陆相盆地滩坝砂体沉积特征及其形成与保存条件——以青海湖现代沉积为例
|
摘要
滩坝砂体由于经历了湖浪作用的反复淘洗物性良好,成为近年来石油勘探界关注的热点。通过对我国最大的内陆湖泊(青海湖)现代沉积特征的实地考察,从沉积环境、水动力及沉积特征等诸多方面建立了滨岸滩坝沉积的综合鉴别特征,指出低角度冲洗交错层理、反粒序(滩)、正粒序(坝)以及不含泥质等特征是识别滩坝砂体的典型标志。分析结果表明:物源—水动力—湖盆底形—湖岸线—湖平面(基准面)是决定青海湖滩坝是否发育(形成+保存)的主控因素,其中物源为滩坝形成提供了物质基础,水动力为沉积物改造及滩坝形成提供了源动力,湖盆底形与湖岸线决定了滩坝形成的平面位置与规模范围,湖平面(基准面)的升降变化决定了已形成滩坝沉积保存与否的地质命运。陆源滩坝砂体的形成较为容易,但保存较难,只要具备物源、湖盆底形及水动力等基本条件,低位域、高位域及湖侵域都可能形成滩坝砂体,但只有位于长期基准面旋回早期或三级层序湖侵期的滩坝沉积才能得到较好的保存。这对我国陆相盆地岩性油气藏勘探开发具有一定借鉴意义。
Beach and bar sandbodies are an important research area in the petroleum exploration industry,since they are the result of repeated elutriation by wave action and are therefore favorable to the development of hydrocarbon reservoirs. A field investigation of modern sediments at Qinghai Lake(the largest inland lake in China)has established detailed identifying markers for beach and bar sandbodies from many aspects,such as sedimentary environment,hydrodynamics and sedimentation characteristics. Low-angle forewash cross-bedding,inversely graded(beach sand),normally graded(bar sand)and the absence of mud are typical for identifying signs. Further analysis showed that the material source and provenance,hydrodynamic forces,bottom morphology of the lake basin,lake shoreline and lake base-level cycles are the main controlling factors marking the development,both formation and preservation,of beach and bar sandbodies. The provenance supplies the material base for beach and bar formation,and hydrodynamic forces boost sediment reshaping and beach and bar formation. The bottom morphology and shoreline of a lake basin determines its position in plan,and the extent of beach and bar formation;fluctuations in the lake base level determine the extent to which the beach and bar formations have been preserved. This study also points out that the formation of beach and bar sandbodies in a lacustrine basin occurs relatively easily,but their preservation is problematic.When suitable conditions of provenance,lake basin bottom morphology and hydrodynamics are present,low-stand system tracts,high-stand system tracts and lacustrine transgressive system tracts may form beach and bar sand deposits,but only the sand deposits at the early stage of the second-order sequence,or at the lacustrine transgression phase of the third-order sequence,are well-preserved. Since beach and bar sand deposits are universal in continental lacustrine basins,this study has a particular reference significance for oil and gas reservoir lithology for exploration and development in continental basins in China.
Beach and bar sandbodies are an important research area in the petroleum exploration industry,since they are the result of repeated elutriation by wave action and are therefore favorable to the development of hydrocarbon reservoirs. A field investigation of modern sediments at Qinghai Lake(the largest inland lake in China)has established detailed identifying markers for beach and bar sandbodies from many aspects,such as sedimentary environment,hydrodynamics and sedimentation characteristics. Low-angle forewash cross-bedding,inversely graded(beach sand),normally graded(bar sand)and the absence of mud are typical for identifying signs. Further analysis showed that the material source and provenance,hydrodynamic forces,bottom morphology of the lake basin,lake shoreline and lake base-level cycles are the main controlling factors marking the development,both formation and preservation,of beach and bar sandbodies. The provenance supplies the material base for beach and bar formation,and hydrodynamic forces boost sediment reshaping and beach and bar formation. The bottom morphology and shoreline of a lake basin determines its position in plan,and the extent of beach and bar formation;fluctuations in the lake base level determine the extent to which the beach and bar formations have been preserved. This study also points out that the formation of beach and bar sandbodies in a lacustrine basin occurs relatively easily,but their preservation is problematic.When suitable conditions of provenance,lake basin bottom morphology and hydrodynamics are present,low-stand system tracts,high-stand system tracts and lacustrine transgressive system tracts may form beach and bar sand deposits,but only the sand deposits at the early stage of the second-order sequence,or at the lacustrine transgression phase of the third-order sequence,are well-preserved. Since beach and bar sand deposits are universal in continental lacustrine basins,this study has a particular reference significance for oil and gas reservoir lithology for exploration and development in continental basins in China.
