高盐废水分质结晶及资源化利用研究进展
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摘要
随着我国国民经济的快速发展以及工业规模的不断扩大,工业用水量与工业废水量也逐年增长,尤其是煤化工、钢铁、医药等行业废水,增长尤为显著。不仅加剧了我国水资源的紧缺状况,众多领域产生的高盐废水也对人类生活环境造成了恶劣影响。由于高盐废水来源广泛且处理技术难度高,如何经济有效地处理高盐废水成为技术瓶颈。目前处理高盐废水的方法主要包括电解法、反渗透法、渗透法、蒸馏法、焚烧法和蒸发结晶法等,但这些方法大多存在处理费用高、运行稳定性差,或者具有二次污染等问题。而分质结晶技术以其能耗低、过程绿色且分盐产品能够实现资源化利用等优势,具有广阔的应用前景。综述了当前常用的高盐废水分质结晶技术,并对其应用状况进行分析与研究,为高盐废水真正实现零排放、分盐产品资源化利用提供研究方向。
With the rapid development of China's national economy and the continuous expansion of industrial scale, the industrial water consumption and industrial wastewater volume have also increased, especially in the coal chemical, steel, pharmaceutical and other industries. This has not only aggravated the shortage of water resources in China, but also adversely affected the human living environment due to the high salinity wastewater generated in many fields. Additionally, how to deal with high salinity wastewater has become a technical bottleneck due to the wide sources of high salinity wastewater and the complexity of the compostions of the wastewater. At present, the methods for treating high salinity wastewater mainly include electrolysis, reverse osmosis, permeation, distillation, incineration, evaporative crystallization, etc. But most of these methods have high processing costs, poor operational stability, or secondary pollution problems. The fractional crystallization technology has broad application prospects because of its low energy consumption, green process and salt-distributing products. In this paper, the commonly used high salinity wastewater crystallization technologies will be summarized and analyzed. This will help to promote research and application on near-zero emissions and resource utilization of high salinity wastewater.
With the rapid development of China's national economy and the continuous expansion of industrial scale, the industrial water consumption and industrial wastewater volume have also increased, especially in the coal chemical, steel, pharmaceutical and other industries. This has not only aggravated the shortage of water resources in China, but also adversely affected the human living environment due to the high salinity wastewater generated in many fields. Additionally, how to deal with high salinity wastewater has become a technical bottleneck due to the wide sources of high salinity wastewater and the complexity of the compostions of the wastewater. At present, the methods for treating high salinity wastewater mainly include electrolysis, reverse osmosis, permeation, distillation, incineration, evaporative crystallization, etc. But most of these methods have high processing costs, poor operational stability, or secondary pollution problems. The fractional crystallization technology has broad application prospects because of its low energy consumption, green process and salt-distributing products. In this paper, the commonly used high salinity wastewater crystallization technologies will be summarized and analyzed. This will help to promote research and application on near-zero emissions and resource utilization of high salinity wastewater.
引文
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[6] 熊英禹, 付忠田, 黄戊生. 化学沉淀法处理模拟含铜废水的研究[J]. 环境保护科学, 2014, 40(2): 35-38Xiong Yingyu, Fu Zhongtian, Huang Wusheng. Study on the treatment of simulated copper-containing wastewater by chemical precipitation[J]. Environmental Protection Science, 2014, 40(2): 35-38(in Chinese)
[7] 张弦, 叶春松, 黄建伟, 等. 高盐废水残余Ca(II)的离子交换软化实验[J]. 热力发电, 2018, 8: 66-72Zhang Xian, Ye Chunsong, Huang Jianwei, et al. Ion exchange softening experiment of residual Ca(II) in high-salt wastewater[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2018, 8: 66-72(in Chinese)
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[9] Malaeb L,Ayoub G M. Reverse osmosis technology for water treatment:State of the art review[J]. Desalination, 2011, 267(1): 1-8
[10] Zeman L J, Zydney A L. Microfiltration and ultrafiltration: Principles and applications[M]. Florida: CRC Press, 2017
[11] Mohammad A W, Teow Y H, Ang W L, et al. Nanofiltration membranes review: Recent advances and future prospects[J]. Desalination, 2015, 356: 226-254
[12] Greenlee L F, Lawler D F, Freeman B D, et al. Reverse osmosis desalination: Water sources, technology, and today’s challenges[J]. Water Research, 2009, 43(9): 2 317-2 348
