丛枝菌根强化型生态浮床处理煤化工模拟含盐废水
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摘要
针对缺乏经济有效的中低盐废水脱盐技术问题,本试验利用丛枝菌根(AM)真菌增强植物抗盐胁迫能力,搭建AM强化型生态浮床,既探索新的中低盐废水处理技术,又解决普通浮床植物耐盐胁迫能力差、除盐效率低的问题.结果表明,AM真菌(Glomus etunicatum)与浮床植物美人蕉(Canna indica L.)建立了良好的共生关系,且侵染不受盐胁迫的影响.接种AM真菌提高了生态浮床处理含盐废水的能力,21 d内TDS、COD、TN和TP的去除率分别达到了36. 1%、74. 4%、57. 6%和59. 1%,比未接种AM真菌的普通生态浮床分别提高了79. 2%、36. 4%、32. 7%和37. 6%.从具体盐离子来看,21 d内水体中Na、K、Ca和Mg离子的去除率分别达到了34. 4%、61. 3%、57. 4%和51. 9%,相比未接种AM真菌的普通生态浮床分别提高了11. 4%、37. 1%、18. 3%和24. 6%.从植物对盐的吸收来看,AM的存在促进了美人蕉对Na离子的吸收和向地上部的转移,这可能是AM强化型生态浮床功能得到提升的主要原因之一.本研究表明AM真菌可增强生态浮床修复水体污染的能力,提高脱盐效率.
For the problem that few technologies can be directly used to treat wastewater with middle and low salt,in this study,arbuscular mycorrhizal( AM) fungi were used to enhance the tolerance of wetland plants to salt stress. Ecological floating beds( EFBs)enhanced with AM fungi were constructed to explore a new technology as well as to treat wastewater with low and medium salt content,but also to overcome the low tolerance to salt stress and low salt removal by EFB plants. Results showed that canna plants( Canna indica L.) were well colonized by AM fungi( Glomus etunicatum) and the mycorrhizal colonization rate was not affected by salt stress.Inoculation with AM fungi enhanced the ability of the EFBs to treat saline wastewater. After treatment by EFB with AM for 21 d,removal rates of total dissolved solids( TDS),chemical oxygen demand( COD),total nitrogen( TN),and total phosphorus( TP)were 36. 1%,74. 4%,57. 6%,and 59. 1%,respectively,which were higher by 79. 2%,36. 4%,32. 7%,and 37. 6% over those with treatment by EFB without AM,respectively. Removal rates of Na,K,Ca,and Mg were 34. 4%,61. 3%,57. 4%,and 51. 9%after 21 d of treatment by EFB with AM,which were higher by 11. 4%,37. 1%,18. 3%,and 24. 6%,respectively,than removal rates with treatment by EFB without AM,respectively. Plant sample analysis showed that AM increased the Na uptake of plants and Na transportation from root to shoot,and this may be the reason that AM enhanced the ability of the EFBs to treat saline wastewater. This study indicated that AM fungi can be used to improve the ability of EFB to remedy water pollution and increase salt removal efficiency.
For the problem that few technologies can be directly used to treat wastewater with middle and low salt,in this study,arbuscular mycorrhizal( AM) fungi were used to enhance the tolerance of wetland plants to salt stress. Ecological floating beds( EFBs)enhanced with AM fungi were constructed to explore a new technology as well as to treat wastewater with low and medium salt content,but also to overcome the low tolerance to salt stress and low salt removal by EFB plants. Results showed that canna plants( Canna indica L.) were well colonized by AM fungi( Glomus etunicatum) and the mycorrhizal colonization rate was not affected by salt stress.Inoculation with AM fungi enhanced the ability of the EFBs to treat saline wastewater. After treatment by EFB with AM for 21 d,removal rates of total dissolved solids( TDS),chemical oxygen demand( COD),total nitrogen( TN),and total phosphorus( TP)were 36. 1%,74. 4%,57. 6%,and 59. 1%,respectively,which were higher by 79. 2%,36. 4%,32. 7%,and 37. 6% over those with treatment by EFB without AM,respectively. Removal rates of Na,K,Ca,and Mg were 34. 4%,61. 3%,57. 4%,and 51. 9%after 21 d of treatment by EFB with AM,which were higher by 11. 4%,37. 1%,18. 3%,and 24. 6%,respectively,than removal rates with treatment by EFB without AM,respectively. Plant sample analysis showed that AM increased the Na uptake of plants and Na transportation from root to shoot,and this may be the reason that AM enhanced the ability of the EFBs to treat saline wastewater. This study indicated that AM fungi can be used to improve the ability of EFB to remedy water pollution and increase salt removal efficiency.
