我国现阶段食品生产监管体制优缺点分析
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摘要
食品生产企业必须依法依规取得食品生产许可证书或登记证后,才可以将产品投入市场流通,且企业在持证时间内需要定期或不定期接受监管部门的检查。本文分析了我国食品生产监管体制改革后的一些优点(如统一了监管部门、改革了发证及日常监管模式、改革了食品安全标准体系、建设食品药品信用体系)和存在的缺点(部门间衔接不够、基层监管人员队伍不稳定、小微企业管理人员食品安全意识不强、监督抽查流于形式、监管尺度难把握等),并就存在的缺点提出了建议(如加强部门间合作、共享信息、丰富日常监管模式、加强企业业务能力指导、变革监督抽查形式、继续细化企业分级将差异化管理落到实处),以期为食品生产监管体制的优化提供参考。
Food production enterprises must obtain food production licenses or registration certificates in accordance with the law before they circulate products in the market, and enterprises need to be regular ly or irregularly inspected by the regulatory authorities during the time of certification. This paper analyzed some advantages(the supervision department has been unified, the certification and daily supervision mode have been reformed, the food safety standard system has been reformed, and the food and drug credit system has been established) and shortcomings(inadequate inter-departmental linkages, unstable grassroots supervisory personnel, weak food safety awareness among small and micro enterprise managers, supervision of spot checks in the form, difficulty in grasping regulatory standards) of China's food production supervision system after reform, and made some suggestions on the shortcoming(strengthening inter-departmental cooperation, sharing information, enriching the daily supervision mode, strengthening the guidance of business capabilities, changing the form of s upervision and spot checks, and continuing to refine the classification of enterprises to implement differentiated management), in order to provide reference for the optimization of food production supervision system.
Food production enterprises must obtain food production licenses or registration certificates in accordance with the law before they circulate products in the market, and enterprises need to be regular ly or irregularly inspected by the regulatory authorities during the time of certification. This paper analyzed some advantages(the supervision department has been unified, the certification and daily supervision mode have been reformed, the food safety standard system has been reformed, and the food and drug credit system has been established) and shortcomings(inadequate inter-departmental linkages, unstable grassroots supervisory personnel, weak food safety awareness among small and micro enterprise managers, supervision of spot checks in the form, difficulty in grasping regulatory standards) of China's food production supervision system after reform, and made some suggestions on the shortcoming(strengthening inter-departmental cooperation, sharing information, enriching the daily supervision mode, strengthening the guidance of business capabilities, changing the form of s upervision and spot checks, and continuing to refine the classification of enterprises to implement differentiated management), in order to provide reference for the optimization of food production supervision system.
引文
[1]中华人民共和国统计局.2018年1~5月份全国规模以上工业企业利润增长16.5%[EB/OL].[2018-6-27].http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/zxfb/201806/t20180627_1606504.html.Statistics Bureau of the People's Republic of China.From January to May2018,the profits of industrial enterprises above designated size increased by 16.5%.[EB/OL].[2018-6-27].http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/zxfb/201806/t20180627_1606504.html.
[2]两部委联合发布《关于促进食品工业健康发展的指导意见》[J].中国标准导报,2017,(2):4-5.The two ministries jointly issued the Guiding opinions on promoting the healthy development of the food industry[J].China Stand Rev,2017,(2):4-5.
[3]吴晓薇.我国食品工业未来十年将破万亿美元[J].上海商业,2018,(2):25.Wu XW.China's food industry will break trillion dollars in the next ten years[J].Shanghai Bus,2018,(2):25.
[4]张媛媛,陈利馥.产业结构升级背景下现代食品工业发展模式研究[J].食品工业,2018,39(3):245-248.Zhang YY,Chen LF.Research on the development model of modern food industry under the background of industrial structure upgrading[J].Food Ind,2018,39(3):245-248.
[5]徐志闵.食品工业与现代物流协同发展研究[J].食品工业,2018,39(8):252-254.Xu ZM.Research on coordinated development of food industry and modern logistics[J].Food Ind,2018,39(8):252-254.
[6]洪魏,史敏,洪小娟,等.食品安全网络舆情中网民微博转发行为影响因素研究-以上海福喜事件为例[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2016,(5):167-176.Hong W,Shi M,Hong XJ,et al.A Study on the influencing factors of netizen's weibo forwarding behavior in food safety network public opinion-Taking Shanghai Fuxi event as an example[J].China Popul Res Environ,2016,(5):167-176.