引文
[1]吴崇筠.湖盆砂体类型[J].沉积学报，1986,4(4):1-27.[Wu Chongyun. Sandbodies in lake basin[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,1986,4(4):1-27.]
[2]姜在兴，王俊辉，张元福.滩坝沉积研究进展综述[J].古地理学报，2015,17(4):427-440.[Jiang Zaixing,Wang Junhui,Zhang Yuanfu. Advances in beach-bar research:A review[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography, 2015, 17(4):427-440.]
[3]王冠民，王群，王春阳，等.论湖相滩与坝的成因差异[J].吉林大学学报（地球科学版），2016,46(1):1-10.[Wang Guanmin,Wang Qun,Wang Chunyang,et al. Discussion on genesis difference of lake beach and bar[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),2016,46(1):1-10.]
[4] Coco G,Murray A B. Patterns in the sand:From forcing templates to self-organization[J]. Geomorphology,2007,91(3/4):271-290.
[5] Nutz A,Schuster M,Ghienne J F,et al. Wind-driven bottom currents and related sedimentary bodies in Lake Saint-Jean(Québec,Canada)[J]. GSA Bulletin,2015,127(9/10):1194-1208.
[6]朱筱敏，信荃麟，张晋仁.断湖盆滩坝储集体沉积特征及沉积模式[J].沉积学报，1994,12(2):20-28.[Zhu Xiaomin,Xin Quanlin,Zhang Jinren. Sedimentary characteristics and models of the beach-bar reservoirs in faulted down lacustrine basins[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 1994, 12(2):20-28.]
[7]陈世悦，杨剑萍，操应长.惠民凹陷西部下第三系沙河街组两种滩坝沉积特征[J].煤田地质与勘探，2000,28(3):1-4.[Chen Shiyue,Yang Jianping,Cao Yingchang.Sedimentary characteristics of two kinds of beach-bars of Oligocene Shahejie Formation in western Huimin Depression,China[J]. Coal Geology&Exploration, 2000, 28(3):1-4.]
[8]李国斌，姜在兴，陈诗望，等.利津洼陷沙四上亚段滩坝沉积特征及控制因素分析[J].中国地质，2008,35(5):911-921.[Li Guobin,Jiang Zaixing,Chen Shiwang,et al.Sedimentary characteristics and controlling factors of beach bars in the upper submember of the fourth member of the Shahejie Formation in the Lijin subasin[J]. Geology in China,2008,35(5):911-921.]
[9]操应长，王艳忠，徐涛玉，等.东营凹陷西部沙四上亚段滩坝砂体有效储层的物性下限及控制因素[J].沉积学报，2009,27(2):230-237.[Cao Yingchang,Wang Yanzhong,Xu Taoyu,et al. The petrophysical parameter cutoff and controlling factors of the effective reservoir of beach and bar sandbodies of the upper part of the fourth member of the Shahejie Formation in west part of Dongying Depression[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2009,27(2):230-237.]
[10] Jiang Z X,Liu H,Zhang S W,et al. Sedimentary characteristics of large-scale lacustrine beach-bars and their formation in the Eocene Boxing Sag of Bohai Bay Basin,East China[J]. Sedimentology,2011,58(5):1087-1112.
[11]田继军，姜在兴.惠民凹陷与东营凹陷沙四上亚段滩坝沉积特征对比与分析[J].吉林大学学报（地球科学版），2012,42(3):612-623.[Tian Jijun,Jiang Zaixing.Comparison and analysis of beach bars sedimentary characteristics of upper Es4in Huimin and Dongying Depression[J].Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),2012,42(3):612-623.]
