Si/As调控苗期水稻吸收、外排和转运砷的研究
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摘要
通过生物模拟法,将水稻幼苗分别暴露于含有10μmol/L无机三价砷As(Ⅲ)或五价砷As(V)的营养液中12,24,48h,探究硅砷摩尔比(Si/As为0∶1,100∶1和200∶1)对苗期水稻吸收、外排、转运和累积砷的影响。结果表明,水稻暴露于含As(Ⅲ)营养液中12h,与Si/As为0∶1相比,Si/As为200∶1的处理使水稻的As(Ⅲ)吸收速率降低30.7%(P<0.05),且随着暴露时间的延长,水稻对As(Ⅲ)的吸收速率逐渐降低,不同Si/As对其吸收速率的影响也减弱。处理48h,100∶1和200∶1的Si/As均降低水稻根部As(Ⅲ)向茎叶的转移系数,较Si/As为0∶1分别降低51.2%和56.9%,同时水稻地上部As(Ⅲ)含量比Si/As为0∶1的处理分别降低50.7%和67.2%;暴露在As(V)营养液中12h,Si/As为100∶1促进水稻对As(V)的吸收,增幅高达82.3%,但暴露24h,Si/As为200∶1则抑制水稻根系对As(V)的吸收,以及As(Ⅲ)的外排和As(Ⅲ)由水稻根系向茎叶的转运,降幅分别为28.0%,41.9%和39.9%。暴露48h时,Si/As为200∶1的水稻As(Ⅲ)转移系数较Si/As为100∶1的处理降低57.9%,并且处理24,48h时,Si/As为100∶1和200∶1水稻地上部As(Ⅲ)含量显著降低53.6%和75.0%,25.0%和52.8%。此外,水稻根系对As(V)的吸收与As(Ⅲ)的外排之间呈极显著正相关关系(r=0.921,P<0.01),该关系不受Si/As和暴露时间的影响。无论是As(Ⅲ)或As(V)处理,在12～48h的暴露时间内,Si/As为200∶1显著抑制砷的吸收、As(Ⅲ)的外排和As(Ⅲ)在水稻体内的转运。
A hydroponic experiment was carried out to explore the effects of Si/As ratios(0∶1,100∶1 and200∶1)on the uptake,efflux,translocation and accumulation of arsenic in rice seedlings that were grown in nutrient solution containing 10μmol/L arsenite or arsenate for 12,24,48 h.The results showed that Si/As of 200∶1 reduced arsenite uptake rate compared to Si/As of 0∶1,accounting for 30.7%(P<0.05),when rice was exposed to nutrient solution with arsenite and silicon for 12 h.The uptake rates of arsenite of rice gradually decreased and the effect of different Si/As ratios reduced with the prolongation of exposure time.Furthermore,compared to Si/As of 0∶1,the ratios of Si/As at 100∶1 and 200∶1 inhibited the translocation of arsenite from roots to shoot and the concentrations of As(Ⅲ)were decreased by 51.2% and 56.9%,respectively,when rice seedlings exposed to nutrient solution with arsenite for 48 h,at the same time,the concentrations of As(Ⅲ)in rice shoots were significantly lower than Si/As of 0∶1,accounting for 50.7%and 67.2%,respectively.When rice seedlings were exposed to arsenate nutrient solution for 12 h,Si/As of100∶1 promoted the uptake rate of arsenate by rice,which was 82.3%higher than Si/As of 0∶1.However,the ratio of Si/As of 200∶1 inhibited the uptake rates of arsenate,arsenite efflux by rice roots and translocation of As(Ⅲ)after 24 hfor exposure to asenate,accounting for 28.0%,41.9%and 39.9%,respectively.The translocation of As(Ⅲ)from root to shoot with Si/As of 200∶1 was 57.9%lower than that of Si/As of 100∶1 after 48 hof exposure time.In addition,the concentrations of As(Ⅲ)in rice shoots in the treatment of Si/As ratio at100∶1 and 200∶1 for 24 hor 48 hwere significantly lower than the control,accounting for 53.6% and75.0%,25.0% and 52.8%.In addition,there was a significant positive correlation between the uptake of As(V)and the efflux of As(Ⅲ)in rice roots(r=0.921,P<0.01),which was not affected by Si/As and exposure time.In summary,when rice seedlings were exposed in nutrient solution with As(Ⅲ)or As(V)for12～48 h,the ratio of Si/As at 200∶1 significantly inhibited arsenic uptake,As(Ⅲ)efflux and translocation of As(Ⅲ)from root to shoot in rice.