引文
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[9] Hasan M, Rotich N, John M, et al. Salt recovery from wastewater by air-cooled eutectic freeze crystallization[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2017,326:192-200.
[10] Yeh N,Yeh P,Chang Y H. Artificial floating islands for environmental improvement[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2015,47:616-622.
[11]陈智.微曝气强化生态浮床对污水中重金属Cu的去除效果研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2015.Chen Z. Study on the decontamination performance of heavy metal-Cu in sewage by the micro-aeration enhanced ecological floating bed[D]. Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2015.
[12] Evelin H,Giri B,Kapoor R. Contribution of Glomus intraradices inoculation to nutrient acquisition and mitigation of ionic imbalance in Na Cl-stressed Trigonella foenum-graecum[J].Mycorrhiza,2012,22(3):203-217.
[13] Asghari H R,Marschner P,Smith S E,et al. Growth response of Atriplex nummularia to inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi at different salinity levels[J]. Plant and Soil,2005,373(1-2):245-256.
[14] Hajiboland R,Aliasgharzadeh N,Laiegh S F,et al. Colonization with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi improves salinity tolerance of tomato(Solanum lycopersicum L.)plants[J]. Plant and Soil,2010,331(1-2):313-327.
[15] Evelin H,Giri B,Kapoor R. Ultrastructural evidence for AMF mediated salt stress mitigation in Trigonella foenum-graecum[J].Mycorrhiza,2013,23(1):71-86.
[16] Manchanda G,Garg N. Alleviation of salt-induced ionic,osmotic and oxidative stresses in Cajanus cajan nodules by AM inoculation[J]. Plant Biosystems,2011,145(1):88-97.
[17] Hajiboland R. Role of arbuscular mycorrhiza in amelioration of salinity[A]. In:Ahmad P, Azooz M M, Prasad M N V(Eds.). Salt Stress in Plants:Signalling, Omics and Adaptations[M]. New York:Springer,2013.
[18]李世阳.芦苇菌根真菌依赖性及其联合环境修复功能研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2010.Li S Y. The reed mycorrhizal fungi dependence and the studies of combinational environmental remediation[D]. Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2010.
[19] Phillips J M,Hayman D S. Improved procedures for clearing roots and staining parasitic and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for rapid assessment of infection[J]. Transaction of the British Mycological Society,1970,55(1):158-161,IN16-IN18.
[20] Wang S G,Feng Z Z,Wang X K,et al. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi alter the response of growth and nutrient uptake of snap bean(Phaseolus vulgaris L.)to O3[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences,2011,23(6):968-974.
[21]国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].(第四版).北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[22] Juniper S,Abbott L. Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas and soil salinity[J]. Mycorrhiza,1993,4(2):45-57.
[23] Hartmond U,Schaesberg N V,Graham J H,et al. Salinity and flooding stress effects on mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal citrus rootstock seedlings[J]. Plant and Soil,1987,104(1):37-43.
[24] Aliasgharzadeh N,Rastin N S,Towfighi H,et al. Occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in saline soils of the Tabriz plain of Iran in relation to some physical and chemical properties of soil[J]. Mycorrhiza,2001,11(3):119-122.
[25] Hashem A,Alqarawi A A,Radhakrishnan R,et al. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi regulate the oxidative system,hormones and ionic equilibrium to trigger salt stress tolerance in Cucumis sativus L.[J]. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences,2018,25(6):1102-1114.
[26] Shekoofeh E,Sepideh H,Roya R. Role of mycorrhizal fungi and salicylic acid in salinity tolerance of Ocimum basilicum resistance to salinity[J]. Journal of Biotechnology,2012,11(9):2223-2235.
[27] Hirrel M C,Gerdemann J W. Improved growth of onion and bell pepper in saline soils by two vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal,1980,44(3):654-655.
[28] Balliu A,Sallaku G,Rewald B. AMF Inoculation enhances growth and improves the nutrient uptake rates of transplanted,salt-stressed tomato seedlings[J]. Sustainability,2015,7(12):15967-15981.
[29] Talaat N B, Shawky B T. Protective effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)plants exposed to salinity[J]. Environmental and Experimental Botany,2014,98:20-31.
[30] Xiao J X,Hu C Y,Chen Y Y,et al. Effects of low magnesium and an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus on the growth,magnesium distribution and photosynthesis of two citrus cultivars[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2014,177:14-20.