[12]罗红梅，朱毅秀，穆星，等.渤海湾渤南洼陷深层湖相滩坝储集层沉积微相预测[J].石油勘探与开发，2011,38(2):182-190.[Luo Hongmei,Zhu Yixiu,Mu Xing,et al.Seismic facies prediction of lacustrine beach and bar reservoirs in the deep zone of the Bonan Subsag,Bohai Bay Basin[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2011,38(2):182-190.]
[13]赵东娜，朱筱敏，董艳蕾，等.地震沉积学在湖盆缓坡滩坝砂体预测中的应用：以准噶尔盆地车排子地区下白垩统为例[J].石油勘探与开发，2014,41(1):55-61.[Zhao Dongna,Zhu Xiaomin,Dong Yanlei,et al. Application of seismic sedimentology to prediction of beach and bar sandbodies in gentle slope of lacustrine basin:A case study of the Lower Cretaceous in Chepaizi area,Junggar Basin,NW China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2014,41(1):55-61.]
[14]邓宏文，马立祥，姜正龙，等.车镇凹陷大王北地区沙二段滩坝成因类型、分布规律与控制因素研究[J].沉积学报，2008,26(5):715-724.[Deng Hongwen,Ma Lixiang,Jiang Zhenglong,et al. Sand bank generation types and its controls on their distribution,the second member of Shahejie Formation,Lower Tertiary,Dawangbei,Chezhen Depression[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2008, 26(5):715-724.]
[15]林会喜，邓宏文，秦雁群，等.层序演化对滩坝储集层成藏要素与分布的控制作用[J].石油勘探与开发，2010,37(6):680-689.[Lin Huixi,Deng Hongwen,Qin Yanqun,et al. Control of sequence stratigraphic evolution on the distribution and hydrocarbon accumulation of beach and bar reservoirs[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2010,37(6):680-689.]
[16]孙锡年，刘渝，满燕.东营凹陷西部沙四段滩坝砂岩油气成藏条件[J].国外油田工程，2003,19(7):24-25.[Sun Xinian,Liu Yu,Man Yan. Reservoir-forming conditions of beach-barrier sandstone of segment Shasi in western Dongying Depression[J]. Foreign Oilfield Engineering,2003,19(7):24-25.]
[17]王永诗，刘惠民，高永进，等.断陷湖盆滩坝砂体成因与成藏：以东营凹陷沙四上亚段为例[J].地学前缘，2012,19(1):100-107.[Wang Yongshi,Liu Huimin,Gao Yongjin,et al. Sandbody genesis and hydrocarbon accumulation mechanism of beach-bar reservoir in faulted-lacustrine–basins:A case study from the upper of the fourth member of Shahejie Formation,Dongying Sag[J]. Earth Science Frontiers,2012,19(1):100-107.]
[18]潘树新，王建功，刘彩燕，等.坳陷湖盆沿岸坝沉积特征、分布规律及成藏机制：以松辽盆地南部青山口组为例[J].吉林大学学报（地球科学版），2012,42（增刊2):70-78.[Pan Shuxin,Wang Jiangong,Liu Caiyan,et al.Sedimentary features,distribution pattern and accumulation mechanism of lakeshore bar:Taking the Qingshankou Formation in the southern Songliao Basin as an example[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),2012,42(Suppl. 2):70-78.]
[19]刘君龙，纪友亮，杨克明，等.浅水湖盆三角洲岸线控砂机理与油气勘探意义：以川西坳陷中段蓬莱镇组为例[J].石油学报，2015,36(9):1060-1073,1155.[Liu Junlong,Ji Youliang,Yang Keming,et al. Mechanism of lake shoreline control on shoal water deltaic sandbodies and its significance for petroleum exploration:A case study of Penglaizhen Formation in the middle part of western Sichuan Depression[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(9):1060-1073,1155.]
[20]王新民，宋春晖，师永民，等.青海湖现代沉积环境与沉积相特征[J].沉积学报，1997,15(S1):157-162.[Wang Xinmin,Song Chunhui,Shi Yongmin,et al. Modern sedimentary environment and sedimentary facies characteristics in Qinghai Lake[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,1997,15(S1):157-162.]