A hydroponic experiment was carried out to explore the effects of Si/As ratios(0∶1,100∶1 and200∶1)on the uptake,efflux,translocation and accumulation of arsenic in rice seedlings that were grown in nutrient solution containing 10μmol/L arsenite or arsenate for 12,24,48 h.The results showed that Si/As of 200∶1 reduced arsenite uptake rate compared to Si/As of 0∶1,accounting for 30.7%(P<0.05),when rice was exposed to nutrient solution with arsenite and silicon for 12 h.The uptake rates of arsenite of rice gradually decreased and the effect of different Si/As ratios reduced with the prolongation of exposure time.Furthermore,compared to Si/As of 0∶1,the ratios of Si/As at 100∶1 and 200∶1 inhibited the translocation of arsenite from roots to shoot and the concentrations of As(Ⅲ)were decreased by 51.2% and 56.9%,respectively,when rice seedlings exposed to nutrient solution with arsenite for 48 h,at the same time,the concentrations of As(Ⅲ)in rice shoots were significantly lower than Si/As of 0∶1,accounting for 50.7%and 67.2%,respectively.When rice seedlings were exposed to arsenate nutrient solution for 12 h,Si/As of100∶1 promoted the uptake rate of arsenate by rice,which was 82.3%higher than Si/As of 0∶1.However,the ratio of Si/As of 200∶1 inhibited the uptake rates of arsenate,arsenite efflux by rice roots and translocation of As(Ⅲ)after 24 hfor exposure to asenate,accounting for 28.0%,41.9%and 39.9%,respectively.The translocation of As(Ⅲ)from root to shoot with Si/As of 200∶1 was 57.9%lower than that of Si/As of 100∶1 after 48 hof exposure time.In addition,the concentrations of As(Ⅲ)in rice shoots in the treatment of Si/As ratio at100∶1 and 200∶1 for 24 hor 48 hwere significantly lower than the control,accounting for 53.6% and75.0%,25.0% and 52.8%.In addition,there was a significant positive correlation between the uptake of As(V)and the efflux of As(Ⅲ)in rice roots(r=0.921,P<0.01),which was not affected by Si/As and exposure time.In summary,when rice seedlings were exposed in nutrient solution with As(Ⅲ)or As(V)for12～48 h,the ratio of Si/As at 200∶1 significantly inhibited arsenic uptake,As(Ⅲ)efflux and translocation of As(Ⅲ)from root to shoot in rice.
引文
[1]陈怀满.环境土壤学[M].北京:科学出版社,2018.
[2]Wei C Y,Wang C,Yang L S.Characterizing spatial distribution and sources of heavy metals in the soils from mining-smelting activities in Shuikoushan,Hunan Province,China[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2009,21(9):1230-1236.
[3]中华人民共和国生态环境部.GB 15618-2018土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准(试行)[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2018.
[4]Williams P N,Villada A,Deacon C,et al.Greatly enhanced arsenic shoot assimilation in rice leads to elevated grain levels compared to wheat and barley[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2007,41(19):6854-6859.
[5]Tripathi R D,Srivastava S,Mishra S,et al.Arsenic hazards:Strategies for tolerance and remediation by plants[J].Trends in Biotechnology,2007,25(4):158-165.
[6]Li G,Sun G X,Williams P N,et al.Inorganic arsenic in Chinese food and its cancer risk[J].Environment International,2011,37:1219-1225.
[7]Zhao F J,Ma J F,Meharg A A,et al.Arsenic uptake and metabolism in plants[J].New Phytologist,2009,181:777-794.
[8]Wu Z C,Ren H,McGrath S P,et al.Investigating the contribution of the phosphate transport pathway to arsenic accumulation in rice[J].Plant Physiology,2011,157(1):498-508.
[9]刘文菊,赵方杰.植物砷吸收与代谢的研究进展[J].环境化学,2011,30(1):56-62.
[10]Zhao F J,Ago Y,Mitani N,et al.The role of the rice aquaporin Lsi1in arsenite efflux from roots[J].New Phytologist,2010,186:392-399.