[31]朱先灿,宋凤斌.植物菌根共生磷酸盐转运蛋白[J].中国生物工程杂志,2009,29(12):108-113.Zhu X C,Song F B. Advances of study on arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiotic phosphate transporter in plants[J]. China Biotechnology,2009,29(12):108-113.
[32] Evelin H,Kapoor R,Giri B. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in alleviation of salt stress:a review[J]. Annals of Botany,2009,104(7):1263-1280.
[33] Munns R,James R A,Luchli A. Approaches to increasing the salt tolerance of wheat and other cereals[J]. Journal of Experimental Botany,2006,57(5):1025-1043.
[34] Giri B,Kapoor R,Mukerji K G. Improved tolerance of Acacia nilotica to salt stress by arbuscular mycorrhiza, Glomus fasciculatum may be partly related to elevated K/Na ratios in root and shoot tissues[J]. Microbial Ecology,2007,54(4):753-760.
[35] Sharifi M,Ghorbanli M,Ebrahimzadeh H. Improved growth of salinity-stressed soybean after inoculation with salt pre-treated mycorrhizal fungi[J]. Journal of Plant Physiology,2007,164(9):1144-1151.
[36] AugéR M,Toler H D,Saxton A M. Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis and osmotic adjustment in response to Na Cl stress:a meta-analysis[J]. Frontiers in Plant Science,2004,5:562.
[2] Lee Y H, Jeong J Y, Jega J, et al. Preparation and characterization of polymer-carbon composite membranes for the removal of the dissolved salts from dye wastewater[J]. Dyes and Pigments,2008,76(2):372-378.
[3]薛建良,赵东风,李石,等.炼化企业含盐废水处理的研究进展[J].工业水处理,2011,31(7):22-26.Xue J L,Zhao D F,Li S,et al. Study on brine wastewater treatment in refineries[J]. Industrial Water Treatment,2011,31(7):22-26.
[4]代丹,张远,韩雪娇,等.太湖流域污水排放对湖水天然水化学的影响[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(10):3121-3130.Dai D,Zhang Y,Han X J,et al. Impact of sewage discharge on the water chemistry of Lake Taihu[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2015,35(10):3121-3130.
[5]张健,李宝恒,张秀敏,等.利用电导率分析南四湖水质变化状况[J].治淮,2013,(1):70-71.
[6] Feng G X,Zhang Z Y,Wan C Y,et al. Effects of saline water irrigation on soil salinity and yield of summer maize(Zea mays L.)in subsurface drainage system[J]. Agricultural Water Management,2017,193:205-213.
[7] Ramos C,Suárez-Ojeda M E,Carrera J. Biodegradation of a high-strength wastewater containing a mixture of ammonium,aromatic compounds and salts with simultaneous nitritation in an aerobic granular reactor[J]. Process Biochemistry,2016,51(3):399-407.
[8]于德爽,唐佳佳,张军,等.中试SAD-ASBR系统处理含盐废水的启动与工艺特性[J].环境科学,2018,39(6):2740-2747.Yu D S, Tang J J, Zhang J, et al. Start-up and process characteristics of simultaneous ANAMMOX and denitrification(SAD)in a pilot-scale anaerobic sequencing batch reactor(ASBR)[J]. Environmental Science,2018,39(6):2740-2747.
[9] Hasan M, Rotich N, John M, et al. Salt recovery from wastewater by air-cooled eutectic freeze crystallization[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2017,326:192-200.
[10] Yeh N,Yeh P,Chang Y H. Artificial floating islands for environmental improvement[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2015,47:616-622.
[11]陈智.微曝气强化生态浮床对污水中重金属Cu的去除效果研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2015.Chen Z. Study on the decontamination performance of heavy metal-Cu in sewage by the micro-aeration enhanced ecological floating bed[D]. Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2015.
[12] Evelin H,Giri B,Kapoor R. Contribution of Glomus intraradices inoculation to nutrient acquisition and mitigation of ionic imbalance in Na Cl-stressed Trigonella foenum-graecum[J].Mycorrhiza,2012,22(3):203-217.
[13] Asghari H R,Marschner P,Smith S E,et al. Growth response of Atriplex nummularia to inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi at different salinity levels[J]. Plant and Soil,2005,373(1-2):245-256.
[14] Hajiboland R,Aliasgharzadeh N,Laiegh S F,et al. Colonization with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi improves salinity tolerance of tomato(Solanum lycopersicum L.)plants[J]. Plant and Soil,2010,331(1-2):313-327.
