极端风况下风力机的动态失速研究
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摘要
根据IEC标准与GL准则定义极端风速模型对某1.5 MW的水平轴风力机进行数值模拟计算,研究极端风况下风轮转矩、空气动力系数等的变化规律.研究发现,风力机在非稳态工况下运行时,高风速时风轮的转矩与低风速时风轮的转矩变化规律相比有明显差异,叶根到叶尖产生不同程度的失速.在风速增大和减小的不同过程中,非稳态工况下风轮转矩、升力系数和阻力系数随攻角的变化有显著地差别,叶轮的升力系数和阻力系数的最大值均高于稳态下的系数.
Based on the extreme wind speed model defined by ICE standard and GL criterion, the numerically simulative computation is carried out for a 1.5 MW horizontal-axis wind turbine and the variation rule of rotor by investigation torque and aerodynamic coefficients are investigated under extreme wind condition. It is found that when the turbine operates under unsteady-state condition, the rotor torque at high wind speed will have a remarkable deviation from that at low wind speed and the stall from blade root to tip will take place to a different extent. In the process of increase and decrease of torque, and blade lift and drag coefficients with wind speed under unsteady-state condition, the variation of rotor attack angel of oncoming wind will be apparently different and the maximum of blade lift and drag coefficients will be larger than that under steady-state condition.
Based on the extreme wind speed model defined by ICE standard and GL criterion, the numerically simulative computation is carried out for a 1.5 MW horizontal-axis wind turbine and the variation rule of rotor by investigation torque and aerodynamic coefficients are investigated under extreme wind condition. It is found that when the turbine operates under unsteady-state condition, the rotor torque at high wind speed will have a remarkable deviation from that at low wind speed and the stall from blade root to tip will take place to a different extent. In the process of increase and decrease of torque, and blade lift and drag coefficients with wind speed under unsteady-state condition, the variation of rotor attack angel of oncoming wind will be apparently different and the maximum of blade lift and drag coefficients will be larger than that under steady-state condition.
引文
[1] International Electrotechnical Commission.Wind turbines,part1:design requirements:IEC:61400-1 [S].Geneva:International Electrotechnical Commission,2005.
[2] Germanischer Lloyd.Guideline for the certification of wind turbines:GL 2010 [S].Hamburg:Germanischer Lloyd,2010.
[3] 曹莉,孙文磊,周建星.强阵风条件下风电机组钢-混凝土塔架瞬态响应分析 [J].可再生能源,2015,33(7):83-88.
[4] 李仁年,刘恒,李德顺,等.极端风况下水平轴风力机的非定常气动特性研究 [D].兰州:兰州理工大学,2016.
[5] FERREIRA C S,KUIK G V,BUSSEL G V,et al.Visualization by PIV of dynamic stall on a vertical axis wind turbine [J].Exp Fluids,2009,46:97-108.
[6] LEISHMAN J G.Dynamic stall experiments on the NACA23012 airfoil [J].Experiments in Fluids,1990,9:49-58.
[7] 宋辰瑶,徐国华.旋转翼型非定常动态失速响应的计算 [J].空气动力学学报,2007,25(4):461-467.
[8] 陈旭,郝辉,田杰,等.水平轴风力机翼型动态失速特性的数值研究 [J].太阳能学报,2003,24(6):735-740.
[9] 刘占芳,颜世军,张凯,等.立轴风力机叶片动态失速特性与气动性能分析 [J].太阳能学报,2012,33(2):204-209.
[10] 赵荣珍,芦颉,苏利莹.风力机旋转叶片的刚柔耦合动力学响应特性分析 [J].兰州理工大学学报,2016,42(6):36-42.
[2] Germanischer Lloyd.Guideline for the certification of wind turbines:GL 2010 [S].Hamburg:Germanischer Lloyd,2010.
[3] 曹莉,孙文磊,周建星.强阵风条件下风电机组钢-混凝土塔架瞬态响应分析 [J].可再生能源,2015,33(7):83-88.
[4] 李仁年,刘恒,李德顺,等.极端风况下水平轴风力机的非定常气动特性研究 [D].兰州:兰州理工大学,2016.
[5] FERREIRA C S,KUIK G V,BUSSEL G V,et al.Visualization by PIV of dynamic stall on a vertical axis wind turbine [J].Exp Fluids,2009,46:97-108.
[6] LEISHMAN J G.Dynamic stall experiments on the NACA23012 airfoil [J].Experiments in Fluids,1990,9:49-58.
[7] 宋辰瑶,徐国华.旋转翼型非定常动态失速响应的计算 [J].空气动力学学报,2007,25(4):461-467.
[8] 陈旭,郝辉,田杰,等.水平轴风力机翼型动态失速特性的数值研究 [J].太阳能学报,2003,24(6):735-740.
[9] 刘占芳,颜世军,张凯,等.立轴风力机叶片动态失速特性与气动性能分析 [J].太阳能学报,2012,33(2):204-209.
[10] 赵荣珍,芦颉,苏利莹.风力机旋转叶片的刚柔耦合动力学响应特性分析 [J].兰州理工大学学报,2016,42(6):36-42.
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