[7]温州市鹿城区人民法院.温州火锅店涉嫌用废弃油加工“老油”[EB/OL].[2018-12-13].http://www.wzlcfy.gov.cn/art/2017/4/12/art_1224300_6358313.html.Wenzhou Lucheng People's Court.Wenzhou hot pot restaurant is suspected of processing“old oil”with waste oil[EB/OL].[2018-12-13].http://www.wzlcfy.gov.cn/art/2017/4/12/art_1224300_6358313.html.
[8]徐兴利,黄家伟.国家食药监总局"亮剑"治保健[J].食品界,2017,(12):8-15Xu XL,Huang JW.State Food and Drug Administration treat health care[J].Food Ind,2017,(12):8-15
[9]国家食品药品监督管理总局.总局办公厅关于成立食品安全普法宣讲团的通知[EB/OL].[2018-12-13].http://samr.cfda.gov.cn/WS01/CL1605/220792.html State Administration of Food and Drug Administration.Notice of the General Office of the General Administration on the establishment of a food safety law-enforcement publicity group[EB/OL].[2018-12-13].http://samr.cfda.gov.cn/WS01/CL1605/220792.html
[10]国家食品药品监管总局.2017年度食品药品监管统计年报[EB/OL].(2018-4-2)[2018-6-27].http://samr.cfda.gov.cn/WS01/CL0050/227377.html State Administration of Food and Drug Administration.2017 Annual Report on Food and Drug Administration Statistics[EB/OL].[2018-6-27].http://samr.cfda.gov.cn/WS01/CL0050/227377.html
[11]国家食品药品监管总局.2017年食品抽检总体合格率97.6%[J].中国质量与标准导报,2018,(2):7.State Administration of Food and Drug Administration.Overall qualification rate of food sample inspection in 2017 reached 97.6%[J].China Stand Rev,2018,(2):7.
[12]中共中央印发《深化党和国家机构改革方案》[J].党的建设,2018,(4):31-39.The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the Deepening Party and State Institutional Reform Plan[J].Dang De Jianshe,2018,(4):31-39.
[13]人民日报刊文点赞瑞安优化营商环境助力发展[EB/OL].[2018-12-30].http://www.ruian.gov.cn/art/2018/8/14/art_1427993_20340274.html People's Daily sponsored Ruian to optimize business environment and promote development[EB/OL].[2018-12-30].http://www.ruian.gov.cn/art/2018/8/14/art_1427993_20340274.html
[14]浙江省食品药品监督管理局.温州市局率先启动部分食品生产许可权限下放工作[EB/OL].[2018-6-27].http://zw.zjfda.gov.cn/info!new_detail.do?id=46914Zhejiang Food and Drug Administration.Wenzhou city bureau takes the lead in launching partial food production license decentralization work[EB/OL].[2018-6-27].http://zw.zjfda.gov.cn/info!new_detail.do?id=46914
[15]GB19298-2014食品安全国家标准包装饮用水问答[S].GB19298-2014 National food safety standard-Packaging drinking water[S].
[16]食药总局办公厅《关于对税务等领域信用A级食品药品生产经营者实施联合激励的措施》[J].中国食品,2017,(5):171.General Office of the General Administration of Food and Drugs Measures for joint incentives for credit A-Level Food and Drug Manufacturers in tax and other fields[J].China Food,2017,(5):171.
[17]温州市市场监督管理局.温州市市场监督管理局2017年第六期食品生产环节监督抽检信息的公告[EB/OL].[2018-6-27].http://wzmsa.Wenzhou.gov.cn/art/2017/11/29/art_1366267_13518550.html Wenzhou City Market Supervision Administration.Announcement of the supervision and sampling information of the food production link of the sixth phase of the Wenzhou Municipal Market Supervision Administration in 2017.[EB/OL].[2018-6-27].http://wzmsa.wenzhou.gov.cn/art/2017/11/29/art_1366267_13518550.html
[2]两部委联合发布《关于促进食品工业健康发展的指导意见》[J].中国标准导报,2017,(2):4-5.The two ministries jointly issued the Guiding opinions on promoting the healthy development of the food industry[J].China Stand Rev,2017,(2):4-5.
[3]吴晓薇.我国食品工业未来十年将破万亿美元[J].上海商业,2018,(2):25.Wu XW.China's food industry will break trillion dollars in the next ten years[J].Shanghai Bus,2018,(2):25.
[4]张媛媛,陈利馥.产业结构升级背景下现代食品工业发展模式研究[J].食品工业,2018,39(3):245-248.Zhang YY,Chen LF.Research on the development model of modern food industry under the background of industrial structure upgrading[J].Food Ind,2018,39(3):245-248.