[15] Evelin H,Giri B,Kapoor R. Ultrastructural evidence for AMF mediated salt stress mitigation in Trigonella foenum-graecum[J].Mycorrhiza,2013,23(1):71-86.
[16] Manchanda G,Garg N. Alleviation of salt-induced ionic,osmotic and oxidative stresses in Cajanus cajan nodules by AM inoculation[J]. Plant Biosystems,2011,145(1):88-97.
[17] Hajiboland R. Role of arbuscular mycorrhiza in amelioration of salinity[A]. In:Ahmad P, Azooz M M, Prasad M N V(Eds.). Salt Stress in Plants:Signalling, Omics and Adaptations[M]. New York:Springer,2013.
[18]李世阳.芦苇菌根真菌依赖性及其联合环境修复功能研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2010.Li S Y. The reed mycorrhizal fungi dependence and the studies of combinational environmental remediation[D]. Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2010.
[19] Phillips J M,Hayman D S. Improved procedures for clearing roots and staining parasitic and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for rapid assessment of infection[J]. Transaction of the British Mycological Society,1970,55(1):158-161,IN16-IN18.
[20] Wang S G,Feng Z Z,Wang X K,et al. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi alter the response of growth and nutrient uptake of snap bean(Phaseolus vulgaris L.)to O3[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences,2011,23(6):968-974.
[21]国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].(第四版).北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[22] Juniper S,Abbott L. Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas and soil salinity[J]. Mycorrhiza,1993,4(2):45-57.
[23] Hartmond U,Schaesberg N V,Graham J H,et al. Salinity and flooding stress effects on mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal citrus rootstock seedlings[J]. Plant and Soil,1987,104(1):37-43.
[24] Aliasgharzadeh N,Rastin N S,Towfighi H,et al. Occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in saline soils of the Tabriz plain of Iran in relation to some physical and chemical properties of soil[J]. Mycorrhiza,2001,11(3):119-122.
[25] Hashem A,Alqarawi A A,Radhakrishnan R,et al. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi regulate the oxidative system,hormones and ionic equilibrium to trigger salt stress tolerance in Cucumis sativus L.[J]. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences,2018,25(6):1102-1114.
[26] Shekoofeh E,Sepideh H,Roya R. Role of mycorrhizal fungi and salicylic acid in salinity tolerance of Ocimum basilicum resistance to salinity[J]. Journal of Biotechnology,2012,11(9):2223-2235.
[27] Hirrel M C,Gerdemann J W. Improved growth of onion and bell pepper in saline soils by two vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal,1980,44(3):654-655.
[28] Balliu A,Sallaku G,Rewald B. AMF Inoculation enhances growth and improves the nutrient uptake rates of transplanted,salt-stressed tomato seedlings[J]. Sustainability,2015,7(12):15967-15981.
[29] Talaat N B, Shawky B T. Protective effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)plants exposed to salinity[J]. Environmental and Experimental Botany,2014,98:20-31.
[30] Xiao J X,Hu C Y,Chen Y Y,et al. Effects of low magnesium and an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus on the growth,magnesium distribution and photosynthesis of two citrus cultivars[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2014,177:14-20.
[31]朱先灿,宋凤斌.植物菌根共生磷酸盐转运蛋白[J].中国生物工程杂志,2009,29(12):108-113.Zhu X C,Song F B. Advances of study on arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiotic phosphate transporter in plants[J]. China Biotechnology,2009,29(12):108-113.
[32] Evelin H,Kapoor R,Giri B. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in alleviation of salt stress:a review[J]. Annals of Botany,2009,104(7):1263-1280.
[33] Munns R,James R A,Luchli A. Approaches to increasing the salt tolerance of wheat and other cereals[J]. Journal of Experimental Botany,2006,57(5):1025-1043.
[34] Giri B,Kapoor R,Mukerji K G. Improved tolerance of Acacia nilotica to salt stress by arbuscular mycorrhiza, Glomus fasciculatum may be partly related to elevated K/Na ratios in root and shoot tissues[J]. Microbial Ecology,2007,54(4):753-760.
[35] Sharifi M,Ghorbanli M,Ebrahimzadeh H. Improved growth of salinity-stressed soybean after inoculation with salt pre-treated mycorrhizal fungi[J]. Journal of Plant Physiology,2007,164(9):1144-1151.
[36] AugéR M,Toler H D,Saxton A M. Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis and osmotic adjustment in response to Na Cl stress:a meta-analysis[J]. Frontiers in Plant Science,2004,5:562.
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