贵州麻江县蓝莓主栽区果实重金属含量及安全性评价
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摘要
为了研究麻江县蓝莓主要栽培区蓝莓果实中铬(Cr)铜(Cu)锌(Zn)砷(As)铅(Pb)镉(Cd)6种重金属元素的分布特征、污染程度及其潜在风险。采用ICP-MS分别测定了麻江县6个主要栽培区18件蓝莓果实样品中的6种重金属元素含量,并采用单因子污染指数法和内梅罗污染指数法对蓝莓果实重金属元素富集程度和安全性进行了评价。结果表明:麻江县6个蓝莓主栽区蓝莓果实中Cr、Cu、Zn、As、Pb和Cd的平均值分别为0.2228、0.2644、0.6067、0.4100、0.0417和0.0011 mg/kg。6个蓝莓主栽区蓝莓果实中6种重金属含量均未超过《食品安全国家标准水果中食品污染限量》(GB2762-2017)标准;单因子污染指数数值分析表明,6个蓝莓主栽区蓝莓果实中As的污染最为严重,Cd的污染最小,6种重金属单因子污染指数大小依次为As>Cr>Pb>Zn>Cu>Cd;综合污染指数法评价结果表明,6个主栽区的蓝莓果实重金属污染程度均为安全等级;As的单因子污染指数最高,需引起重视,相关的种植基地应加强对土壤中砷含量的控制,以免As含量继续上升影响蓝莓的质量。
In order to study the distribution characteristics,pollution degree and potential risk of six heavy metal elements in blueberry fruit of Majiang County,(Cr) Cu,(Cu),Zn,as,(As),Pb,(Pb),CD,(Cd),Cr,Cu,Zn,as,(As),Pb,CD,etc.The contents of 6 heavy metal elements in 18 blueberry fruit samples from 6 main cultivation areas of Majiang County were determined by ICP-MS.The enrichment degree and safety of heavy metal elements in blueberry fruit were evaluated by single factor pollution index method and Neimero pollution index method.The results showed that the Cr,Cu,Zn,As,Pb and the content of Cr,Cu,Zn,As,Pb in the fruit of six main planting areas of blueberry in Majiang county were as follows.The average Cd is 0.2228,0.2644,0.6067,0.4100 mg/kg.The contents of six kinds of heavy metals in the fruit of 0.0417 mg/kg and 0.0011 mg/kg.6 in the main planting area of blueberry did not exceed the standard of "Food pollution limit in Fruit >(GB2762-2017) Standard of National Standard for Food Safety;" The numerical analysis of single factor pollution index showed that the As pollution was the most serious and the Cd pollution was the least in six main regions of blueberry.The order of single factor pollution index of six heavy metals was As>Cr>Pb>Zn>Cu>Cd; comprehensive pollution index evaluation results showed that the heavy metal pollution degree of blueberry fruit in six main planting areas was safe.The single factor pollution index of As is the highest,which needs to be paid attention to.The related planting bases should strengthen the control of arsenic content in soil so as not to further increase the As content to affect the quality of blueberries.
In order to study the distribution characteristics,pollution degree and potential risk of six heavy metal elements in blueberry fruit of Majiang County,(Cr) Cu,(Cu),Zn,as,(As),Pb,(Pb),CD,(Cd),Cr,Cu,Zn,as,(As),Pb,CD,etc.The contents of 6 heavy metal elements in 18 blueberry fruit samples from 6 main cultivation areas of Majiang County were determined by ICP-MS.The enrichment degree and safety of heavy metal elements in blueberry fruit were evaluated by single factor pollution index method and Neimero pollution index method.The results showed that the Cr,Cu,Zn,As,Pb and the content of Cr,Cu,Zn,As,Pb in the fruit of six main planting areas of blueberry in Majiang county were as follows.The average Cd is 0.2228,0.2644,0.6067,0.4100 mg/kg.The contents of six kinds of heavy metals in the fruit of 0.0417 mg/kg and 0.0011 mg/kg.6 in the main planting area of blueberry did not exceed the standard of "Food pollution limit in Fruit >(GB2762-2017) Standard of National Standard for Food Safety;" The numerical analysis of single factor pollution index showed that the As pollution was the most serious and the Cd pollution was the least in six main regions of blueberry.The order of single factor pollution index of six heavy metals was As>Cr>Pb>Zn>Cu>Cd; comprehensive pollution index evaluation results showed that the heavy metal pollution degree of blueberry fruit in six main planting areas was safe.The single factor pollution index of As is the highest,which needs to be paid attention to.The related planting bases should strengthen the control of arsenic content in soil so as not to further increase the As content to affect the quality of blueberries.
引文
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[4]周艳华,李涛,黄小波.长沙市圭塘河沿岸蔬菜中重金属污染分析与评价[J].食品工业,2017,38(2):197-200.
[5]杨财平,杨小波.电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定绿茶中14中元素[J].中国卫生检验杂志,2017,27(3):333-335.
[6]Nemerow N L.Scientific stream pollution analysis[M].New York:McGraw-Hill Companies,1974.
[7]陈志良,黄玲,周存宇,等.广州市蔬菜中重金属污染特征研究与评价[J].环境科学,2017,38(1):389-398.
[8]罗红霞,李志敏,王晓闻,等.北京市茄果类蔬菜重金属含量与安全性分析[J].食品研究与开发,2017,38(6):112-115.
[9]邓敏军,罗艳.南宁市典型水果重金属含量分析与污染评价[J].安徽农业科学,2013,41(28):11497-11498.
[10]林黎,马梦婷,张誉,等.攀西地区水果中砷汞含量污染评价[J].农业环境与发展,2008(2):109-110.
[11]中华人民共和国卫生部.GB 2762-2017 食品安全国家标准食品中污染物的限量[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2017.
[12]聂晓玲,程国霞,王敏娟,等.2014年陕西省市售食品中重金属污染调查及评价[J].中国食品卫生杂志,2016,28(2):240-243.
[13]林黎,马梦婷,张誉,等.2014年四川省抽查食品中重金属污染状况分析[J].预防医学情报杂志,2017,33(1):38-41.
[14]钟姣,杜凤玲,董天明,等.2014年文山州部分食品中重金属污染情况分析[J].世界最新医学信息文摘,2017,18(17):169-170.
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[16]梁尧,李刚,仇建飞,等.土壤重金属污染对农产品质量安全的影响及其防治措施[J].农产品质量与安全,2013(3):9-14.
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