山西省沁河流域农村生活污水入河水质研究
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摘要
针对农村生活污水管理的需求,在水生态功能区和水环境控制单元的基础上提出了农村生活污水入河水质核算方法.具体步骤包括:①根据地貌类型、降水蒸发量、植被和土壤类型等指标,进行水生态功能区划分;②在水生态功能分区基础上,结合水文单元和行政区边界,划定水环境控制单元;③对控制单元内的水环境容量进行计算,并调查核算各类污染源污染物排放入河量,然后基于水环境容量和污染物入河量确定农村生活污水污染物排放限值.结果表明,沁河流域可划分为2个一级水生态功能区和7个二级水生态功能区,并划分为15个水环境控制单元.以控制单元内沁河上游水质改善区为例,区域内农村生活污水COD排放限值为134.05 mg·L~(-1),且此标准下河流不满足接纳农村污水进行NH_3-N消减的条件.在以上研究成果基础上,提出了农村生活污水分区分级管理措施建议.
According to the demand of rural sewage management, a calculating method for water quality discharge to river was established in this study based on aquatic ecological function region and water environment control unit. The water quality was determined by follow steps. ①According to geomorphological types, precipitation, evaporation, vegetation and soil types, the aquatic ecological function region was divided. ②Boundary of water environment control unit was identified based on aquatic ecological function region, hydrological unit and administrative area. ③The water environment capacity in the control unit was calculated. After that, the pollutants amount of discharge to river from various sources were investigated respectively. Then the discharge standard of pollutants for rural sewage were calculated. The aquatic ecological functional regions were divided into 2 first-grade regions and 7 second-grade regions, and 15 water environment control units were divided in Qin River valley. Taking the water quality improvement area in the upper reaches of the Qinhe River as an example, the COD emission limit of rural sewage was 134.05 mg·L~(-1), and the river could not meet the requirement of NH_3-N reduction for rural sewage under this standard. Moreover, regionalized management measures for rural sewage were proposed based on the above results.
According to the demand of rural sewage management, a calculating method for water quality discharge to river was established in this study based on aquatic ecological function region and water environment control unit. The water quality was determined by follow steps. ①According to geomorphological types, precipitation, evaporation, vegetation and soil types, the aquatic ecological function region was divided. ②Boundary of water environment control unit was identified based on aquatic ecological function region, hydrological unit and administrative area. ③The water environment capacity in the control unit was calculated. After that, the pollutants amount of discharge to river from various sources were investigated respectively. Then the discharge standard of pollutants for rural sewage were calculated. The aquatic ecological functional regions were divided into 2 first-grade regions and 7 second-grade regions, and 15 water environment control units were divided in Qin River valley. Taking the water quality improvement area in the upper reaches of the Qinhe River as an example, the COD emission limit of rural sewage was 134.05 mg·L~(-1), and the river could not meet the requirement of NH_3-N reduction for rural sewage under this standard. Moreover, regionalized management measures for rural sewage were proposed based on the above results.
引文
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毛光君,杨丽标,晏维金,等.2014.河流污染物输送对巢湖水质影响研究[J].农业环境科学学报,33(1):141-147
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孙小银,周启星,于宏兵,等.2010.中美生态分区及其分级体系比较研究[J].生态学报,30(11):3010-3017
Toyama T,Hanaoka T,Tanaka Y,et al.2018.Comprehensive evaluation of nitrogen removal rate and biomass,ethanol,and methane production yields by combination of four major duckweeds and three types of wastewater effluent[J].Bioresource Technology,250:464-473
王宏岩.2016.基于水生态功能三级分区的浑河生态流量研究[J].水利规划与设计,(11):41-43
吴坤.2015.基于GIS的大通湖流域水环境演变特征及污染总量控制研究[D].长沙:湖南科技大学
尹爱经,薛利红,杨林章,等.2017.生活污水氮磷浓度对水稻生长及氮磷利用的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,36(4):768-776
张倩,苏保林,罗运祥,等.2013.城市水环境控制单元污染物入河量估算方法[J].环境科学学报,33(3):877-884
方玉杰.2015.基于SWTA模型的赣江流域水环境模拟及总量控制研究[D].南昌:南昌大学
付可,胡艳霞,谢建治.2016.基于非点源污染的密云水源保护区水环境容量核算及其分配[J].中国农业资源与区划,37(4):10-17
高喆,曹晓峰,黄艺,等.2015.滇池流域水生态功能一二级分区研究[J].湖泊科学,27(1):175-182
Gong L,Jun L,Yang Q,et al.2012.Biomass characteristics and simultaneous nitrification-denitrification under long sludge retention time in an integrated reactor treating rural domestic sewage[J].Bioresource Technology,119(9):277-284
Gong L,Jun L,Yang Q,et al.2018.Removal of water nutrients by different aquatic plant species:An alternative way to remediate polluted rural rivers[J].Ecological Engineering,110:18-26
郭巾巾.2011.影响松花江流域水生态系统特征的主要约束因子及其空间特性研究[D].天津:南开大学
蒋艳,曾肇,张建永.2015.基于基尼系数的中国水生态分区研究[J].生态学报,35(7):2177-2183
李炳元,潘保田.2008.中国陆地基本地貌类型及其划分指标探讨[J].第四纪研究,28(4):535-543
李芬,孙然好,杨丽蓉,等.2010.基于供需平衡的北京地区水生态服务功能评价[J].应用生态学报,21(5):1146-1152
李艳梅,曾文炉,周启星.2009.水生态功能分区的研究进展[J].应用生态学报,20(12):3101-3108
刘媛媛.2013.基于控制单元的水环境容量核算及分配方案研究[D].南京:南京大学
毛光君,杨丽标,晏维金,等.2014.河流污染物输送对巢湖水质影响研究[J].农业环境科学学报,33(1):141-147
Smyk J,lgnatowicz K.2018.Removal of nitrogen compounds from wastewater in sbr reactors with brenntaplus VP1[J].Journal of Ecological Engineering,19(1):129-135
宋策,李靖,周孝德.2012.基于水生态分区的太子河流域水生态承载力研究[J].西安理工大学学报,28(1):7-11
孙然好,汲玉河,尚林源,等.2013.海河流域水生态功能一级二级分区[J].环境科学,34(2):509-516
孙小银,周启星,于宏兵,等.2010.中美生态分区及其分级体系比较研究[J].生态学报,30(11):3010-3017
Toyama T,Hanaoka T,Tanaka Y,et al.2018.Comprehensive evaluation of nitrogen removal rate and biomass,ethanol,and methane production yields by combination of four major duckweeds and three types of wastewater effluent[J].Bioresource Technology,250:464-473
王宏岩.2016.基于水生态功能三级分区的浑河生态流量研究[J].水利规划与设计,(11):41-43
吴坤.2015.基于GIS的大通湖流域水环境演变特征及污染总量控制研究[D].长沙:湖南科技大学
尹爱经,薛利红,杨林章,等.2017.生活污水氮磷浓度对水稻生长及氮磷利用的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,36(4):768-776
张倩,苏保林,罗运祥,等.2013.城市水环境控制单元污染物入河量估算方法[J].环境科学学报,33(3):877-884
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