[21]宋春晖，王新民，师永民，等.青海湖现代滨岸沉积微相及其特征[J].沉积学报，1999,17(1):51-57.[Song Chunhui,Wang Xinmin,Shi Yongmin,et al. Sedimentary characteristics and microfacies of shore zone in Qinghai Lake[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,1999,17(1):51-57.]
[22]师永民，董普，张玉广，等.青海湖现代沉积对岩性油气藏精细勘探的启示[J].天然气工业，2008,28(1):54-57.[Shi Yongmin,Dong Pu,Zhang Yuguang,et al. Revelation of modern deposits in Qinghai Lake to precise exploration of lithologic hydrocarbon reservoirs[J]. Natural Gas Industry,2008,28(1):54-57.]
[23]邱隆伟，周军良，王新征，等.山东峡山湖滩砂的现代沉积特征研究[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报，2010,29(2):142-148.[Qiu Longwei,Zhou Junliang,Wang Xinzheng,et al. A characteristics study of neoteric sediment to the beach of Xiashan Lake in Shandong province[J]. Bulletin of Mineralogy,Petrology and Geochemistry,2010,29(2):142-148.]
[24]胡晨林，张元福，姜在兴，等.风浪作用下鄱阳湖现代滨岸滩坝的形态变化[J].石油学报，2015,36(12):1543-1552.[Hu Chenlin,Zhang Yuanfu,Jiang Zaixing,et al.Morphologic changes in modern onshore beach bar of Poyang Lake under wind and wave actions[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(12):1543-1552.]
[25] Wang J H,Jiang Z X,Xian B Z,et al. A method to define the palaeowind strength from lacustrine parameters[J]. Sedimentology,2018,65(2):461-491.
[26] Thompson W O. Original structures of beaches,bars,and dunes[J]. GSA Bulletin,1937,48(6):723-752.
[27] Olson J S. Lake Michigan dune development. 3. lake-level,beach,and dune oscillations[J]. The Journal of Geology,1958,66(5):473-483.
[28] Campbell C V. Depositional model;upper cretaceous Gallup beach shoreline,Ship Rock area,northwestern new Mexico[J]. Journal of Sedimentary Research,1971,196(2):395-409.
[29] Komar P D,Inman D L. Longshore sand transport on beaches[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research,1970,75(30):5914-5927.
[30] Komar P D. Beach processes and sedimentation,second edition[M]. New York:Prentice-Hall Press,1997.
[31] Davidson-Arnott R G D,Van Heyningen A G. Migration and sedimentology of longshore sandwaves, Long Point,Lake Erie, Canada[J]. Sedimentology, 2003, 50(6):1123-1137.
[32]陈克造，黄第藩，梁狄刚.青海湖的形成和发展[J].地理学报，1964,30(3):214-233.[Chen Kezao,Huang Difan,Liang Digang. Formation and development of the Qinghai Lake[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 1964, 30(3):214-233.]
[33]袁宝印，陈克造，Bowler J M，等.青海湖的形成与演化趋势[J].第四纪研究，1990(3):233-242.[Yuan Baoyin,Chen Kezao,Bowler J M,et al. The formation and evolution of the Qinghai Lake[J]. Quaternary Sciences,1990(3):233-242.]
[34]袁静，梁绘媛，谭明友，等.惠民凹陷南坡沙四上亚段滩坝砂体沉积特征及形成条件[J].石油与天然气地质，2014,35(3):410-416.[Yuan Jing,Liang Huiyuan,Tan Mingyou,et al. Sedimentary characteristics and forming conditions of beach-bar sandbodies in the upper fourth member of the Shahejie Formation in the south slope of the Huimin Sag[J]. Oil&Gas Geology,2014,35(3):410-416.]
[35]杨勇强，邱隆伟，姜在兴，等.陆相断陷湖盆滩坝沉积模式：以东营凹陷古近系沙四上亚段为例[J].石油学报，2011,32(3):417-423.[Yang Yongqiang,Qiu Longwei,Jiang Zaixing,et al. A depositional pattern of beach bar in continental rift lake basins:A case study on the upper part of the fourth member of the Shahejie Formation in the Dongying Sag[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica,2011,32(3):417-423.]
