高原季风特征及其与东亚夏季风关系的研究
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摘要
利用ERA-Interim的位势高度场、温度场和风场再分析资料,计算了1988—2017年的传统高原季风指数(Trational Plateau Monsoon Index,TPMI)和动态高原季风指数(Dynamic Plateau Monsoon Index,DPMI),分析了高原季风的空间分布特征和时间演变规律,结合东亚夏季风指数(East Asian Summer Monsoon Index,EASMI),探讨了高原季风与东亚季风的关系。研究表明:(1)高原夏季风从4月开始形成,暖性低值系统在高原上生成;6月暖性低压系统中心形成并达到最强,此时高原夏季风强度也达到最大;10月暖性闭合低压系统向东北方向移动且强度也随之减弱并退出,高原夏季风结束。(2) DPMI和EASMI具有明显的年际变化特征,在关键年高原夏季风和东亚夏季风的强度表现一致。(3)中纬度受东亚季风所影响区域的位势高度场和青藏高原区域的位势高度场均处于同一正相关区域,而且超前两个月的DPMI同EASMI的相关系数最大,表明高原夏季风对东亚夏季风具有一定的指示意义。(4)东亚夏季风经圈环流受高原温度场变化的影响而移动,高原夏季风的低压系统与高原温度场关系密切。
This paper uses ERA-Interim's geopotential height field,temperature field and wind field reanalysis data to calculate the Dynamic Plateau Monsoon Index(DPMI) from 1988 to 2017,and analyzed the spatial distribution of the plateau monsoon.The relationship between characteristics and time evolution,combined with the East Asian Summer Monsoon Index(EASMI),explores the relationship between the plateau monsoon and the East Asian monsoon.The results show that:(1) The plateau summer monsoon began to form in April,and the warm low value system was formed on the plateau.In June,the warm low-pressure system center formed and reached the strongest.At this time,the plateau summer wind intensity also reached the maximum;the warm closed low pressure in October The system moves to the northeast and the intensity decreases and exits.The plateau summer monsoon ends.(2) DPMI and EASMI have obvious interannual variation characteristics,and the intensity of the plateau summer monsoon and the East Asian summer monsoon is consistent in the key years.(3)The geopotential height field of the mid-latitude area affected by the East Asian monsoon and the geopotential height field of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are in the same positive correlation area,and the correlation coefficient between DPMI and EASMI in the first two months is the largest,indicating that the plateau summer monsoon pair The East Asian summer monsoon has certain indications.(4) The East Asian summer monsoon circulation is affected by the change of the plateau temperature field.The low-pressure system of the plateau summer monsoon is closely related to the plateau temperature field.
This paper uses ERA-Interim's geopotential height field,temperature field and wind field reanalysis data to calculate the Dynamic Plateau Monsoon Index(DPMI) from 1988 to 2017,and analyzed the spatial distribution of the plateau monsoon.The relationship between characteristics and time evolution,combined with the East Asian Summer Monsoon Index(EASMI),explores the relationship between the plateau monsoon and the East Asian monsoon.The results show that:(1) The plateau summer monsoon began to form in April,and the warm low value system was formed on the plateau.In June,the warm low-pressure system center formed and reached the strongest.At this time,the plateau summer wind intensity also reached the maximum;the warm closed low pressure in October The system moves to the northeast and the intensity decreases and exits.The plateau summer monsoon ends.(2) DPMI and EASMI have obvious interannual variation characteristics,and the intensity of the plateau summer monsoon and the East Asian summer monsoon is consistent in the key years.(3)The geopotential height field of the mid-latitude area affected by the East Asian monsoon and the geopotential height field of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are in the same positive correlation area,and the correlation coefficient between DPMI and EASMI in the first two months is the largest,indicating that the plateau summer monsoon pair The East Asian summer monsoon has certain indications.(4) The East Asian summer monsoon circulation is affected by the change of the plateau temperature field.The low-pressure system of the plateau summer monsoon is closely related to the plateau temperature field.
引文
Ding Y H,1994.Monsoon over China[M].Netherlands:Kluwer Academic Publishers,420.
Huang R H,Zhou L T,Chen W,2003.The progresses of recent studies on the variabilities of the East Asian monsoon and their causes[J].Advances in Atmospheric Sciences,20(1):55-69.
