早实核桃芽接愈伤形成过程扫描电镜观察
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摘要
为给完善核桃芽接繁育技术提供参考,选用山东地方品种‘鸡爪绵’核桃实生苗为砧木,采用大方块芽接方法嫁接早实核桃品种‘香玲’和‘元林’,利用扫描电镜观测其砧穗组合体愈伤形成和嫁接口愈合过程。结果表明:2个早实核桃品种嫁接愈合过程相似,嫁接后第6天砧穗嫁接体愈合完成。第1天,嫁接口接穗上有愈伤组织细胞产生,同时有少量无机、有机分泌物或晶体;第2天,嫁接口处产生大量愈伤组织细胞,‘香玲’和‘元林’接穗愈伤组织细胞直径分别为17.5～35.0和14.1～33.3μm,‘元林’接穗愈伤细胞数量明显多于‘香玲’;第4天,愈伤细胞延伸分化出明显的愈伤组织,愈伤组织不断分裂;第5天,砧穗愈伤组织相互交叉连接;第6天,接穗和砧木间的维管束已重新连接,嫁接愈合完成。
In order to provide some references for improving bud-grafting techniques of walnut, we used seedlings of 'Jizhaomian' variety from Shandong as rootstocks, grafted early-bearing walnut varieties 'Xiangling' and 'Yuanlin' by using big block bud grafting method, and observed process of callus formation and grafting healing between rootstocks and scions by using scanning electron microscope(SEM). The results showed that grafted union healing processes of the two early-bearing walnut varieties were similar, and their grafted union completed healing on the 6 th day after grafting. On the first day, callus cells occurred in scion, as well as a little inorganic and organic secretions or crystals. On the second day, a large number of callus cells occurred in grafting union. Diameters of callus cell of 'Xiangling' and 'Yuanlin' scions were 17.5-35.0 and 14.1-33.3 μm, respectively. Number of callus cells of 'Yuanlin' walnut scion was significantly more than that of 'Xiangling' walnut. On the forth day, callus cells extended and differentiated into obvious callus, and callus constantly divided. On the fifth day, callus of rootstock and scion were cross-connected. On the sixth day, vascular bundles between scion and rootstock were reconnected, and scions and rootstocks were healed.
In order to provide some references for improving bud-grafting techniques of walnut, we used seedlings of 'Jizhaomian' variety from Shandong as rootstocks, grafted early-bearing walnut varieties 'Xiangling' and 'Yuanlin' by using big block bud grafting method, and observed process of callus formation and grafting healing between rootstocks and scions by using scanning electron microscope(SEM). The results showed that grafted union healing processes of the two early-bearing walnut varieties were similar, and their grafted union completed healing on the 6 th day after grafting. On the first day, callus cells occurred in scion, as well as a little inorganic and organic secretions or crystals. On the second day, a large number of callus cells occurred in grafting union. Diameters of callus cell of 'Xiangling' and 'Yuanlin' scions were 17.5-35.0 and 14.1-33.3 μm, respectively. Number of callus cells of 'Yuanlin' walnut scion was significantly more than that of 'Xiangling' walnut. On the forth day, callus cells extended and differentiated into obvious callus, and callus constantly divided. On the fifth day, callus of rootstock and scion were cross-connected. On the sixth day, vascular bundles between scion and rootstock were reconnected, and scions and rootstocks were healed.
引文
[1]王博.陇南地区两个早实核桃品种在三种栽植密度下光合特性及产量品质差异研究[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2018.
[2]周晓康.5个早实核桃品种在甘肃天水的引种试验[J].中国果树,2017(5):58-60.
[3]苏彦苹,赵爽,王明,等.8个新疆早实核桃优株坚果品质变异分析及综合评价[J].河北农业大学学报,2016,39(3):31-36.
[4]魏玉君,赵书田,孙俊军,等.河南省核桃产业的现状与发展前景[J].河南林业科技,2013,33(2):28-30.
[5]唐贵敏,赵登超,刘丙花,等.4个早实核桃品种嫁接苗成苗质量评价与分析[J].山东农业科学,2018,50(5):51-54.
[6]赵登超,侯立群,刘丙花,等.核桃枝接高效繁育技术方法:砧木移栽室外嫁接法[J].山东林业科技,2017,47(5):76-78.
[7]汤睿,刘静波,刘劲,等.中国核桃嫁接繁殖技术研究进展[J].农学学报,2017,7(8):60-65.
[8]高晓东,刘玉顺,王凤.核桃嫁接育苗方法的研究[J].落叶果树,2015,47(2):8-9.
[9]吕守芳,闫爱玲,吴燕民,等.核桃离体繁殖技术[J].经济林研究,2004,22(1):12-14.
[10]王清民,彭伟秀,张俊佩,等.核桃试管嫩茎生根的形态结构及激素调控研究[J].园艺学报,2006,33(2):255-259.
[11]周贝贝,张俊佩,王伟,等.Fe3+浓度对核桃成熟子叶离体生根培养的影响[J].经济林研究,2011,29(1):124-127.