[36]宋国奇，王延章，路达，等.山东东营凹陷南坡地区沙四段纯下亚段湖相碳酸盐岩滩坝发育的控制因素探讨[J].古地理学报，2012,14(5):565-570.[Song Guoqi,Wang Yanzhang,Lu Da,et al. Controlling factors of carbonate rock beach and bar development in lacustrine facies in the Chunxia submember of member 4 of Shahejie Formation in south slope of Dongying Sag,Shandong province[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography,2012,14(5):565-570.]
[37]商晓飞，侯加根，程远忠，等.厚层湖泊滩坝砂体成因机制探讨及地质意义：以黄骅坳陷板桥凹陷沙河街组二段为例[J].地质学报，2014,88(9):1705-1718.[Shang Xiaofei,Hou Jiagen,Cheng Yuanzhong,et al. Formation mechanism of the thick layer lacustrine beach-bar and its geological implications:An example of the 2nd member of the Shahejie Formation in Banqiao Sag[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica,2014,88(9):1705-1718.]
[38]卫平生，潘树新，陈彬滔，等.湖泊岸线带直坝和斜坝：形成机制与沉积特征[J].天然气地球科学，2014,25(11):1681-1688.[Wei Pingsheng,Pan Shuxin,Chen Bintao,et al. Lakeshore oblique and orthogonal bars:Sedimentary features and formation mechanism[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience,2014,25(11):1681-1688.]
[39]宋春晖，方小敏，师永民，等.青海湖现代三角洲沉积特征及形成控制因素[J].兰州大学学报（自然科学版），2001,37(3):112-120.[Song Chunhui,Fang Xiaomin,Shi Yongmin,et al. A study on high stress of Xiaoguanyin dam site at Heishan gorge on the Yellow River[J]. Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Sciences), 2001, 37(3):112-120.]
[40] Hu C L,Zhang Y F,Feng D Y,et al. Flume tank simulation on depositional mechanism and controlling factors of beach-bar reservoirs[J]. Journal of Earth Science,2017,28(6):1153-1162.
[41] Selley R C. Applied sedimentology[M]. 2nd ed. New York:Academic Press,2000.
[42]中国科学院兰州分院，中国科学院西部资源环境研究中心.青海湖近代环境的演化和预测[M].北京：科学出版社，1994.[Lanzhou Branch,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Western Resource and Environment Research Center,Chinese Academy of Sciences. Evolution of recent environment in Qinghai Lake and its prediction[M]. Beijing:Science Press,1994.]
(1)顾家裕教授2016年5月在中石油西北分院进行学术交流时的多媒体材料.
[2]姜在兴，王俊辉，张元福.滩坝沉积研究进展综述[J].古地理学报，2015,17(4):427-440.[Jiang Zaixing,Wang Junhui,Zhang Yuanfu. Advances in beach-bar research:A review[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography, 2015, 17(4):427-440.]
[3]王冠民，王群，王春阳，等.论湖相滩与坝的成因差异[J].吉林大学学报（地球科学版），2016,46(1):1-10.[Wang Guanmin,Wang Qun,Wang Chunyang,et al. Discussion on genesis difference of lake beach and bar[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),2016,46(1):1-10.]
[4] Coco G,Murray A B. Patterns in the sand:From forcing templates to self-organization[J]. Geomorphology,2007,91(3/4):271-290.
[5] Nutz A,Schuster M,Ghienne J F,et al. Wind-driven bottom currents and related sedimentary bodies in Lake Saint-Jean(Québec,Canada)[J]. GSA Bulletin,2015,127(9/10):1194-1208.
[6]朱筱敏，信荃麟，张晋仁.断湖盆滩坝储集体沉积特征及沉积模式[J].沉积学报，1994,12(2):20-28.[Zhu Xiaomin,Xin Quanlin,Zhang Jinren. Sedimentary characteristics and models of the beach-bar reservoirs in faulted down lacustrine basins[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 1994, 12(2):20-28.]
[7]陈世悦，杨剑萍，操应长.惠民凹陷西部下第三系沙河街组两种滩坝沉积特征[J].煤田地质与勘探，2000,28(3):1-4.[Chen Shiyue,Yang Jianping,Cao Yingchang.Sedimentary characteristics of two kinds of beach-bars of Oligocene Shahejie Formation in western Huimin Depression,China[J]. Coal Geology&Exploration, 2000, 28(3):1-4.]