Li J,Zeng Q,2002.A unified monsoon index[J].Geophysical Research Letters,29(8):111-115.
Li J P,Zeng Q C,2003a.A unified monsoon index[J].Geophysical Research Letters,29(8):1151-1154.
Li J P,Zeng Q C,2003b.A new monsoon index and the geographical distribution of the global monsoons[J].Advances in Atmospheric Sciences,20(2):299-302.
Murakami T,1981.Orographic influence of the Tibetan Plateau on the Asiatic winter monsoon circulation[J].Part I:large-scale aspects,59:66-84.
Prandtl L,Tietjens O K G,1957.Applied hydro-and aeromechanics[M].Dover:Dover publications.
Si D,Ding Y H,Liu Y J,2009.Decadal northward shift of the Meiyu belt and the possible cause[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,54(24):4742-4748.
Tao S Y,Chen L X,1985.The East Asian summer monsoon[C]//Proceedings of International Conference on Monsoon in the Far East,Tokyo,5-8.
Tao S Y,Chen L X,1987.A review of recent research on the East Asian summer monsoon in China[C]//Chang C P,Krishnamurti T Neds.,Monsoon Meteorology.Oxford University Press,60-92.
Xun X Y,Hu Z Y,Ma Y M,2012.The dynamic plateau monsoon index and its association with general circulation anomalies[J].Advances in Atmospheric Sciences,29(6):1249-1263.
Zeng Q C,2000.The global monsoon system[C]//Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Asia Monsoon System(ISAM2),Cheju,Korea,Meteorological Research Institute(METRI)and Korea Meteorological Administration(KMA),23-27.
Zeng Q C,Zhang B L,Liang Y L,et al,1994.The Asian summer monsoon:A case study[J].Proceedings of the Indian Science Academy,60(1):81-96.
Zhu Y L,Wang H J,Zhou W,et al,2011.Recent changes in the summer precipitation pattern in East China and the background circulation[J].Climate Dynamics,36(7/8):1463-1473,doi:10.1007/s00382-010-0852-9.
白彬人,胡泽勇,2016.高原热力作用对高原夏季风爆发的指示意义[J].高原气象,35(2):329-336.DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2015.00016.
白虎志,谢金南,李栋梁,2001.近40年青藏高原季风变化的主要特征[J].高原气象,20(1):22-26.
陈隆勋,朱乾,1991.东亚季风[M].北京:气象出版社,362.
丁一汇,司东,柳艳菊,等,2018.论东亚夏季风的特征、驱动力与年代际变化[J].大气科学,42(3):533-558.
黄荣辉,刘永,冯涛,2013.20世纪90年代末中国东部夏季降水和环流的年代际变化特征及其内动力成因[J].科学通报,58(8):617-628.
高由禧,郭其蕴,1958.我国的秋雨现象[J].气象学报,29(4):264-273.
李建平,曾庆存,2005.一个新的季风指数及其年际变化和雨量的关系[J].气候与环境研究,10(3):351-365.
李吉均,方小敏,1998.青藏高原隆起与环境变化研究[J].科学通报,43(15):1568-1574.
毛江玉,吴国雄,2006.青藏高原热状况和海温异常对亚洲季风季节转换年际变化的影响[J].地球物理学报,49(5):1279-1287.
齐玉磊,冯松,黄建平,等,2015.高原夏季风对中东亚干旱半干旱区夏季降水的影响[J].高原气象,34(6):1566-1574,DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2014.00088.
钱正安,1997.青藏高原气象学的研究进展和问题[J].地球科学进展,12(3):207-216.
施雅风,汤懋苍,马玉贞,1998.青藏高原二期隆升与亚洲季风孕育关系探讨[J].中国科学(地球科学),28(3):263-271.
汤懋苍,沈志宝,陈有虞,1979.高原季风的平均气候特征[J].地理学报,34(1):33-42.
汤懋苍,梁娟,邵明镜,等,1984.高原季风年际变化的初步分析[J].高原气象,3(3):76-82.
陶诗言,赵煜佳,陈晓敏,1958.东亚的梅雨期与亚洲上空大气环流季节变化的关系[J].气象学报,29(2):119-134.
涂长望,黄仕松,1944.夏季风进退[J].气象杂志,18:1-20.