[11]Ma J F,Yamaji N,Mitani N,et al.Transporters of arsenite in rice and their role in arsenic accumulation in rice grain[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United states of America,2008,105(29):9931-9935.
[12]Zhang M,Zhao Q L,Xue P Y,et al.Do Si/As ratios in growth medium impact arsenic uptake,arsenite efflux and translocation in rice(Oryza sativa)?[J].Environment Pollution,2017,229:647-654.
[13]Tripathi P,Tripathi R D,Singh R P,et al.Silicon mediates arsenic tolerance in rice(Oryza sativa L.)through lowering of arsenic uptake and improved antioxidant defence system[J].Ecological Engineering,2013,52:96-103.
[14]张世杰,付洁,王晓美,等.叶面施硅对水稻吸收和转运无机砷和甲基砷的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2018,37(7):1529-1536.
[15]Liu W J,McGrath S P,Zhao F J.Silicon has opposite effects on the accumulation of inorganic and methylated arsenic species in rice[J].Plant Soil,2014,376(1/2):423-431.
[16]王莹,赵全利,胡莹,等.上虞某铅锌矿区周边土壤植物重金属含量及其污染评价[J].环境化学,2011,30(7):1354-1360.
[17]Stroud J L,Khan M A,Norton G J,et al.Assessing the labile arsenic pool in contaminated paddy soils by isotopic dilution techniques and simple extractions[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2011,45:4262-4269.
[18]王钊,崔江慧,刘文菊,等.淹水-控温模式下砷污染水稻土溶液中砷形态的变化[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(5):1415-1422.
[19]孙宇,薛培英,陈苗,等.生长介质中硅/砷比对水稻吸收和转运砷的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(4):148-152.
[20]Guo W,Hou Y L,Wang S G,et al.Effect of silicate on the growth and arsenate uptake by rice(Oryza sativa L.)seedlings in solution culture[J].Plant Soil,2005,272:173-181.
[21]Su Y H,McGrath S P,Zhao F J.Rice is more efficient in arsenite uptake and translocation than wheat and barley[J].Plant Soil,2009,328:27-34.
[22]Liu W J,Wood A,Raab A,et al.Complexation of arsenite with phytochelatins reduces arsenite efflux and root to shoot translocation in Arabidopsis thaliana[J].Plant Physiology,2010,152(4):2211-2221.
[23]Xu X Y,McGrath S P,Zhao F J.Rapid reduction of arsenate in the medium mediated by plant roots[J].New Phytologist,2007,176:590-599.
[24]Qin J,Lehr C R,Yuan C G,et al.Biotransformation of arsenic by ayellow stone thermo acidophilic eukaryotic alga[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,2009,106:5213-5217.
[25]赵方杰.水稻砷的吸收机理及阻控对策[J].植物生理学报,2014,50(5):569-576.
[26]Zhao F J,Stroud J L,Khan M A,et al.Arsenic translocation in rice investigated using radioactive 73 As tracer[J].Plant Soil,2012,350:413-420.
[27]Seyfferth A L,Fendorf S.Silicate mineral impacts on the uptake and storage of arsenic and plant nutrients in rice(Oryza sativa L.)[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2012,46:13176-13183.
[28]Wu C,Zou Q,Xue S.Effects of silicon(Si)on arsenic(As)accumulation and speciation in rice(Oryza sativa L.)genotypes with different radial oxygen loss(ROL)[J].Chemosphere,2015,138:447-453.
[29]马瑞.不同品种及农艺措施对水稻砷吸收、化学形态及毒性的影响[D].南京:南京农业大学,2015.
[2]Wei C Y,Wang C,Yang L S.Characterizing spatial distribution and sources of heavy metals in the soils from mining-smelting activities in Shuikoushan,Hunan Province,China[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2009,21(9):1230-1236.
[3]中华人民共和国生态环境部.GB 15618-2018土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准(试行)[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2018.
[4]Williams P N,Villada A,Deacon C,et al.Greatly enhanced arsenic shoot assimilation in rice leads to elevated grain levels compared to wheat and barley[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2007,41(19):6854-6859.
[5]Tripathi R D,Srivastava S,Mishra S,et al.Arsenic hazards:Strategies for tolerance and remediation by plants[J].Trends in Biotechnology,2007,25(4):158-165.
