家庭农场经营效率及其差异分析——基于山东234个示范家庭农场的调查
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摘要
[目的]文章通过对山东省家庭农场经营效率的实证分析,旨在厘清技术、规模对农场经营效率的促进作用,通过比较分析找出各类型家庭农场短板,针对性地提出政策建议。[方法]以山东234个家庭农场数据为例,运用DEA模型对家庭农场全样本及纯种植、种养结合、种植兼休闲、种养兼休闲4类家庭农场的经营效率进行了测算和分解。[结果]首先,家庭农场综合技术效率仅为0. 170,纯技术效率和规模效率分别为0. 235和0. 786,规模效率相对充分纯技术效率不足是经营效率较低的主要原因;其次,种养结合类农场发展势头较好,纯种植类家庭农场发展滞后且综合技术效率和纯技术效率最低,种养兼休闲类农场的规模效率最低。[结论] 4类农场差异明显,应降低生产技术使用门槛,引导农场主参加职业教育,提升纯种植类农场纯技术效率,同时出台相关政策,实现土地流转的降费提效,改善种养兼休闲类农场规模效率。
Through the empirical analysis of the operation efficiency of family farms in Shandong province,this research aims to clarify the promotion effect of technology and scale on farm operation efficiency,find out the weaknesses of various types of family farms through contrastive analysis,so as to propose policy in a targeted manner. Taking the data of 234 family farms in Shandong province as an example,the DEA model was used to calculate and decompose the operating efficiency of all samples of family farms and the four types of family farms including pure planting,planting and breeding,planting and leisure,breeding and leisure. The results were showed as follows. Firstly,the comprehensive technical efficiency of family farms was only 0. 170,the pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency was 0. 235 and 0. 786,respectively,and the low technical efficiency is the main reason that led to the operating inefficiency; secondly,the planting and breeding farms were booming in trends of development,while the purely planted family farms were showing relatively slow progress,of which the comprehensive technical efficiency and pure technical efficiency were the lowest; the scale efficiency of the breeding and leisure farms were lower than other types of farms,and there were obvious differences among the four kinds of family farms. Therefore,it is necessary to lower the threshold of production technology,guide farmers to participate in vocational education,and improve the pure technical efficiency of purely planted farms. Meanwhile,in order to improve the scale efficiency of planting and leisure farms,relevant policies should be implemented to reduce costs of land transfer and enhance its efficiency.
Through the empirical analysis of the operation efficiency of family farms in Shandong province,this research aims to clarify the promotion effect of technology and scale on farm operation efficiency,find out the weaknesses of various types of family farms through contrastive analysis,so as to propose policy in a targeted manner. Taking the data of 234 family farms in Shandong province as an example,the DEA model was used to calculate and decompose the operating efficiency of all samples of family farms and the four types of family farms including pure planting,planting and breeding,planting and leisure,breeding and leisure. The results were showed as follows. Firstly,the comprehensive technical efficiency of family farms was only 0. 170,the pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency was 0. 235 and 0. 786,respectively,and the low technical efficiency is the main reason that led to the operating inefficiency; secondly,the planting and breeding farms were booming in trends of development,while the purely planted family farms were showing relatively slow progress,of which the comprehensive technical efficiency and pure technical efficiency were the lowest; the scale efficiency of the breeding and leisure farms were lower than other types of farms,and there were obvious differences among the four kinds of family farms. Therefore,it is necessary to lower the threshold of production technology,guide farmers to participate in vocational education,and improve the pure technical efficiency of purely planted farms. Meanwhile,in order to improve the scale efficiency of planting and leisure farms,relevant policies should be implemented to reduce costs of land transfer and enhance its efficiency.
引文
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[5]张悦,刘文勇.家庭农场的生产效率与风险分析.农业经济问题,2016,37(5):16-21,110.
[6]王敏琴,王建华,赵利梅.基于全要素生产率视角的家庭农场创新驱动研究——来自无锡228户家庭农场的经验数据.农村经济,2017(5):32-38.
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[8]高杨,李佩,陆姣.基于发展新理念的粮食类家庭农场成长绩效测评研究.华中农业大学学报(社会科学版),2018(2):63-71,157.
[9]张琛,黄博,孔祥智.家庭农场综合发展水平评价与分析——以全国种植类家庭农场为例.江淮论坛,2017(3):54-60.
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[11]袁梦,易小燕,王恒,等.黑龙江省粮食型家庭农场经营效率与效益比较分析.中国农业资源与区划,2018,39(8):184-190.
[12]赵金国,岳书铭.粮食类家庭农场:规模效率实现及其适度规模界定.东岳论丛,2017,38(4):128-134.
[13] Heltgerg R. Rural Market Imperfections and the Farm Size-productivity Relationship:Evidence From Pakistan. World Development,1998,26(10):1807-1826.