王盘兴,卢楚翰,管兆勇,等,2007.闭合气压系统环流指数的定义及计算[J].南京气象学院学报,30(6):730-735.
王同美,吴国雄,万日金,2008.青藏高原的热力和动力作用对亚洲季风区环流的影响[J].高原气象,27(1):1-9.
吴国雄,张永生,1999.青藏高原的热力和机械强迫作用以及亚洲季风的爆发:Ⅱ爆发时间[J].大气科学,23(1):51-61.
吴国雄,江玉,段安民,等,2004.青藏高原影响亚洲夏季气候研究的最新进展[J].气象学报,62(5):528-540.
吴国雄,刘屹岷,刘新,等,2005.青藏高原加热如何影响亚洲夏季的气候格局[J].大气科学,29(1):47-56.
徐淑英,高由禧,1962.西藏高原的季风现象[J].地理学报,28(2):111-123.
荀学义,2012.青藏高原季风演变及其对东亚季风环流的影响[D].兰州:中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,1-138.
叶笃正,高由禧,1979.青藏高原气象学[M].北京:科学出版社,62-73.
叶许春,许崇育,张丹,等,2018.长江中下游夏季降水变化与亚洲夏季风系统的关系[J].地理科学,38(7):1174-1182.
曾庆存,张邦林,1992.论大气环流的季节划分和季节突变I.概念与方法[J].大气科学,16(6):641-648.
曾庆存,张邦林,1998.大气环流的季节变化和季风[J].大气科学,22(6):805-813.
周秀骥,赵平,陈军明,等,2009.青藏高原热力作用对北半球气候影响的研究[J].中国科学(地球科学),39(11):1473-1486.
朱乾根,林锦瑞,寿绍文,等,2000.天气学原理和方法[M].北京:气象出版社,565-598.
郑度,姚檀栋,2006.青藏高原隆升及其环境效应[J].地球科学进展,21(5):451-457.
竺可桢,1934.东南季风与中国之雨量[J].地理学报,1:1-27.
章基嘉,1988.青藏高原气象学进展[M].北京:科学出版社.
Huang R H,Zhou L T,Chen W,2003.The progresses of recent studies on the variabilities of the East Asian monsoon and their causes[J].Advances in Atmospheric Sciences,20(1):55-69.
Li J,Zeng Q,2002.A unified monsoon index[J].Geophysical Research Letters,29(8):111-115.
Li J P,Zeng Q C,2003a.A unified monsoon index[J].Geophysical Research Letters,29(8):1151-1154.
Li J P,Zeng Q C,2003b.A new monsoon index and the geographical distribution of the global monsoons[J].Advances in Atmospheric Sciences,20(2):299-302.
Murakami T,1981.Orographic influence of the Tibetan Plateau on the Asiatic winter monsoon circulation[J].Part I:large-scale aspects,59:66-84.
Prandtl L,Tietjens O K G,1957.Applied hydro-and aeromechanics[M].Dover:Dover publications.
Si D,Ding Y H,Liu Y J,2009.Decadal northward shift of the Meiyu belt and the possible cause[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,54(24):4742-4748.
Tao S Y,Chen L X,1985.The East Asian summer monsoon[C]//Proceedings of International Conference on Monsoon in the Far East,Tokyo,5-8.
Tao S Y,Chen L X,1987.A review of recent research on the East Asian summer monsoon in China[C]//Chang C P,Krishnamurti T Neds.,Monsoon Meteorology.Oxford University Press,60-92.
Xun X Y,Hu Z Y,Ma Y M,2012.The dynamic plateau monsoon index and its association with general circulation anomalies[J].Advances in Atmospheric Sciences,29(6):1249-1263.
Zeng Q C,2000.The global monsoon system[C]//Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Asia Monsoon System(ISAM2),Cheju,Korea,Meteorological Research Institute(METRI)and Korea Meteorological Administration(KMA),23-27.
Zeng Q C,Zhang B L,Liang Y L,et al,1994.The Asian summer monsoon:A case study[J].Proceedings of the Indian Science Academy,60(1):81-96.
Zhu Y L,Wang H J,Zhou W,et al,2011.Recent changes in the summer precipitation pattern in East China and the background circulation[J].Climate Dynamics,36(7/8):1463-1473,doi:10.1007/s00382-010-0852-9.