[12]宁万军,廖康,王国安,等.新疆主栽核桃品种花粉量及花粉形态研究[J].新疆农业科学,2014,51(2):220-226.
[13]吴国良,刘燕,沈元月,等.核桃果皮的组织解剖学研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2005,13(3):104-107.
[14]高英,董宁光,张志宏,等.早实核桃雌花芽分化外部形态与内部结构关系的研究[J].林业科学研究,2010, 23(2):241-245.
[15]邓烈,何绍兰,奚声珂.核桃雌花芽形态分化电镜观察简报[J].落叶果树,1995(4):5-7.
[16]王瀚,王让军,田凤鸣,等.陇南核桃致病性成团泛菌的分离鉴定及其致病性研究[J].福建农业学报,2016,31(10):1086-1090.
[17]田景花,王红霞,张志华,等.低温逆境对不同核桃品种抗氧化系统及超微结构的影响[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(5):1320-1326.
[18]刘传荷,洪健,夏国华,等.山核桃嫁接过程中愈伤反应的细胞学观察[J].林业科学,2009,45(6):34-38,179-180.
[19]黄坚钦,章滨森,陆建伟,等.山核桃嫁接愈合过程的解剖学观察[J].浙江林学院学报,2001,18(2):111-114.
[20]周华,董凤祥,曹炎生,等.核桃子苗砧嫁接及相关生理指标的研究[J].林业科学研究,2007,20(1):53-57.
[21]高本旺.核桃方块芽接愈合体形态特征调查[J].经济林研究,2006,24(2):5-8.
[22]熊新武,李俊南,刘恒鹏,等.10个引种核桃品种嫁接成活率及苗期生长性状研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2015, 35(3):36-42.
[23]郭志伟.我国选育出第一批早实核桃新品种[J].林业科学研究,1990(3):206.
[24]赵登超,王钧毅,侯立群,等.避晚霜核桃新品种元林的选育[J].果树学报,2009,26(3):418-419.
[25]侯立群,王钧毅,赵登超,等.核桃新品种‘元林’[J].园艺学报,2008,35(10):1550.
[26]马贯羊,苗利峰,梁莹,等.洛阳地区避晚霜核桃品种的引进、筛选研究[J].中国园艺文摘,2014,30(12):8-9,12.
[27]周立华.新疆拜城县核桃夏季嫁接技术[J].农业工程技术,2018, 38(29):27.
[28]张晋元,张宏平,姬爱国.园艺植物嫁接过程愈伤组织微观研究进展[J].农业工程,2013,3(6):154-156.
[29] MOORE R. Graft formation in Kalanchoe blossfeldiana[J]. J Exp Bot,1982,33(3):533-540.
[30] MOORE R. Studies of vegetative compatibility-incompatibility in higher plants. IV. The development of tensile strength in a compatible and an incompatible graft[J]. American Journal of Botany,1983,70(2):226-231.
[31]胡艳青,苏媛,韩风叶,等.嫁接黄瓜在愈合过程中的解剖观察和抗氧化酶活性的变化研究[J].内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版),2007,28(3):224-230.
[32] YIN H, BO Y, JING S, et al. Graft-union development:A delicate process that involves cell-cell communication between scion and stock for local auxin accumulation[J]. J Exp Bot, 2012,63(11):4219-4232.
[33]殷昊.植物嫁接体的发育:接口融合过程的时期划分、表达谱分析及相关基因的鉴定[D].兰州:兰州大学,2012.
[34]黄坚钦,方伟,丁雨龙.植物生长调节物质对山核桃嫁接的效用[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2002,26(4):78-80.
[35] GOLDSCHMIDT E E. Plant grafting:New mechanisms,evolutionary implications[J].Front Plant Sci,2014,5(5):727.
[36]冯金玲,杨志坚,陈辉.油茶芽苗砧嫁接口不同发育时期差异蛋白质分析[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(8):2055-2061.
[37]曲云峰,赵忠,彭少兵,等.大扁杏嫁接部位形成层生化物质含量变化研究[J].西北林学院学报,2008,23(2):73-76,153.
[38]赵红玲.葡萄嫁接愈合过程研究及嫁接对葡萄生长发育、产量和品质的影响[D].长春:吉林农业大学,2004.
[2]周晓康.5个早实核桃品种在甘肃天水的引种试验[J].中国果树,2017(5):58-60.
[3]苏彦苹,赵爽,王明,等.8个新疆早实核桃优株坚果品质变异分析及综合评价[J].河北农业大学学报,2016,39(3):31-36.
[4]魏玉君,赵书田,孙俊军,等.河南省核桃产业的现状与发展前景[J].河南林业科技,2013,33(2):28-30.
[5]唐贵敏,赵登超,刘丙花,等.4个早实核桃品种嫁接苗成苗质量评价与分析[J].山东农业科学,2018,50(5):51-54.
[6]赵登超,侯立群,刘丙花,等.核桃枝接高效繁育技术方法:砧木移栽室外嫁接法[J].山东林业科技,2017,47(5):76-78.
[7]汤睿,刘静波,刘劲,等.中国核桃嫁接繁殖技术研究进展[J].农学学报,2017,7(8):60-65.
[8]高晓东,刘玉顺,王凤.核桃嫁接育苗方法的研究[J].落叶果树,2015,47(2):8-9.
[9]吕守芳,闫爱玲,吴燕民,等.核桃离体繁殖技术[J].经济林研究,2004,22(1):12-14.
[10]王清民,彭伟秀,张俊佩,等.核桃试管嫩茎生根的形态结构及激素调控研究[J].园艺学报,2006,33(2):255-259.
[11]周贝贝,张俊佩,王伟,等.Fe3+浓度对核桃成熟子叶离体生根培养的影响[J].经济林研究,2011,29(1):124-127.
[12]宁万军,廖康,王国安,等.新疆主栽核桃品种花粉量及花粉形态研究[J].新疆农业科学,2014,51(2):220-226.
[13]吴国良,刘燕,沈元月,等.核桃果皮的组织解剖学研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2005,13(3):104-107.
[14]高英,董宁光,张志宏,等.早实核桃雌花芽分化外部形态与内部结构关系的研究[J].林业科学研究,2010, 23(2):241-245.
[15]邓烈,何绍兰,奚声珂.核桃雌花芽形态分化电镜观察简报[J].落叶果树,1995(4):5-7.
[16]王瀚,王让军,田凤鸣,等.陇南核桃致病性成团泛菌的分离鉴定及其致病性研究[J].福建农业学报,2016,31(10):1086-1090.
[17]田景花,王红霞,张志华,等.低温逆境对不同核桃品种抗氧化系统及超微结构的影响[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(5):1320-1326.
[18]刘传荷,洪健,夏国华,等.山核桃嫁接过程中愈伤反应的细胞学观察[J].林业科学,2009,45(6):34-38,179-180.
[19]黄坚钦,章滨森,陆建伟,等.山核桃嫁接愈合过程的解剖学观察[J].浙江林学院学报,2001,18(2):111-114.
[20]周华,董凤祥,曹炎生,等.核桃子苗砧嫁接及相关生理指标的研究[J].林业科学研究,2007,20(1):53-57.
[21]高本旺.核桃方块芽接愈合体形态特征调查[J].经济林研究,2006,24(2):5-8.
[22]熊新武,李俊南,刘恒鹏,等.10个引种核桃品种嫁接成活率及苗期生长性状研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2015, 35(3):36-42.
[23]郭志伟.我国选育出第一批早实核桃新品种[J].林业科学研究,1990(3):206.
[24]赵登超,王钧毅,侯立群,等.避晚霜核桃新品种元林的选育[J].果树学报,2009,26(3):418-419.
[25]侯立群,王钧毅,赵登超,等.核桃新品种‘元林’[J].园艺学报,2008,35(10):1550.
[26]马贯羊,苗利峰,梁莹,等.洛阳地区避晚霜核桃品种的引进、筛选研究[J].中国园艺文摘,2014,30(12):8-9,12.
[27]周立华.新疆拜城县核桃夏季嫁接技术[J].农业工程技术,2018, 38(29):27.
[28]张晋元,张宏平,姬爱国.园艺植物嫁接过程愈伤组织微观研究进展[J].农业工程,2013,3(6):154-156.
[29] MOORE R. Graft formation in Kalanchoe blossfeldiana[J]. J Exp Bot,1982,33(3):533-540.
[30] MOORE R. Studies of vegetative compatibility-incompatibility in higher plants. IV. The development of tensile strength in a compatible and an incompatible graft[J]. American Journal of Botany,1983,70(2):226-231.
[31]胡艳青,苏媛,韩风叶,等.嫁接黄瓜在愈合过程中的解剖观察和抗氧化酶活性的变化研究[J].内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版),2007,28(3):224-230.
[32] YIN H, BO Y, JING S, et al. Graft-union development:A delicate process that involves cell-cell communication between scion and stock for local auxin accumulation[J]. J Exp Bot, 2012,63(11):4219-4232.
[33]殷昊.植物嫁接体的发育:接口融合过程的时期划分、表达谱分析及相关基因的鉴定[D].兰州:兰州大学,2012.
[34]黄坚钦,方伟,丁雨龙.植物生长调节物质对山核桃嫁接的效用[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2002,26(4):78-80.
[35] GOLDSCHMIDT E E. Plant grafting:New mechanisms,evolutionary implications[J].Front Plant Sci,2014,5(5):727.
[36]冯金玲,杨志坚,陈辉.油茶芽苗砧嫁接口不同发育时期差异蛋白质分析[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(8):2055-2061.
[37]曲云峰,赵忠,彭少兵,等.大扁杏嫁接部位形成层生化物质含量变化研究[J].西北林学院学报,2008,23(2):73-76,153.
[38]赵红玲.葡萄嫁接愈合过程研究及嫁接对葡萄生长发育、产量和品质的影响[D].长春:吉林农业大学,2004.
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