外源硫输入对草地土壤-植物系统养分有效性的影响
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摘要
外源硫输入增加是草地生态系统土壤酸化的一种重要诱因,在一定程度上抑制了土壤有机质的矿化从而有利于有机碳积累,但可导致石灰性土壤中碳酸盐的分解;硫输入可提高土壤中氮及微量元素铁、锰、铜、锌、硼的有效性,降低钼的有效性;导致交换性盐基离子淋失并降低钙、镁、钾的有效性;增加石灰性和中性土壤磷的有效性,而降低酸性或强酸性土壤磷的有效性。外源硫输入可促进草地植物对氮和磷的协同吸收,总体上可以促进草地植物对金属微量元素的吸收,但土壤酸化可能引起植物锰毒害,增加植物锰吸收的同时抑制了对铁的吸收。高量硫输入及土壤重度酸化可导致草地生产力和物种多样性降低;低剂量硫输入对草地生产力有一定的促进作用,但对物种多样性及群落稳定性的影响目前尚缺乏系统的研究资料。
Exogenous sulfur input is one of the most important factors that acidify grassland soils,which may inhibit mineralization of soil organic matter and facilitate organic carbon accumulation,but may contribute to the decomposition of carbonates in calcareous soils.Sulfur inputs enhance the availability of nitrogen and micronutrients(iron,manganese,copper,zinc and boron),decrease the availability of molybdenum,accelerate the leaching of exchangeable base cations,and reduce the availability of calcium,magnesium and potassium.Sulfur inputs increase the availability of phosphorus in calcareous and neutral soils,but decrease it in acid or strong acid soils.Exogenous sulfur inputs can improve the synergetic uptake of nitrogen and phosphorus by plants,and generally increase plant uptake of metallic micronutrients.Soil acidification induced by sulfur inputs might lead to plant manganese toxicity,which could increase plant manganese uptake but inhibit plant iron uptake.High inputs of exogenous sulfur and soil acidification can decline aboveground productivity and plant species diversity in grasslands.Low-dose of sulfur input tends to improve aboveground productivity,but its effects on plant species diversity and community stability remain unclear.
Exogenous sulfur input is one of the most important factors that acidify grassland soils,which may inhibit mineralization of soil organic matter and facilitate organic carbon accumulation,but may contribute to the decomposition of carbonates in calcareous soils.Sulfur inputs enhance the availability of nitrogen and micronutrients(iron,manganese,copper,zinc and boron),decrease the availability of molybdenum,accelerate the leaching of exchangeable base cations,and reduce the availability of calcium,magnesium and potassium.Sulfur inputs increase the availability of phosphorus in calcareous and neutral soils,but decrease it in acid or strong acid soils.Exogenous sulfur inputs can improve the synergetic uptake of nitrogen and phosphorus by plants,and generally increase plant uptake of metallic micronutrients.Soil acidification induced by sulfur inputs might lead to plant manganese toxicity,which could increase plant manganese uptake but inhibit plant iron uptake.High inputs of exogenous sulfur and soil acidification can decline aboveground productivity and plant species diversity in grasslands.Low-dose of sulfur input tends to improve aboveground productivity,but its effects on plant species diversity and community stability remain unclear.
引文
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罗海玲,黄有德,张尤嘉,等.2001.高寒草甸草地水、土、草中氮硫含量冷暖季节的变化.草业科学,18(4):39-45.
铁烈华,符饶,张仕斌,等.2018.模拟氮、硫沉降对华西雨屏区常绿阔叶林凋落叶分解速率的影响.应用生态学报,29(7):2243-2250.
汪诗平,王艳芬,陈佐忠,等.2001.内蒙古典型草原主要土壤类型和植物硫状况的研究.植物生态学报,25(4):465-471.
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肖胜生,胡建民,贺月玲,等.2014.森林土壤呼吸对氮硫沉降的响应及机制.生态学杂志,33(2):495-501.
张昌爱,张民,曾跃春.2007.硫对石灰性土壤化学性质的影响.应用生态学报,18(7):1453-1458.
赵方杰.2012.洛桑试验站的长期定位试验:简介及体会.南京农业大学学报,35(5):147-153.
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Barczak B,Klikocka H,Kozera W,et al.2018.Assessment of the effect of sulphur fertilization on oat grain yield and micronutrient uptake.Journal of Elementology,23:45-56.
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Cai JP,Weiner J,Wang RZ,et al.2017b.Effects of nitrogen and water addition on trace element stoichiometry in five grassland species.Journal of Plant Research,130:659-668.
Chen D,Lan Z,Bai X,et al.2013.Evidence that acidificationinduced declines in plant diversity and productivity are mediated by changes in below-ground communities and soil properties in a semi-arid steppe.Journal of Ecology,101:1322-1334.
Chen D,Lan Z,Hu S,et al.2015.Effects of nitrogen enrichment on belowground communities in grassland:Relative role of soil nitrogen availability vs.soil acidification.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,89:99-108.
Cheng Y,Cai ZC,Zhang JB,et al.2011.Gross N transformations were little affected by 4 years of simulated N and Sdepositions in an aspen-white spruce dominated boreal forest in Alberta,Canada.Forest Ecology and Management,262:571-578.
Cronan CS,Grigal DF.1995.Use of calcium/aluminum ratios as indicators of stress in forest ecosystems.Journal of Environmental Quality,24:209-226.
Duan L,Yu Q,Zhang Q,et al.2016.Acid deposition in Asia:Emissions,deposition,and ecosystem effects.Atmospheric Environment,146:55-69.
Greaver TL,Sullivan TJ,Herrick JD,et al.2012.Ecological effects of nitrogen and sulfur air pollution in the US:What do we know?Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment,10:365-372.
Havlin JH,Tisdale SL,Nelson WL.2005.Soil Fertility and Fertilizers:An Introduction to Nutrient Management(7th eds.).Prentice Hall:Pearson Education,Inc.
Howarth RW,Stewart JWB,Ivanov.1992.Sulfur Cycling on the Continents.New York:SCOPE,Wiley.
Islam M.2012.The effect of different rates and forms of sulfur on seed yield and micronutrient uptake by chickpea.Plant,Soil and Environment,58:399-404.
Jamal A,Moon YS,Abdin MZ.2010.Sulphur:A general overview and interaction with nitrogen.Australia Journal of Crop Science,4:523-529.
Jiang Y,Zhang YG,Liang WJ.2007.Land use effect on the profile distribution of sulfur in an aquic brown soil.Agricultural Journal,2:49-54.
Knights JS,Zhao FJ,McGrath SP,et al.2001.Long-term effects of land use and fertiliser treatments on sulphur transformations in soils from the Broadbalk experiments.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,33:1797-1804.
Knights JS,Zhao FJ,Spiro B,et al.2000.Long-term effects of land use and fertilizer treatments on sulfur cycling.Journal of Environmental Quality,29:1867-1874.
Kopittke PM,Dalal RC,Menzies NW.2016.Sulfur dynamics in sub-tropical soils of Australia as influenced by long-term cultivation.Plant and Soil,402:211-219.
Krouse HR,Mayer B,Schoenau JJ.1996.Applications of stable isotope techniques to soil sulfur cycling//Boutton TW,Yamasaki S,eds.Mass Spectrometry of Soils.Dekker,New York:247-284.
Larssen T,Duan L,Mulder J.2011.Deposition and leaching of sulfur,nitrogen and calcium in four forested catchments in China:Implications for acidification.Environmental Science&Technology,45:1192-1198.
Lawrence GB,David MB,Shortle WC.1995.A new mechanism for calcium loss in forest-floor soils.Nature,378:162-165.
Legay N,Personeni E,Slezack-Deschaumes S,et al.2014.Grassland species show similar strategies for sulphur and nitrogen acquisition.Plant and Soil,375:113-126.
Lehmann J,Solomon D,Zhao FJ,et al.2008.Atmospheric SO2emissions since the late 1800s change organic sulfur forms in humic substance extracts of soils.Environmental Science&Technology,42:3550-3555.
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