[14]周炜.多元化经营背景下家庭农场水稻生产效率——基于全国农村固定观察点的实证研究.南京农业大学学报(社会科学版),2017,17(5):132-137,155-156.
[15] Helfand S M,Levine E S. Farm size and the determinants of productive efficiency in the Brazilian Center‐West. Agricultural Economics,2004,31(2-3):241-249.
[16] Seckler D,Young R A. Economic and Policy Implications of the 160-Acre Limitation in Federal Reclamation Law. American Journal of Agricultural Economics,1978,60(4):575-588.
[17]陈鸣,刘增金.金融支持对家庭农场经营绩效的影响研究.资源开发与市场,2018,34(6):819-824,867.
[18]孔令成,郑少锋.家庭农场的经营效率及适度规模——基于松江模式的DEA模型分析.西北农林科技大学学报(社会科学版),2016,16(5):107-118.
[19] Charnes A,Cooper W W,Rhodes E. Measuring the efficiency of decision making units. European Journal of Operational Research,1979,2(6):429-444.
[20] Banker R D,Charnes A,Cooper W W. Some Models for Estimating Technical and Scale Inefficiencies in Data Envelopment Analysis.Management Science,1984,30(9):1078-1092.
[21]焦源.山东省农业生产效率评价研究.中国人口·资源与环境,2013,23(12):105-110.
(1)自由向量取值范围为(-∞,+∞),在线性规划中ν0前的符号并不会对目标函数产生影响
[2]韩朝华.个体农户和农业规模化经营:家庭农场理论评述.经济研究,2017,52(7):184-199.
[3]高鸣,习银生,吴比.新型农业经营主体的经营绩效与差异分析——基于农村固定观察点的数据调查.华中农业大学学报(社会科学版),2018(5):10-16,160-161.
[4]王丽霞,常伟.我国家庭农场的全要素生产率及其差异.华南农业大学学报(社会科学版),2017,16(6):20-31.
[5]张悦,刘文勇.家庭农场的生产效率与风险分析.农业经济问题,2016,37(5):16-21,110.
[6]王敏琴,王建华,赵利梅.基于全要素生产率视角的家庭农场创新驱动研究——来自无锡228户家庭农场的经验数据.农村经济,2017(5):32-38.
[7]吴晨.不同农业经营主体生产效率的比较研究.经济纵横,2016(3):46-51.
[8]高杨,李佩,陆姣.基于发展新理念的粮食类家庭农场成长绩效测评研究.华中农业大学学报(社会科学版),2018(2):63-71,157.
[9]张琛,黄博,孔祥智.家庭农场综合发展水平评价与分析——以全国种植类家庭农场为例.江淮论坛,2017(3):54-60.
[10]刘婧,王征兵,张洁.家庭农场的个体差异、要素投入与规模经济研究——基于山西省109家果蔬类家庭农场的实证分析.西部论坛,2017,27(3):14-24.
[11]袁梦,易小燕,王恒,等.黑龙江省粮食型家庭农场经营效率与效益比较分析.中国农业资源与区划,2018,39(8):184-190.
[12]赵金国,岳书铭.粮食类家庭农场:规模效率实现及其适度规模界定.东岳论丛,2017,38(4):128-134.
[13] Heltgerg R. Rural Market Imperfections and the Farm Size-productivity Relationship:Evidence From Pakistan. World Development,1998,26(10):1807-1826.
[14]周炜.多元化经营背景下家庭农场水稻生产效率——基于全国农村固定观察点的实证研究.南京农业大学学报(社会科学版),2017,17(5):132-137,155-156.
[15] Helfand S M,Levine E S. Farm size and the determinants of productive efficiency in the Brazilian Center‐West. Agricultural Economics,2004,31(2-3):241-249.
[16] Seckler D,Young R A. Economic and Policy Implications of the 160-Acre Limitation in Federal Reclamation Law. American Journal of Agricultural Economics,1978,60(4):575-588.
[17]陈鸣,刘增金.金融支持对家庭农场经营绩效的影响研究.资源开发与市场,2018,34(6):819-824,867.
[18]孔令成,郑少锋.家庭农场的经营效率及适度规模——基于松江模式的DEA模型分析.西北农林科技大学学报(社会科学版),2016,16(5):107-118.
[19] Charnes A,Cooper W W,Rhodes E. Measuring the efficiency of decision making units. European Journal of Operational Research,1979,2(6):429-444.
[20] Banker R D,Charnes A,Cooper W W. Some Models for Estimating Technical and Scale Inefficiencies in Data Envelopment Analysis.Management Science,1984,30(9):1078-1092.
[21]焦源.山东省农业生产效率评价研究.中国人口·资源与环境,2013,23(12):105-110.
(1)自由向量取值范围为(-∞,+∞),在线性规划中ν0前的符号并不会对目标函数产生影响
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