壤pH值、磷有效性的影响
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摘要
以滴灌方式通过少量多次向土壤施用酸化剂,研究不同酸化剂对石灰性土壤的酸化效果及对玉米磷吸收的影响,以期为提高石灰性土壤的磷素有效性提供理论依据。试验设置对照及两种酸化剂(磷酸脲,硫酸铵+氯甲基吡啶),酸化剂投入量相当于P2O5=60或120 kg/hm~2的等价酸,共计5个处理。施用酸化剂显著降低局部土壤pH值,磷酸脲的作用最佳,土壤pH值最大降幅为0.11个单位,同时也显著提高土壤有效磷含量;在等养分投入和管理水平下,施用酸化剂能增加玉米植株的生物量,提高植株的磷素累积量,且与对照相比,120 kg/hm~2的硫酸铵+氯甲基吡啶处理的玉米产量提高了8.3%。滴灌条件硫酸铵+氯甲基吡啶的酸化效果优于磷酸脲,且高酸化剂量土壤酸化强度较大。滴灌条件下施用酸化剂或酸性肥料是提高石灰性土壤养分有效性和作物增产的一种有效方法。
In this paper,acidification agent was applied to soil by drip irrigation,and the acidification effects of different acidifiers on calcareous soils and their effects on phosphorus uptake of maize were studied to provide a theoretical basis for improving the phosphorus availability of calcareous soil.The test was set up with five treatments,including two acidifiers(urea phosphate,ammonium sulfate+chloromethyl pyridine)and a check treatment,and the amount of acidifier was corresponded to equivalent acid of P2 O5=60 or 120 kg/hm~2.The application of acidifier significantly decreased the local soil pH,and the effect of urea phosphate was the best.The maximum decrease of soil pH was 0.11 units,and the available phosphorus content of the soil was also significantly increased.Under the condition of identical nutrient input and management,the application of acidifier increased the biomass and the phosphorus accumulation of corn plants,and the yield of 120 kg/hm~2 ammonium sulfate+chloropyridine-treated corn increased by 8.3% compared with the control.Under the drip irrigation condition,the acidification effect of ammonium sulfate+chloromethylpyridine was better than that of urea phosphate,and the acidification intensity of the soil with high acidification dosage was stronger.The application of acidifiers or acid fertilizers under drip irrigation is an effective method to improve the nutrient availability and crop yield in calcareous soils.
In this paper,acidification agent was applied to soil by drip irrigation,and the acidification effects of different acidifiers on calcareous soils and their effects on phosphorus uptake of maize were studied to provide a theoretical basis for improving the phosphorus availability of calcareous soil.The test was set up with five treatments,including two acidifiers(urea phosphate,ammonium sulfate+chloromethyl pyridine)and a check treatment,and the amount of acidifier was corresponded to equivalent acid of P2 O5=60 or 120 kg/hm~2.The application of acidifier significantly decreased the local soil pH,and the effect of urea phosphate was the best.The maximum decrease of soil pH was 0.11 units,and the available phosphorus content of the soil was also significantly increased.Under the condition of identical nutrient input and management,the application of acidifier increased the biomass and the phosphorus accumulation of corn plants,and the yield of 120 kg/hm~2 ammonium sulfate+chloropyridine-treated corn increased by 8.3% compared with the control.Under the drip irrigation condition,the acidification effect of ammonium sulfate+chloromethylpyridine was better than that of urea phosphate,and the acidification intensity of the soil with high acidification dosage was stronger.The application of acidifiers or acid fertilizers under drip irrigation is an effective method to improve the nutrient availability and crop yield in calcareous soils.
引文
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[7]李燕婷,白灯莎·买买提艾力,张福锁,等.酸性根际肥对石灰性土壤pH和铁有效性的影响研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2003,9(3):312-316.
[8]李久生,张建君,薛克宗.滴灌施肥灌溉原理与应用[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2003.
[9]麻玮青,范兴科.玉米滴灌过程中施肥时段对氮肥利用效率的影响研究[J].节水灌溉,2018,(1):14-18.
[10]赵红华.滴灌条件下土壤酸化对石灰性土壤磷锌有效性影响及其生物效应[D].石河子:石河子大学,2015.
[11]肖艳,张怀文,王克武,等.柠檬酸对土壤养分的活化及对作物吸收Fe、P的影响[J].生态环境,2004,13(4):638-640.
[12]黄致华,王娟,李言言,等.复配酸化对滴灌条件下石灰性土壤pH、磷有效性及玉米吸收的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2017,54(4):660-666.
[13]Wissuwa M.How do plants achieve tolerance to phosphorus deficiency?small causes with big effects[J].Plant Physiology,2003,133(4):47-58.
[14]张红伟.玉米耐低磷的种质资源评价及耐低磷的遗传基础研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2014.
[15]Abrams M M,Jarrell W M.Soil phosphorus as a potential nonpoint source for elevated stream phosphorus levels[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,1995,24(1):132-138.