[13] 宋哈楠, 李明, 张磊. 内蒙古自治区高含盐水处理技术现状及进展[J]. 北方环境, 2013, 29(1): 106-110Song Hanan, Li Ming, Zhang Lei, et al. Current status and progress of high-brine treatment technology in inner mongolia autonomous region[J]. Environmental Science and Management, 2013, 29(1): 106-110(in Chinese)
[14] Chen C, Smye S W, Robinson M P, et al. Membrane electroporation theories: A review[J]. Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing, 2006, 44(1): 5-14
[15] 张耀煌,邢莉玲.热浓缩在废水处理中的应用[J]. 安徽化工, 2008, 34(1): 55-57Zhang Yaohuang, Xing Liling. Application of heat concentration in wastewater treatment[J]. Anhui Chemical Industry, 2008, 34(1): 55-57(in Chinese)
[16] 袁惠新,金澄澄,付双成. 蒸发技术在高含盐废水处理中的研究进展[J]. 现代化工, 2017, 37(5): 50-54Yuan Huixin, Jin Chengcheng, Fu Shuangcheng. Research progress of evaporation technology in the treatment of high-salt wastewater[J]. Modern Chemical Industry, 2017, 37(5): 50-54(in Chinese)
[17] 王海,张峰榛,王成端, 等. MVR技术处理高盐废水工艺的模拟与分析[J]. 环境工程, 2015, 33(10): 35-37Wang Hai, Zhang Fengzhen, Wang Chengrui, et al. Simulation and analysis of MVR technology for treatment of high-saline wastewater[J]. Environmental Engineering, 2015, 33(10): 35-37(in Chinese)
[18] 毛彦霞.蒸汽机械再压缩技术处理含盐废水试验研究[D]. 重庆: 重庆交通大学, 2014Mao Yanxia. Experimental study on treatment of salty wastewater by steam mechanical recompression technology[D]. Chongqing: Chongqing Jiaotong University, 2014(in Chinese)
[19] Martinetti C R, Childress A E, Cath T Y. High recovery of concentrated RO brines using forward osmosis and membrane distillation [J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2009, 331(1): 31-39
[20] 曲风臣. 煤化工废水“零排放”技术要点及存在问题[J]. 化学工业, 2013, 31(2): 18-24Qu Fengchen. Technical points and problems of “zero emission” of coal chemical wastewater[J]. Chemical Industry, 2013, 31(2): 18-24(in Chinese)
[21] 朱晓东. 强制蒸发在大柴旦盐湖卤水提钾工艺中的运用[J]. 化工矿物与加工, 2011, 40(11): 14-16Zhu Xiaodong. Application of forced evaporation in potassium extraction process in Dachaidan salt lake[J]. Industrial Minerals & Processing. 2011, 40(11): 14-16(in Chinese)
[22] Turek M, Dydo P, Klimek R. Salt production from coal-mine brine in ED-evaporation-crystallization system[J]. Desalination, 2008, 221(1): 238-243
[23] Ali A, Quist-Jensen C A, Macedonio F, et al. Application of membrane crystallization for minerals’ recovery from produced water[J]. Membranes, 2015, 5(4): 772-792
[24] Heijman S G J, Guo H, Li S, et al. Zero liquid discharge: Heading for 99% recovery in nanofiltration and reverse osmosis[J]. Desalination, 2009, 236(1): 357-362
[25] 徐振刚, 孙晋东. 中煤集团煤化工污水处理思考与实践[J]. 煤炭加工与综合利用, 2014, 8: 28-32Xu Zhengang, Sun Jindong. Thinking and practice on treatment of coal chemical wastewater in China Coal Group[J]. Coal Processing & Comprehensive Utilization, 2014, 8: 28-32(in Chinese)
[26] 吴限. 煤化工废水处理技术面临的问题与技术优化研究[D]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工业大学, 2016Wu Xian. Research on problems and technical optimization of coal chemical wastewater treatment technology[D]. Haerbin: Harbin Institute of Technology, 2016(in Chinese)
[27] 刘晓鹏. 煤化工浓盐水蒸发结晶分离工业盐的实验研究[D]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工业大学, 2017Liu Xiaopeng. Experimental study on evaporation and crystallization of industrial salt by concentrated brine in coal chemical industry[D]. Haerbin: Harbin Institute of Technology, 2017(in Chinese)
[28] 张若桦. 四元水盐体系溶解度研究方法的介绍[J]. 化学通报, 1962, 14 (3): 42-44Zhang Ruohua. Introduction to the research method of solubility of quaternary water and salt system[J]. Chemistry Bulletin, 1962, 14 (3): 42-44(in Chinese)
[29] 刘宝树, 何岩, 孙华, 等. 45 ℃ Na2SO4-MgSO4-H2O 三元水盐体系相平衡研究[J]. 河北科技大学学报, 2013, 34(1): 36-39Liu Baoshu, He Yan, Sun Hua, et al. Study on phase equilibrium of Na2SO4-MgSO4-H2O ternary water salt system at 45 ℃[J]. Journal of Hebei University of Science and Technology, 2013, 34(1): 36-39(in Chinese)
[30] Huang J, Hou B, Guo N, et al. Solid-Liquid phase equilibria of ternary system Na2S2O3-Na2SO4-H2O in a wide range of temperatures: Measurement and application[J]. Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, 2018, 125: 1-10
[31] Lu H, Wang J, Yu J, et al. Phase equilibria for the pseudo-ternary system (NaCl+Na2SO4+H2O) of coal gasification wastewater at T=(268.15 to 373.15)K[J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2017, 25(7): 955-962
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