[8]李国斌，姜在兴，陈诗望，等.利津洼陷沙四上亚段滩坝沉积特征及控制因素分析[J].中国地质，2008,35(5):911-921.[Li Guobin,Jiang Zaixing,Chen Shiwang,et al.Sedimentary characteristics and controlling factors of beach bars in the upper submember of the fourth member of the Shahejie Formation in the Lijin subasin[J]. Geology in China,2008,35(5):911-921.]
[9]操应长，王艳忠，徐涛玉，等.东营凹陷西部沙四上亚段滩坝砂体有效储层的物性下限及控制因素[J].沉积学报，2009,27(2):230-237.[Cao Yingchang,Wang Yanzhong,Xu Taoyu,et al. The petrophysical parameter cutoff and controlling factors of the effective reservoir of beach and bar sandbodies of the upper part of the fourth member of the Shahejie Formation in west part of Dongying Depression[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2009,27(2):230-237.]
[10] Jiang Z X,Liu H,Zhang S W,et al. Sedimentary characteristics of large-scale lacustrine beach-bars and their formation in the Eocene Boxing Sag of Bohai Bay Basin,East China[J]. Sedimentology,2011,58(5):1087-1112.
[11]田继军，姜在兴.惠民凹陷与东营凹陷沙四上亚段滩坝沉积特征对比与分析[J].吉林大学学报（地球科学版），2012,42(3):612-623.[Tian Jijun,Jiang Zaixing.Comparison and analysis of beach bars sedimentary characteristics of upper Es4in Huimin and Dongying Depression[J].Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),2012,42(3):612-623.]
[12]罗红梅，朱毅秀，穆星，等.渤海湾渤南洼陷深层湖相滩坝储集层沉积微相预测[J].石油勘探与开发，2011,38(2):182-190.[Luo Hongmei,Zhu Yixiu,Mu Xing,et al.Seismic facies prediction of lacustrine beach and bar reservoirs in the deep zone of the Bonan Subsag,Bohai Bay Basin[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2011,38(2):182-190.]
[13]赵东娜，朱筱敏，董艳蕾，等.地震沉积学在湖盆缓坡滩坝砂体预测中的应用：以准噶尔盆地车排子地区下白垩统为例[J].石油勘探与开发，2014,41(1):55-61.[Zhao Dongna,Zhu Xiaomin,Dong Yanlei,et al. Application of seismic sedimentology to prediction of beach and bar sandbodies in gentle slope of lacustrine basin:A case study of the Lower Cretaceous in Chepaizi area,Junggar Basin,NW China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2014,41(1):55-61.]
[14]邓宏文，马立祥，姜正龙，等.车镇凹陷大王北地区沙二段滩坝成因类型、分布规律与控制因素研究[J].沉积学报，2008,26(5):715-724.[Deng Hongwen,Ma Lixiang,Jiang Zhenglong,et al. Sand bank generation types and its controls on their distribution,the second member of Shahejie Formation,Lower Tertiary,Dawangbei,Chezhen Depression[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2008, 26(5):715-724.]
[15]林会喜，邓宏文，秦雁群，等.层序演化对滩坝储集层成藏要素与分布的控制作用[J].石油勘探与开发，2010,37(6):680-689.[Lin Huixi,Deng Hongwen,Qin Yanqun,et al. Control of sequence stratigraphic evolution on the distribution and hydrocarbon accumulation of beach and bar reservoirs[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2010,37(6):680-689.]
[16]孙锡年，刘渝，满燕.东营凹陷西部沙四段滩坝砂岩油气成藏条件[J].国外油田工程，2003,19(7):24-25.[Sun Xinian,Liu Yu,Man Yan. Reservoir-forming conditions of beach-barrier sandstone of segment Shasi in western Dongying Depression[J]. Foreign Oilfield Engineering,2003,19(7):24-25.]
[17]王永诗，刘惠民，高永进，等.断陷湖盆滩坝砂体成因与成藏：以东营凹陷沙四上亚段为例[J].地学前缘，2012,19(1):100-107.[Wang Yongshi,Liu Huimin,Gao Yongjin,et al. Sandbody genesis and hydrocarbon accumulation mechanism of beach-bar reservoir in faulted-lacustrine–basins:A case study from the upper of the fourth member of Shahejie Formation,Dongying Sag[J]. Earth Science Frontiers,2012,19(1):100-107.]