[6]Li G,Sun G X,Williams P N,et al.Inorganic arsenic in Chinese food and its cancer risk[J].Environment International,2011,37:1219-1225.
[7]Zhao F J,Ma J F,Meharg A A,et al.Arsenic uptake and metabolism in plants[J].New Phytologist,2009,181:777-794.
[8]Wu Z C,Ren H,McGrath S P,et al.Investigating the contribution of the phosphate transport pathway to arsenic accumulation in rice[J].Plant Physiology,2011,157(1):498-508.
[9]刘文菊,赵方杰.植物砷吸收与代谢的研究进展[J].环境化学,2011,30(1):56-62.
[10]Zhao F J,Ago Y,Mitani N,et al.The role of the rice aquaporin Lsi1in arsenite efflux from roots[J].New Phytologist,2010,186:392-399.
[11]Ma J F,Yamaji N,Mitani N,et al.Transporters of arsenite in rice and their role in arsenic accumulation in rice grain[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United states of America,2008,105(29):9931-9935.
[12]Zhang M,Zhao Q L,Xue P Y,et al.Do Si/As ratios in growth medium impact arsenic uptake,arsenite efflux and translocation in rice(Oryza sativa)?[J].Environment Pollution,2017,229:647-654.
[13]Tripathi P,Tripathi R D,Singh R P,et al.Silicon mediates arsenic tolerance in rice(Oryza sativa L.)through lowering of arsenic uptake and improved antioxidant defence system[J].Ecological Engineering,2013,52:96-103.
[14]张世杰,付洁,王晓美,等.叶面施硅对水稻吸收和转运无机砷和甲基砷的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2018,37(7):1529-1536.
[15]Liu W J,McGrath S P,Zhao F J.Silicon has opposite effects on the accumulation of inorganic and methylated arsenic species in rice[J].Plant Soil,2014,376(1/2):423-431.
[16]王莹,赵全利,胡莹,等.上虞某铅锌矿区周边土壤植物重金属含量及其污染评价[J].环境化学,2011,30(7):1354-1360.
[17]Stroud J L,Khan M A,Norton G J,et al.Assessing the labile arsenic pool in contaminated paddy soils by isotopic dilution techniques and simple extractions[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2011,45:4262-4269.
[18]王钊,崔江慧,刘文菊,等.淹水-控温模式下砷污染水稻土溶液中砷形态的变化[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(5):1415-1422.
[19]孙宇,薛培英,陈苗,等.生长介质中硅/砷比对水稻吸收和转运砷的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(4):148-152.
[20]Guo W,Hou Y L,Wang S G,et al.Effect of silicate on the growth and arsenate uptake by rice(Oryza sativa L.)seedlings in solution culture[J].Plant Soil,2005,272:173-181.
[21]Su Y H,McGrath S P,Zhao F J.Rice is more efficient in arsenite uptake and translocation than wheat and barley[J].Plant Soil,2009,328:27-34.
[22]Liu W J,Wood A,Raab A,et al.Complexation of arsenite with phytochelatins reduces arsenite efflux and root to shoot translocation in Arabidopsis thaliana[J].Plant Physiology,2010,152(4):2211-2221.
[23]Xu X Y,McGrath S P,Zhao F J.Rapid reduction of arsenate in the medium mediated by plant roots[J].New Phytologist,2007,176:590-599.
[24]Qin J,Lehr C R,Yuan C G,et al.Biotransformation of arsenic by ayellow stone thermo acidophilic eukaryotic alga[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,2009,106:5213-5217.
[25]赵方杰.水稻砷的吸收机理及阻控对策[J].植物生理学报,2014,50(5):569-576.
[26]Zhao F J,Stroud J L,Khan M A,et al.Arsenic translocation in rice investigated using radioactive 73 As tracer[J].Plant Soil,2012,350:413-420.
[27]Seyfferth A L,Fendorf S.Silicate mineral impacts on the uptake and storage of arsenic and plant nutrients in rice(Oryza sativa L.)[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2012,46:13176-13183.
[28]Wu C,Zou Q,Xue S.Effects of silicon(Si)on arsenic(As)accumulation and speciation in rice(Oryza sativa L.)genotypes with different radial oxygen loss(ROL)[J].Chemosphere,2015,138:447-453.
[29]马瑞.不同品种及农艺措施对水稻砷吸收、化学形态及毒性的影响[D].南京:南京农业大学,2015.
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