[5]徐志闵.食品工业与现代物流协同发展研究[J].食品工业,2018,39(8):252-254.Xu ZM.Research on coordinated development of food industry and modern logistics[J].Food Ind,2018,39(8):252-254.
[6]洪魏,史敏,洪小娟,等.食品安全网络舆情中网民微博转发行为影响因素研究-以上海福喜事件为例[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2016,(5):167-176.Hong W,Shi M,Hong XJ,et al.A Study on the influencing factors of netizen's weibo forwarding behavior in food safety network public opinion-Taking Shanghai Fuxi event as an example[J].China Popul Res Environ,2016,(5):167-176.
[7]温州市鹿城区人民法院.温州火锅店涉嫌用废弃油加工“老油”[EB/OL].[2018-12-13].http://www.wzlcfy.gov.cn/art/2017/4/12/art_1224300_6358313.html.Wenzhou Lucheng People's Court.Wenzhou hot pot restaurant is suspected of processing“old oil”with waste oil[EB/OL].[2018-12-13].http://www.wzlcfy.gov.cn/art/2017/4/12/art_1224300_6358313.html.
[8]徐兴利,黄家伟.国家食药监总局"亮剑"治保健[J].食品界,2017,(12):8-15Xu XL,Huang JW.State Food and Drug Administration treat health care[J].Food Ind,2017,(12):8-15
[9]国家食品药品监督管理总局.总局办公厅关于成立食品安全普法宣讲团的通知[EB/OL].[2018-12-13].http://samr.cfda.gov.cn/WS01/CL1605/220792.html State Administration of Food and Drug Administration.Notice of the General Office of the General Administration on the establishment of a food safety law-enforcement publicity group[EB/OL].[2018-12-13].http://samr.cfda.gov.cn/WS01/CL1605/220792.html
[10]国家食品药品监管总局.2017年度食品药品监管统计年报[EB/OL].(2018-4-2)[2018-6-27].http://samr.cfda.gov.cn/WS01/CL0050/227377.html State Administration of Food and Drug Administration.2017 Annual Report on Food and Drug Administration Statistics[EB/OL].[2018-6-27].http://samr.cfda.gov.cn/WS01/CL0050/227377.html
[11]国家食品药品监管总局.2017年食品抽检总体合格率97.6%[J].中国质量与标准导报,2018,(2):7.State Administration of Food and Drug Administration.Overall qualification rate of food sample inspection in 2017 reached 97.6%[J].China Stand Rev,2018,(2):7.
[12]中共中央印发《深化党和国家机构改革方案》[J].党的建设,2018,(4):31-39.The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the Deepening Party and State Institutional Reform Plan[J].Dang De Jianshe,2018,(4):31-39.
[13]人民日报刊文点赞瑞安优化营商环境助力发展[EB/OL].[2018-12-30].http://www.ruian.gov.cn/art/2018/8/14/art_1427993_20340274.html People's Daily sponsored Ruian to optimize business environment and promote development[EB/OL].[2018-12-30].http://www.ruian.gov.cn/art/2018/8/14/art_1427993_20340274.html
[14]浙江省食品药品监督管理局.温州市局率先启动部分食品生产许可权限下放工作[EB/OL].[2018-6-27].http://zw.zjfda.gov.cn/info!new_detail.do?id=46914Zhejiang Food and Drug Administration.Wenzhou city bureau takes the lead in launching partial food production license decentralization work[EB/OL].[2018-6-27].http://zw.zjfda.gov.cn/info!new_detail.do?id=46914
[15]GB19298-2014食品安全国家标准包装饮用水问答[S].GB19298-2014 National food safety standard-Packaging drinking water[S].
[16]食药总局办公厅《关于对税务等领域信用A级食品药品生产经营者实施联合激励的措施》[J].中国食品,2017,(5):171.General Office of the General Administration of Food and Drugs Measures for joint incentives for credit A-Level Food and Drug Manufacturers in tax and other fields[J].China Food,2017,(5):171.
[17]温州市市场监督管理局.温州市市场监督管理局2017年第六期食品生产环节监督抽检信息的公告[EB/OL].[2018-6-27].http://wzmsa.Wenzhou.gov.cn/art/2017/11/29/art_1366267_13518550.html Wenzhou City Market Supervision Administration.Announcement of the supervision and sampling information of the food production link of the sixth phase of the Wenzhou Municipal Market Supervision Administration in 2017.[EB/OL].[2018-6-27].http://wzmsa.wenzhou.gov.cn/art/2017/11/29/art_1366267_13518550.html
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