[18]潘树新，王建功，刘彩燕，等.坳陷湖盆沿岸坝沉积特征、分布规律及成藏机制：以松辽盆地南部青山口组为例[J].吉林大学学报（地球科学版），2012,42（增刊2):70-78.[Pan Shuxin,Wang Jiangong,Liu Caiyan,et al.Sedimentary features,distribution pattern and accumulation mechanism of lakeshore bar:Taking the Qingshankou Formation in the southern Songliao Basin as an example[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),2012,42(Suppl. 2):70-78.]
[19]刘君龙，纪友亮，杨克明，等.浅水湖盆三角洲岸线控砂机理与油气勘探意义：以川西坳陷中段蓬莱镇组为例[J].石油学报，2015,36(9):1060-1073,1155.[Liu Junlong,Ji Youliang,Yang Keming,et al. Mechanism of lake shoreline control on shoal water deltaic sandbodies and its significance for petroleum exploration:A case study of Penglaizhen Formation in the middle part of western Sichuan Depression[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(9):1060-1073,1155.]
[20]王新民，宋春晖，师永民，等.青海湖现代沉积环境与沉积相特征[J].沉积学报，1997,15(S1):157-162.[Wang Xinmin,Song Chunhui,Shi Yongmin,et al. Modern sedimentary environment and sedimentary facies characteristics in Qinghai Lake[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,1997,15(S1):157-162.]
[21]宋春晖，王新民，师永民，等.青海湖现代滨岸沉积微相及其特征[J].沉积学报，1999,17(1):51-57.[Song Chunhui,Wang Xinmin,Shi Yongmin,et al. Sedimentary characteristics and microfacies of shore zone in Qinghai Lake[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,1999,17(1):51-57.]
[22]师永民，董普，张玉广，等.青海湖现代沉积对岩性油气藏精细勘探的启示[J].天然气工业，2008,28(1):54-57.[Shi Yongmin,Dong Pu,Zhang Yuguang,et al. Revelation of modern deposits in Qinghai Lake to precise exploration of lithologic hydrocarbon reservoirs[J]. Natural Gas Industry,2008,28(1):54-57.]
[23]邱隆伟，周军良，王新征，等.山东峡山湖滩砂的现代沉积特征研究[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报，2010,29(2):142-148.[Qiu Longwei,Zhou Junliang,Wang Xinzheng,et al. A characteristics study of neoteric sediment to the beach of Xiashan Lake in Shandong province[J]. Bulletin of Mineralogy,Petrology and Geochemistry,2010,29(2):142-148.]
[24]胡晨林，张元福，姜在兴，等.风浪作用下鄱阳湖现代滨岸滩坝的形态变化[J].石油学报，2015,36(12):1543-1552.[Hu Chenlin,Zhang Yuanfu,Jiang Zaixing,et al.Morphologic changes in modern onshore beach bar of Poyang Lake under wind and wave actions[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(12):1543-1552.]
[25] Wang J H,Jiang Z X,Xian B Z,et al. A method to define the palaeowind strength from lacustrine parameters[J]. Sedimentology,2018,65(2):461-491.
[26] Thompson W O. Original structures of beaches,bars,and dunes[J]. GSA Bulletin,1937,48(6):723-752.
[27] Olson J S. Lake Michigan dune development. 3. lake-level,beach,and dune oscillations[J]. The Journal of Geology,1958,66(5):473-483.
[28] Campbell C V. Depositional model;upper cretaceous Gallup beach shoreline,Ship Rock area,northwestern new Mexico[J]. Journal of Sedimentary Research,1971,196(2):395-409.
[29] Komar P D,Inman D L. Longshore sand transport on beaches[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research,1970,75(30):5914-5927.
[30] Komar P D. Beach processes and sedimentation,second edition[M]. New York:Prentice-Hall Press,1997.
[31] Davidson-Arnott R G D,Van Heyningen A G. Migration and sedimentology of longshore sandwaves, Long Point,Lake Erie, Canada[J]. Sedimentology, 2003, 50(6):1123-1137.