[16]Marschner H.Mineral nutrition in higher plants[M].London:Academic Press,1995.
[17]汪吉东,戚冰洁,张永春,等.长期施肥对砂壤质石灰性潮土土壤酸碱缓冲体系的影响[J].应用生态学报,2012,(4):1031-1036.
[18]赵青云,邢诒彰,林兴军,等.施用咖啡果皮对咖啡幼苗生长及土壤理化性状的影响[J].热带农业科学,2017,37(8):54-59.
[19]Khorsandi F.Sulfuric acid effects on iron and phosphorus availability in two calcareous soils[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition,1994,17(9):1611-1623.
[20]张莉,王婧,逄焕成.碱胁迫下磷酸脲降低土壤pH值促进菠菜生长[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(2):148-154.
[21]刘键,杜建卫,张卫星.磷酸脲对膜下滴灌棉花品质和产量的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2006,(4):37-39.
[22]汪以,王裕中,陈怀谷.酸性肥料对小麦全蚀病的影响[J].江苏农业科学,1996,(5):37-38.
[23]马红红,张敏娜,马兴旺,等.施用硫酸铵对饲料玉米养分吸收和产量构成的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2017,54(8):1429-1436.
[24]杨玉珍.膜下滴灌加工番茄优化施肥方法的研究[D].石河子:石河子大学,2016.
[2]梁美英,卜玉山,张广峰,等.石灰性土壤吸磷差异及其与土壤性质的关系[J].山西农业科学,2011,39(6):564-571.
[3]姚晓芹,马文奇,楚建周.磷酸对石灰性土壤pH及微量元素有效性的影响[J].土壤肥料,2005,(2):14-16,20.
[4]张书捷,张新疆,王娟,等.施用土壤酸化剂和调整播期防治膜下滴灌水稻苗期缺铁黄化的效果研究[J].中国水稻科学,2015,29(5):519-527.
[5]Thomson C J,Marschner H,Romheld V.Effect of nitrogen fertilizer form on pH of the bulk soil and rhizosphere,and on the growth,phosphorus,and micronutrient uptake of bean[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition,1993,16(3):493-506.
[6]赵红华,危常州,侯建伟,等.滴灌下酸性物质对石灰性土壤磷有效性及作物吸收的影响[J].土壤,2015,45(5):847-852.
[7]李燕婷,白灯莎·买买提艾力,张福锁,等.酸性根际肥对石灰性土壤pH和铁有效性的影响研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2003,9(3):312-316.
[8]李久生,张建君,薛克宗.滴灌施肥灌溉原理与应用[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2003.
[9]麻玮青,范兴科.玉米滴灌过程中施肥时段对氮肥利用效率的影响研究[J].节水灌溉,2018,(1):14-18.
[10]赵红华.滴灌条件下土壤酸化对石灰性土壤磷锌有效性影响及其生物效应[D].石河子:石河子大学,2015.
[11]肖艳,张怀文,王克武,等.柠檬酸对土壤养分的活化及对作物吸收Fe、P的影响[J].生态环境,2004,13(4):638-640.
[12]黄致华,王娟,李言言,等.复配酸化对滴灌条件下石灰性土壤pH、磷有效性及玉米吸收的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2017,54(4):660-666.
[13]Wissuwa M.How do plants achieve tolerance to phosphorus deficiency?small causes with big effects[J].Plant Physiology,2003,133(4):47-58.
[14]张红伟.玉米耐低磷的种质资源评价及耐低磷的遗传基础研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2014.
[15]Abrams M M,Jarrell W M.Soil phosphorus as a potential nonpoint source for elevated stream phosphorus levels[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,1995,24(1):132-138.
[16]Marschner H.Mineral nutrition in higher plants[M].London:Academic Press,1995.
[17]汪吉东,戚冰洁,张永春,等.长期施肥对砂壤质石灰性潮土土壤酸碱缓冲体系的影响[J].应用生态学报,2012,(4):1031-1036.
[18]赵青云,邢诒彰,林兴军,等.施用咖啡果皮对咖啡幼苗生长及土壤理化性状的影响[J].热带农业科学,2017,37(8):54-59.
[19]Khorsandi F.Sulfuric acid effects on iron and phosphorus availability in two calcareous soils[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition,1994,17(9):1611-1623.
[20]张莉,王婧,逄焕成.碱胁迫下磷酸脲降低土壤pH值促进菠菜生长[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(2):148-154.
[21]刘键,杜建卫,张卫星.磷酸脲对膜下滴灌棉花品质和产量的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2006,(4):37-39.
[22]汪以,王裕中,陈怀谷.酸性肥料对小麦全蚀病的影响[J].江苏农业科学,1996,(5):37-38.
[23]马红红,张敏娜,马兴旺,等.施用硫酸铵对饲料玉米养分吸收和产量构成的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2017,54(8):1429-1436.
[24]杨玉珍.膜下滴灌加工番茄优化施肥方法的研究[D].石河子:石河子大学,2016.
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