白彬人,胡泽勇,2016.高原热力作用对高原夏季风爆发的指示意义[J].高原气象,35(2):329-336.DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2015.00016.
白虎志,谢金南,李栋梁,2001.近40年青藏高原季风变化的主要特征[J].高原气象,20(1):22-26.
陈隆勋,朱乾,1991.东亚季风[M].北京:气象出版社,362.
丁一汇,司东,柳艳菊,等,2018.论东亚夏季风的特征、驱动力与年代际变化[J].大气科学,42(3):533-558.
黄荣辉,刘永,冯涛,2013.20世纪90年代末中国东部夏季降水和环流的年代际变化特征及其内动力成因[J].科学通报,58(8):617-628.
高由禧,郭其蕴,1958.我国的秋雨现象[J].气象学报,29(4):264-273.
李建平,曾庆存,2005.一个新的季风指数及其年际变化和雨量的关系[J].气候与环境研究,10(3):351-365.
李吉均,方小敏,1998.青藏高原隆起与环境变化研究[J].科学通报,43(15):1568-1574.
毛江玉,吴国雄,2006.青藏高原热状况和海温异常对亚洲季风季节转换年际变化的影响[J].地球物理学报,49(5):1279-1287.
齐玉磊,冯松,黄建平,等,2015.高原夏季风对中东亚干旱半干旱区夏季降水的影响[J].高原气象,34(6):1566-1574,DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2014.00088.
钱正安,1997.青藏高原气象学的研究进展和问题[J].地球科学进展,12(3):207-216.
施雅风,汤懋苍,马玉贞,1998.青藏高原二期隆升与亚洲季风孕育关系探讨[J].中国科学(地球科学),28(3):263-271.
汤懋苍,沈志宝,陈有虞,1979.高原季风的平均气候特征[J].地理学报,34(1):33-42.
汤懋苍,梁娟,邵明镜,等,1984.高原季风年际变化的初步分析[J].高原气象,3(3):76-82.
陶诗言,赵煜佳,陈晓敏,1958.东亚的梅雨期与亚洲上空大气环流季节变化的关系[J].气象学报,29(2):119-134.
涂长望,黄仕松,1944.夏季风进退[J].气象杂志,18:1-20.
王盘兴,卢楚翰,管兆勇,等,2007.闭合气压系统环流指数的定义及计算[J].南京气象学院学报,30(6):730-735.
王同美,吴国雄,万日金,2008.青藏高原的热力和动力作用对亚洲季风区环流的影响[J].高原气象,27(1):1-9.
吴国雄,张永生,1999.青藏高原的热力和机械强迫作用以及亚洲季风的爆发:Ⅱ爆发时间[J].大气科学,23(1):51-61.
吴国雄,江玉,段安民,等,2004.青藏高原影响亚洲夏季气候研究的最新进展[J].气象学报,62(5):528-540.
吴国雄,刘屹岷,刘新,等,2005.青藏高原加热如何影响亚洲夏季的气候格局[J].大气科学,29(1):47-56.
徐淑英,高由禧,1962.西藏高原的季风现象[J].地理学报,28(2):111-123.
荀学义,2012.青藏高原季风演变及其对东亚季风环流的影响[D].兰州:中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,1-138.
叶笃正,高由禧,1979.青藏高原气象学[M].北京:科学出版社,62-73.
叶许春,许崇育,张丹,等,2018.长江中下游夏季降水变化与亚洲夏季风系统的关系[J].地理科学,38(7):1174-1182.
曾庆存,张邦林,1992.论大气环流的季节划分和季节突变I.概念与方法[J].大气科学,16(6):641-648.
曾庆存,张邦林,1998.大气环流的季节变化和季风[J].大气科学,22(6):805-813.
周秀骥,赵平,陈军明,等,2009.青藏高原热力作用对北半球气候影响的研究[J].中国科学(地球科学),39(11):1473-1486.
朱乾根,林锦瑞,寿绍文,等,2000.天气学原理和方法[M].北京:气象出版社,565-598.
郑度,姚檀栋,2006.青藏高原隆升及其环境效应[J].地球科学进展,21(5):451-457.
竺可桢,1934.东南季风与中国之雨量[J].地理学报,1:1-27.
章基嘉,1988.青藏高原气象学进展[M].北京:科学出版社.
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