[32]陈克造，黄第藩，梁狄刚.青海湖的形成和发展[J].地理学报，1964,30(3):214-233.[Chen Kezao,Huang Difan,Liang Digang. Formation and development of the Qinghai Lake[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 1964, 30(3):214-233.]
[33]袁宝印，陈克造，Bowler J M，等.青海湖的形成与演化趋势[J].第四纪研究，1990(3):233-242.[Yuan Baoyin,Chen Kezao,Bowler J M,et al. The formation and evolution of the Qinghai Lake[J]. Quaternary Sciences,1990(3):233-242.]
[34]袁静，梁绘媛，谭明友，等.惠民凹陷南坡沙四上亚段滩坝砂体沉积特征及形成条件[J].石油与天然气地质，2014,35(3):410-416.[Yuan Jing,Liang Huiyuan,Tan Mingyou,et al. Sedimentary characteristics and forming conditions of beach-bar sandbodies in the upper fourth member of the Shahejie Formation in the south slope of the Huimin Sag[J]. Oil&Gas Geology,2014,35(3):410-416.]
[35]杨勇强，邱隆伟，姜在兴，等.陆相断陷湖盆滩坝沉积模式：以东营凹陷古近系沙四上亚段为例[J].石油学报，2011,32(3):417-423.[Yang Yongqiang,Qiu Longwei,Jiang Zaixing,et al. A depositional pattern of beach bar in continental rift lake basins:A case study on the upper part of the fourth member of the Shahejie Formation in the Dongying Sag[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica,2011,32(3):417-423.]
[36]宋国奇，王延章，路达，等.山东东营凹陷南坡地区沙四段纯下亚段湖相碳酸盐岩滩坝发育的控制因素探讨[J].古地理学报，2012,14(5):565-570.[Song Guoqi,Wang Yanzhang,Lu Da,et al. Controlling factors of carbonate rock beach and bar development in lacustrine facies in the Chunxia submember of member 4 of Shahejie Formation in south slope of Dongying Sag,Shandong province[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography,2012,14(5):565-570.]
[37]商晓飞，侯加根，程远忠，等.厚层湖泊滩坝砂体成因机制探讨及地质意义：以黄骅坳陷板桥凹陷沙河街组二段为例[J].地质学报，2014,88(9):1705-1718.[Shang Xiaofei,Hou Jiagen,Cheng Yuanzhong,et al. Formation mechanism of the thick layer lacustrine beach-bar and its geological implications:An example of the 2nd member of the Shahejie Formation in Banqiao Sag[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica,2014,88(9):1705-1718.]
[38]卫平生，潘树新，陈彬滔，等.湖泊岸线带直坝和斜坝：形成机制与沉积特征[J].天然气地球科学，2014,25(11):1681-1688.[Wei Pingsheng,Pan Shuxin,Chen Bintao,et al. Lakeshore oblique and orthogonal bars:Sedimentary features and formation mechanism[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience,2014,25(11):1681-1688.]
[39]宋春晖，方小敏，师永民，等.青海湖现代三角洲沉积特征及形成控制因素[J].兰州大学学报（自然科学版），2001,37(3):112-120.[Song Chunhui,Fang Xiaomin,Shi Yongmin,et al. A study on high stress of Xiaoguanyin dam site at Heishan gorge on the Yellow River[J]. Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Sciences), 2001, 37(3):112-120.]
[40] Hu C L,Zhang Y F,Feng D Y,et al. Flume tank simulation on depositional mechanism and controlling factors of beach-bar reservoirs[J]. Journal of Earth Science,2017,28(6):1153-1162.
[41] Selley R C. Applied sedimentology[M]. 2nd ed. New York:Academic Press,2000.
[42]中国科学院兰州分院，中国科学院西部资源环境研究中心.青海湖近代环境的演化和预测[M].北京：科学出版社，1994.[Lanzhou Branch,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Western Resource and Environment Research Center,Chinese Academy of Sciences. Evolution of recent environment in Qinghai Lake and its prediction[M]. Beijing:Science Press,1994.]
(1)顾家裕教授2016年5月在中石油西北分院进行学术交流时的多媒体材料.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |